Human Behavior and the Human Behavior and the Social EnvironmentSocial Environment

Integrating Social SystemsIntegrating Social Systems

Culture and SocietyCulture and Society

Culture: Culture: Those qualities and attributes that seem Those qualities and attributes that seem

to be characteristic of all humankindto be characteristic of all humankind Viewed as a macro systemViewed as a macro system A group phenomenon A group phenomenon Evolves from the interaction of person Evolves from the interaction of person

with others, and a person’s belief or with others, and a person’s belief or behavior becomes part of the culture, behavior becomes part of the culture, when it is externalized and objectified. when it is externalized and objectified.

Culture and SocietyCulture and Society

Society:Society: A group of people who have learned to live and work A group of people who have learned to live and work

together.together. It is a social organization that becomes more It is a social organization that becomes more

complex because of an increased volume of complex because of an increased volume of relationships among the various elements of the relationships among the various elements of the cultureculture

Role is the total of the cultural expectations Role is the total of the cultural expectations associated with a particular status, including the associated with a particular status, including the attitudes, values, and behavior. attitudes, values, and behavior.

It incorporates tools, language, child rearing, humans It incorporates tools, language, child rearing, humans urge to explain the world and social relationships.urge to explain the world and social relationships.

Communities Communities

Held together by feeling and Held together by feeling and sentiment.sentiment.

Is at the interface between society Is at the interface between society and microsystems.and microsystems.

Community is a population whose Community is a population whose members:members: Consciously identify with each otherConsciously identify with each other May occupy common territoryMay occupy common territory Engage in common activitiesEngage in common activities Have some form of organization. Have some form of organization.

Communities Communities

Communities are subordinate to Communities are subordinate to larger, regional networks.larger, regional networks.

Consists of social networks.Consists of social networks. Behavioral aspects include social Behavioral aspects include social

control, socialization and control, socialization and communication.communication.

There are place and non-place There are place and non-place communities.communities.

Organizations Organizations

They are social units.They are social units. Characterized by:Characterized by:

Divisions of laborDivisions of labor Presence of one or more power centersPresence of one or more power centers Substitution of personnel.Substitution of personnel.

Persons are to perform according to Persons are to perform according to their assigned roles.their assigned roles.

Purpose is the achievement of Purpose is the achievement of specific, explicit goals.specific, explicit goals.

Organizations Organizations

Members confine themselves to a Members confine themselves to a relatively narrow range of behaviors.relatively narrow range of behaviors.

Power over each other is in the form Power over each other is in the form of authority and hierarchal control.of authority and hierarchal control.

Assures compliance with the Assures compliance with the system’s goals and adherence to the system’s goals and adherence to the member’s prescribed roles. member’s prescribed roles.

Groups Groups

An arena of social interaction.An arena of social interaction. Has potential to provide for:Has potential to provide for:

A need to belong and to be accepted by A need to belong and to be accepted by othersothers

A need to be validated by others A need to be validated by others A need to share common experiencesA need to share common experiences Opportunities to work with others on Opportunities to work with others on

common tasks.common tasks.

Groups Groups

It has a unique wholeness of its ownIt has a unique wholeness of its own Comprises those associations and Comprises those associations and

activity in which the person engage activity in which the person engage most of their “selves” from day to day.most of their “selves” from day to day.

Characterized by energy/information Characterized by energy/information exchange to promote synergy.exchange to promote synergy.

Stages:Stages: Forming, norming, and storming. Forming, norming, and storming.

Families Families

Centrally important in defining social Centrally important in defining social expectations and in providing resources expectations and in providing resources for growth, in every phase of the person’s for growth, in every phase of the person’s life.life.

The only system that is interwoven with all The only system that is interwoven with all other systems.other systems.

Assumes or is delegated, primary Assumes or is delegated, primary responsibility for socialization into the responsibility for socialization into the culture and major responsibility to ensure culture and major responsibility to ensure the survival of society and of humanity.the survival of society and of humanity.

Families Families

A system of roles that are the cultural A system of roles that are the cultural expectations for behavior and where expectations for behavior and where these roles are learned and carried out.these roles are learned and carried out.

Two views of family roles:Two views of family roles: The family is responsive to the demands The family is responsive to the demands

and dictates of larger social systems.and dictates of larger social systems. The family initiates change, and society The family initiates change, and society

accommodates. The family determines accommodates. The family determines society.society.

The PersonThe Person

Without the individual, there would Without the individual, there would be no society and without society be no society and without society there would be no individual.there would be no individual.

The human life cycle is viewed from The human life cycle is viewed from a psychosocial approach.a psychosocial approach. The interaction of the individual person The interaction of the individual person

with the social environment.with the social environment. It is both cause and effect of social It is both cause and effect of social

systems.systems.

The PersonThe Person

A person’s growth and development A person’s growth and development is in a pattern of expansion, a is in a pattern of expansion, a movement outward.movement outward.

As the cycle of life unfolds, persons As the cycle of life unfolds, persons expand their interaction into systems expand their interaction into systems of ever-larger magnitude.of ever-larger magnitude.

Strong emphasis is placed on the life Strong emphasis is placed on the life cycle theory of Erik Erikson. cycle theory of Erik Erikson.

Interaction of SystemsInteraction of Systems

HumanityHumanity SocietySociety

CommunityCommunity OrganizationsOrganizations

GroupsGroups FamilyFamily Person Person