Http:// Project Design and Planning Sequence of Systematic Project Design.
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Transcript of Http:// Project Design and Planning Sequence of Systematic Project Design.
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Project Design and Planning
Sequence of Systematic
Project Design
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The sequence of Objectives-Oriented Project Planning (OOPP)
Problem Analysis
Objectives Analysis
Alternatives Analysis
Participants Anal.
1.1.2.2.3.3.
Log. Framework
Plan of OperationsPlan of Operations
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Make your plan:
• Visible• Readable• Changeable • Movable
Visualization in Participatory Project Planning (VIPP)
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PCM Workshop-House Rules
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1. Write your own idea on a card.2. Write only one idea on a card.3. Describe in a clear and brief sentence.4. Stick to the facts, and avoid abstraction and
generalizations.5. Write your ideas on the cards before beginning
discussion.6. Obtain a consensus when removing cards
from the board.
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PDM
ANALYSISSTAGE
Problems
Analysis
Objectives
Analysis
Stakeholders
Analysis
Alternative Analysis
PLANNINGSTAGE
PDM Plan of Operation
(PO)
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Problem Analysis
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• Analyze existing situation
• Identify important problems
• Define core problem
• Draw cause effect relationship– Why?
• Why?– Why?
» Why?» Why?
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Direct Effects
Core Problem
Direct Causes
CORE PROBLEM
CAUSES
EFFECTS
Problem Tree
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Example: Problem Tree
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HouseholdIncome
decreases.
FarmersHave to worklong hours.
Rice productivity is low.
Arable land is very limited
Irrigation systemDoes not work
properly
TraditionalFarming methods
are used..
Main facilities are not
well maintained
TerminalFacilities
Are not wellmaintained
FarmersDo not want
To Applyfertilizers
FarmersCannot afford
To buy modern equipment
CAUSES
EFFECTSCore Problem
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Tip for Writing Problem Cards
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1. Write existing problems only.
2. Write only one problem per card.
3. Describe the problem in a sentence
4. Do not include both the cause and the effect of a problem on one card.
5. Try to avoid expressions such as “No resources is available.”
(instead, describe the conditions resulting from the lack or absence of the
particular)
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Exercise 2: Your Problem Tree
Core Problem
Women cannot be involved in Income
Generating activities
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Avoid Prefer
There is no hospital
Farmers cannot receive appropriate medical
treatment
Technical skills are inadequate
and vehicles are in poor condition
Technical skills of train operator are
inadequate
Vehicles are in poor condition
Irrigation system Irrigation system does not work
properly
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Objective Analysis
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• Rephrase the problems (negative statements) into objectives (positive statements)
• Identify future alternatives objective (add if necessary)
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Step 3: Objectives Analysis
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A Process to change “cause-effect” relationships that were clarified in the Problem Analysis to “means-ends” relationships that would be attained in the project.
Problem Objectives
Farmers cannot receive appropriate medical treatment
Tap water is contaminated with
soil residue
Rice productivity
Is low
Farmers canreceive appropriate medical
treatment
Tap water has nocontaminated with
soil residue
Rice productivity
increases
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COREPROBLEM
Cause
Effect
Negative
COREOBLECTIVE
Positive
Means
Ends
Objective Tree
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RiceProductivity
is low
Arable land is very limited
Main facilities are not well maintained
HouseholdIncome
decrease
Farmers have to
work long hours.
Problem Tree<Negative>
Objective Tree<Positive>
CoreProblem
Irrigation systemdoes not
work properly
Traditional farming methodsAre used
FarmersDo not want
to applyfertilizers
RiceProductivity
increase
More arable land
is available
Main facilities are well
maintained
HouseholdIncomeincrease
Farmers ‘s Workload is reduced
Irrigation systemwork properly
Modern farming methods are
introduced
Farmersapply
fertilizers
CoreObjective
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1. Describe desirable situations on the cards
2. Confirm the statement whether it is realistic or not.
3. Confirm the statement whether it is feasible or not.
4. Add new cards if necessary.
5. You may not have to rewrite all the problem cards.
6. Do not become an automatic “translation machine”
Tips for Writing Objective Cards
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Exercise 3: Your Objective Tree
Core Objective
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Participants/Stakeholder Analysis
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• Identify Key Persons, groups, institutions, organizations, etc.
• Form categories, beneficiaries, implementers, partners, etc.
• Analyze the groups
• Identify consequences of project
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