Human A&P With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body forms a joint with at least...
-
Upload
derek-andrews -
Category
Documents
-
view
225 -
download
0
Transcript of Human A&P With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body forms a joint with at least...
![Page 1: Human A&P With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body forms a joint with at least one other bone Joints serve.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bf701a28abf838c7d39e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Human A&P With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body forms a joint with at least one other bone Joints serve.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bf701a28abf838c7d39e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Human A&P With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body forms a joint with at least one other bone Joints serve.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bf701a28abf838c7d39e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Human A&P With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body forms a joint with at least one other bone Joints serve.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bf701a28abf838c7d39e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Human A&P With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body forms a joint with at least one other bone Joints serve.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bf701a28abf838c7d39e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Human A&P With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body forms a joint with at least one other bone Joints serve.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bf701a28abf838c7d39e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Human A&P With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body forms a joint with at least one other bone Joints serve.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bf701a28abf838c7d39e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Human A&P With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body forms a joint with at least one other bone Joints serve.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bf701a28abf838c7d39e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Human A&P With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body forms a joint with at least one other bone Joints serve.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bf701a28abf838c7d39e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Human A&P With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body forms a joint with at least one other bone Joints serve.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bf701a28abf838c7d39e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Human A&P With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body forms a joint with at least one other bone Joints serve.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bf701a28abf838c7d39e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Human A&P With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body forms a joint with at least one other bone Joints serve.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bf701a28abf838c7d39e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
JOINTS AND JOINT
MOVEMENTHuman A&P
![Page 13: Human A&P With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body forms a joint with at least one other bone Joints serve.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bf701a28abf838c7d39e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
JOINTS With the exception of the hyoid bone,
every bone in the body forms a joint with at least one other bone
Joints serve two functionsHold the bones securely togetherGive the rigid skeleton flexibility
![Page 14: Human A&P With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body forms a joint with at least one other bone Joints serve.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bf701a28abf838c7d39e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
JOINT CLASSIFICATION Functional: depends on the amount of
movement allowed by the joint Structural: depends on whether fibrous
tissue, cartilage, or a joint cavity separates the bony regions at the joint
![Page 15: Human A&P With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body forms a joint with at least one other bone Joints serve.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bf701a28abf838c7d39e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
THREE TYPES OF JOINTS Synarthrosis Joints – held together by
collagenous fibers. The bones closely contact each other. Ex. Skull sutures, distal end of fibula and tibia
Amphiarthosis Joints – hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage connect the bones. Ex. Vertebrae, pubis bone
Diarthrosis (Synovial Joint) – Most common joint and most complex
![Page 16: Human A&P With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body forms a joint with at least one other bone Joints serve.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bf701a28abf838c7d39e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
SYNOVIAL JOINT
![Page 17: Human A&P With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body forms a joint with at least one other bone Joints serve.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bf701a28abf838c7d39e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS
![Page 18: Human A&P With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body forms a joint with at least one other bone Joints serve.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bf701a28abf838c7d39e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
BALL AND SOCKET JOINT Hip and shoulder are
examples Egg shaped head
with a cup shaped cavity
![Page 19: Human A&P With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body forms a joint with at least one other bone Joints serve.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bf701a28abf838c7d39e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
CONDYLOID JOINT Metacarpals and
phalanges
![Page 20: Human A&P With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body forms a joint with at least one other bone Joints serve.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bf701a28abf838c7d39e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
GLIDING JOINT Joints of the wrist
and ankle Back and forth
movement
![Page 21: Human A&P With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body forms a joint with at least one other bone Joints serve.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bf701a28abf838c7d39e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
HINGE JOINT Elbow Concave and convex
surfaces fit together
![Page 22: Human A&P With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body forms a joint with at least one other bone Joints serve.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bf701a28abf838c7d39e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
PIVOT JOINT Rotation around a
central axis Radius and ulna,
neck turning
![Page 23: Human A&P With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body forms a joint with at least one other bone Joints serve.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bf701a28abf838c7d39e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
SADDLE JOINT Carpal and
metacarpal of the thumb
![Page 24: Human A&P With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body forms a joint with at least one other bone Joints serve.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bf701a28abf838c7d39e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS OF THE JOINTS Bursitis:
inflammation of bursa (synovial membrane); water on the knee
![Page 25: Human A&P With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body forms a joint with at least one other bone Joints serve.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bf701a28abf838c7d39e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS OF THE JOINTS Sprain
Ligaments or tendons reinforcing joint are damaged by excessive stretching or are torn away from bone
Slow to heal because of poor blood supply Dislocation
When a bone is forced out of normal position in the joint cavity
![Page 26: Human A&P With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body forms a joint with at least one other bone Joints serve.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bf701a28abf838c7d39e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS OF THE JOINTS Arthritis
Most widespread, crippling disease in the U.S.
1 in 7 Americans suffer with it Initial symptoms: Pain, stiffness, and
swelling of the jointAcute and Chronic Forms of Arthritis
![Page 27: Human A&P With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body forms a joint with at least one other bone Joints serve.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bf701a28abf838c7d39e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS OF THE JOINTS Acute Arthritis
Result from bacterial invasionTreated with antibioticSynovial membrane thickens and fluid
production decreases, leading to increased friction and pain
![Page 28: Human A&P With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body forms a joint with at least one other bone Joints serve.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bf701a28abf838c7d39e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS OF THE JOINTS
Chronic Arthritis Osteoarthritis
Most common form Degenerative condition usu. affects the aged Wear and tear affects Can cause bone spurs which restrict joint movement
Rheumatoid arthritis Occurs between 40-50 years old, but can occur at any age Affects more women than men Many joints affected at the same time and usu. in
symmetrical manner (left elbow than right elbow) Marked by remission (goes away) and flare ups (comes
back) Autoimmune disease – body attacks its own tissues
Gouty arthritis
![Page 29: Human A&P With the exception of the hyoid bone, every bone in the body forms a joint with at least one other bone Joints serve.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bf701a28abf838c7d39e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS OF THE JOINTS