SCIENCE FA1 ACTIVITY Topic – Human blood system & disorder. Group no. 10 (X B).

Bhitesh Arora.Jatin Batra.Lakshay Raj. Muskaan Srivastava [LEADER]. Bhitesh

Types of Blood vessels…

Blood Vessels - These are tube-like structures

that carry blood throughout the body .

These are of three types :

Arteries.

Veins.

Capillaries.

Bhitesh

ARTERIES… Arteries carry oxygenated blood. They carry blood away from the heart. They are thick walled. They are deeply

seated. The blood is flowing high pressure. The MAIN artery is known as ‘AORTA’.

Bhitesh

VEINS…Veins carry deoxygenated blood.

They carry blood towards the heart.

They are thin walled. They are

superficial.

The blood is flowing at a low pressure.

The main vein is known as ’Vena Cava’.

Bhitesh

CAPILLARIES… Arteries and veins are inter-related by capillaries. Capillaries have a very thin wall made up of single membrane. So that exchange of material can take place.

Bhitesh

Mechanism of blood clotting

• Blood clots form to help prevent leaking when you break the

surface of the skin — fo r example -when you cut your

finger chopping carrots or on a piece of broken glass. Your

body goes through a certain series of events to make sure

that you do not bleed to death.

• First, after you shriek in pain or mutter a few choice words,

the injured blood vessel constricts. The constriction reduces

blood flow to the injured blood vessel, which helps to limit

blood loss. Tourniquets help to squeeze off blood flow in

much the same way when major blood vessels are injured

Jatin Batra

• With the injured blood vessel constricted, the platelets present in the blood that is passing through that vessel start to stick to the collagen fibers that are part of the blood vessel wall. Eventually, a platelet plug forms, and it fills small tears in the blood vessel.

• Once the platelet plug is formed, a chain of events is initiated to form a clot. The reactions that occur are catalyzed by enzymes called clotting factors. There are 12 clotting factors, and the mechanism that occurs is very complex.

jatin batra

Diseases in Blood…o The three major

blood disorders – anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia – will be examined in this protocol. Information as to the biology of these diseases and their conventional diagnosis and treatment will be presented; some emerging therapeutic strategies will be discussed as well.

muskan srivastava

 Anemia...

Red blood cells, or erythrocytes, contain hemoglobin,

an iron-containing protein responsible for transporting

oxygen from the lungs to tissues. Erythrocytes are

continuously produced in bone marrow and survive

about 120 days having an abnormally low number of

erythrocytes or low hemoglobin is known as anemia.

muskan srivastava

Leukopenia… White blood cells, or leukocytes, are cells of

the immune system. They are produced in bone marrow from hematopoietic stem cells and typically circulate for a much shorter period than red blood cells – from less than a day to a few weeks. Types of leukocytes include neutrophils, eosinophils, basophiles, lymphocytes, and monocytes. Having an abnormally low number of these cells is known as leukopenia.

muskan srivastava

Thrombocytopenia…

Platelets, or thrombocytes, are involved in the

formation of blood clots. They are not actually

cells, since they lack a nucleus, but fragments of

large bone marrow cells; the platelet lifespan is

about 6 to 9 days. Having an abnormally low

number of thrombocytes is known

as thrombocytopenia.

muskan srivastava

WE hope that you liked our presentation ..…

BHITESH