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Is there a Pattern to a Country’s Population?

Learning Outcome:All Learners: Will be able to identify the main features of a for a Demographic Transition Model and a Population Pyramid.Most Learners: will be able to identify the

Literacy target:To decode a piece of text in order to critically evaluate its effectiveness.

Competence: Research

Rate of Population ChangeRate of change• Births and deaths are natural causes of population change. The difference

between the birth rate and the death rate of a country or place is called the natural increase. The natural increase is calculated by subtracting the death rate from the birth rate.

Natural increase = birth rate - death rateTask: In groups, discuss what the information on the board

shows. One person to lead the group Copy spider diagram and complete notes:

.

Rate of Population Change

MEDC LEDC

Mini Plenary:• Discuss the ways of collecting information

about a population e.g. number of babies

How reliable was this in the past? How about LEDC Countries?

Learning Outcome:To be able to understand if there are patterns in a countries population.

Rate of Population ChangeRate of change• Births and deaths are natural causes of population change. The difference

between the birth rate and the death rate of a country or place is called the natural increase. The natural increase is calculated by subtracting the death rate from the birth rate.

Natural increase = birth rate - death rateTask: In groups, discuss what the information on the board

shows. One person to lead the group Copy spider diagram and complete notes:

.

Rate of Population Change

MEDC LEDC

Mini Plenary:• Discussion the ways of collecting

information about population in the UK.

How reliable was this in the past? How about LEDC Countries?


Is there a pattern to how a country’s population changes over time?

Facts from memory exercise

3 minutes to visit the laptop screen. Share with your group what you learn. 1 person to visit the screen at a time.

Mini Plenary: This diagram shows…?

Demographic Transition Model

Aim: To understand how the population of a LEDC country with high birth rate and high death rate can change over time

Task:5 stations (5 stages of the

Demographic Transition Model)

For each stage, make notes in your book.

Use your copy of the DTM model to help you.

Station 1) Stage 1 Example Countries:Sierra Leone; Congo – these are the poorest LEDC Countries.

Stage 1) Birth / Death Rate Information

Area Birth Rate ReasonDeat

h Rate

Reason

LEDCs High

No contraception

Couples have many babies to compensate for the high death rate caused by poor health care

Large families need to work on the land to contribute to family income

Children look after old

Religious reasons

High

Poor medical facilities

Disease

Poor nutrition

High Infant mortality

Station 2) Stage 2 - Early ExpandingBirth Rate remains high. Death Rate is falling. Population begins to rise steadily.Reasons• Death Rate is falling as a result of:• Improved health care (e.g. Smallpox

Vaccine)• Improved Hygiene (Water for drinking

boiled)• Improved sanitation• Improved food production and storage• Improved transport for food• Decreased Infant Mortality Rates

Example countries:

Stage 2 Example Countries:Bangladesh; Nigeria

Station 3) Stage 3 Example Countries:India; South KoreaStage 3 - Late Expanding

Birth Rate starts to fall. Death Rate continues to fall. Population rising.Reasons:• Family planning available

(contraception)• Lower Infant Mortality Rate• Increased factories reduces

need for workers i.e. machine do the work.

• Increased standard of living (people are getting wealthier and have some healthcare)

• Changing status of women (i.e. they get careers)

Area Birth Rate Reason Death Rate Reason

NICsHigh/Decreasing

People are used to having many children. Takes time for culture to change

Changing status of women

Decreasing

As an economy develops money becomes available for better health care

Housing improves

Better childcare


Station 4) Stage 4 Example Countries:More Economically Developed countries e.g. UK; France

Stage 4 - Low FluctuatingBirth Rate and Death Rate both low. Population steady.Typical of USA; Sweden; Japan; Britain


Area Birth Rate ReasonDeath Rate Reason

MEDCs Low

Children are expensive

People know their children are going to survive so they can keep their families small

Widely available contraceptives

Changing status of women

Low

Better health care

Better standard of living

Demographic Transition Model

What I understand:

Is new or interesting

Answers a question you had

What I Don’t Understand:

A word you don’t understand Circle

Puzzles you ?

Really confuses you ??

Coding of Text Activity Task Aim: For learners to identify what they do and do not understand when using a written source. With an aim to ensure learners improve their understanding.

Population Pyramids Research Task:

Working in groups, you are going to answer the following questions:

1) A Population pyramid is…?2) It shows….?3) It is useful because…?

Group Roles:

Researcher (Ipad) Information Gatherer (Research

Board) Speaker Recorder

Clue 1) Population Pyramids show…?

This axis is for the Age:

This is a simple bar graph which shows the number of people at a certain age.

Male Bar Graph

Population structure means the "make up" or composition of a population.

Looking at the population structure of a place shows how the population is

divided up between males and females of different age groups.

Population structure is usually shown using a population

pyramid. A population pyramid can be drawn up for a whole country or an individual

town, city or village.

Population Pyramids

Clue 2) A Population Pyramid shows…?

The shape of a population pyramid is very important and can tell us a lot about the people living in a particular country or place.

The shape of a population pyramid gives us information about birth and death rates as well as life expectancy

Clue 3) The Shape of a population pyramid shows?

A population with a high number of young dependants and a low life expectancy e.g. Mozambique.

Falling birth rate and a rising life expectancy e.g. the U.K.

Looks like a barrel.

Ageing population and a very low birth rate may have a population structure that looks a little like an upside-down pyramid e.g. Japan.

Clue 4) Population Pyramids

Peer Assessment:Group Name:

WWW: They were able to accurately explain what a population pyramid is.

EBI: If they described the different stages of a population pyramid.

Task) Complete UK Population Pyramid

UK Population Pyramids

10 5 0 5 10

0-4

5-9 10-14

15-19 20-24

25-29 30-34

35-39 40-44

45-49 50-54 55-59

60-64 65-69

70-74 75-79

80-84 85-89

90+

Ag

e g

rou

p

Percentage of Population

Women

Men

Population Pyramid Quiz

Multiple Choice

Population Quiz – Q1)

1) A population with a high number of young dependants and a low life expectancy.

2) An ageing population.

3) A well developed country (i.e. an MEDC).

Pick the right answer by showing you’re planner cards.


1) A population with a high number of young dependants and a low life expectancy.

2) Falling birth rate and a rising life expectancy.

3) A poor country.


1) The biggest population by age is 35-39 (i.e. most!).

2) Birth rate is increasing.

3) Death rate is going down.


1) Men live longer than men.

2) Large economically active sector, thriving economy

3) High birth rate.


1) Number of elderly people will go down.

2) 15-19 is the largest population.

3) Number of elderly people will increase in the future.


1) Number of elderly people will go down.

2) Ageing population and a very low birth rate.

3) Example of a poor country

Population Pyramids:

Extension Question:• What does the pyramid show?• What are the benefits of this?• What are the drawbacks of this?

Task:

1)Describe each sector of each graph (label sheet)..

Why do we get different population pyramids?

Thinking points:

-Are all countries rich or poor?

-Do some countries have a higher birth rate?

Analysing population pyramidsKey things to know about population pyramids• The shape of a population pyramid can tell us a lot about an area's population. • It gives us information about birth and death rates as well as life expectancy. • A population pyramid tells us how many dependants there are. There are two groups

of dependants; young dependants (aged below 15) and elderly dependants (aged over 65).

• Dependants rely upon the economically active for economic support. • Many LEDCs have a high number of young dependants, whilst many MEDCs have a

growing number of elderly dependants.

How do pyramids change over time?• A population pyramid that is very triangular (eg Mozambique in 2000) shows a

population with a high number of young dependants and a low life expectancy.

• A population pyramid that has fairly straight sides (more like a barrel) shows a population with a falling birth rate and a rising life expectancy.

• Over time, as a country develops, the shape changes from triangular to barrel-like.

• Places with an ageing population and a very low birth rate would have a structure that looks like an upside-down pyramid.

• Recap of work on DTM model and population pyramids showing how countries at different stages of the DTM model have different population structures.

• Discuss how the dependency ratio in a country can be worked out from a population pyramid (number of children under 15 plus number of adults over 65 multiplied by 100 divided by number of adults between 16 and 64). Discuss the assumptions the dependency ratio appears to be based on.

• Describe how sketch pyramids can be drawn to represent the four stages of the DTM. Hypothesise and draw a fifth stage.

• Introduce the ideas behind the Rostow Model. Students illustrate the ideas with a diagram.

• Students write a detailed, illustrated report describing and explaining how the population structure of a country changes shape as it becomes more economically developed.

Is there a pattern to how a country’s population changes over time?

• Draw and label an outline of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM). Label and explain what the graph shows

• Apply the DTM to an LEDC e.g. Sierre Leone and an MEDC e.g. UK. Research task.

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