Human body

Levels of study

1 - Cells - specialized/ differentiated

• work together to form tissues

2 - White Blood Cell - works with immune system

3 - Tissues - group of different cells working together to perform a certain function

• study of tissues is Histology

• Major Tissue groups

- Epithelial Tissue - covers body surfaces

- Connective Tissue - connects parts of the body

- Nervous Tissue - neurons in the CNS and PNS

- Muscle Tissue - 3 types

◦ cardiac

◦ smooth

◦ skeletal

4 - Organs - group of tissues working together to perform a certain function

• the picture is of the skin which is the largest organ

5 - Organ Systems - group of organs working together to perform a certain function

• The picture is of the skeletal system

• each bone is an organ with NT, blood (CT), bone (CT), and ET

6 - The body is divided into different cavities. These cavities are lined with membranes that secrete fluid to protect and reduce friction.

7 - Organ systems make the entire organism which functions and stays alive through homeostasis.

Reflexes are one way the body maintains homeostasis, using a reflex arc.

Reflex arc has 5 parts:

1. sensory receptor

2. sensory neuron

3. interneuron (spinal cord)

4. motor neuron

5. effector (muscles or glands)

Physiology

Physiology is the study of how the body functions. Physiologists ask, "what does it do?" This is always

related to the anatomy, or what it is/ looks like, etc. Anatomy determines physiology.

Bio Review topics

Biochemistry

• organic compounds

- carbohydrates

- protein

- lipids

- nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

8 - Bio Text Ch 2.3

9 - Eukaryotic Cells and organelles (Bio Text Ch 7.1-2)

Cell transport (Bio Text 7.3)

• passive transport (diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion)

• active transport

DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis (Bio Text Ch 12)

10 - DNA replication

11 - RNA transcription

12 - protein synthesis (translation)

Module 1: What do you know about the effects of exercise?