Http:// Creative Commons Public Licences by F. Neri e-Photon/ONe + WP-T Meeting Summer School 2006.
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Transcript of Http:// Creative Commons Public Licences by F. Neri e-Photon/ONe + WP-T Meeting Summer School 2006.
http://www.e-photon-one.org
Creative Commons Public Licences
by F. Neri
e-Photon/ONe+
WP-T Meeting
Summer School 2006
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Copyright
• Copyright laws protect books, websites, blogs, photographs, films, videos, songs and other audio & visual materials
• Any usage of these creative works must normally be explicitly authorized by the copyright owner (“all rights reserved”)
• Creative Commons – www.creativecommons.org (“some rights reserved”): – no need for explicit request– clear legal framework– all rights preserved for copyright owner
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Related terms
• Open Access: free (= no fees) access to (electronic) information
• Public Domain: no copyright (= no ownership to be honored); CC positions between the two extremes of Copyright and Public Domain
• Common goals with free software and open source movements: foster information sharing to generate new knowledge
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Who is Creative Commons?• Creative Commons is a non-profit organization, founded in 2001 with the
support of the Center for the Public Domain. It is currently housed at offices in San Francisco.
• It is led by a Board of Directors that includes cyberlaw and intellectual property experts J. Boyle, M. Carroll, M. Shaffer Van Houweling, and L. Lessig, MIT computer science professor H. Abelson, lawyer-turned-documentary filmmaker-turned-cyberlaw expert E. Saltzman, renowned documentary filmmaker D. Guggenheim, noted Japanese entrepreneur J. Ito, and public domain web publisher E. Eldred.
• Creative Commons released in Dec. 2002 a set of copyright licenses free for public use. Taking inspiration in part from the Free Software Foundation's GNU General Public License (GNU GPL), Creative Commons has developed a Web application that helps people dedicate their creative works to the public domain – or retain their copyright while licensing them as free for certain uses, on certain conditions.
• Unlike the GNU GPL, Creative Commons licenses are not designed for software, but rather for other kinds of creative works: websites, scholarship, music, film, photography, literature, courseware, etc.
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Creative Commons Public Licenses
AttributionAttribution (always) (always)
No Commercial UseNo Commercial Use
No Derivative No Derivative WorksWorks
Share AlikeShare Alike
Basic condition: copy and distribute freely the work, with recognition of the original author(s).CC licences are free and freely usable, and not exclusive: the author is free to enter into other revenue-generating licenses in relation to his work
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Six Creative Commons Public Licenses
AttributionAttribution
Attribution-No Commercial Attribution-No Commercial UseUse
Attribution-No Commercial Attribution-No Commercial Use-Use- No Derivative No Derivative WorksWorks
Attribution-No Derivative Attribution-No Derivative WorksWorks
Attribution-Share AlikeAttribution-Share Alike
Attribution-No Commercial Attribution-No Commercial Use-Use- Share Alike Share Alike
Other CC licences were and can be created
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How are CC licences expressed?
• Creative Commons licenses are expressed in three different formats: – the Commons Deed (human-readable code)– the Legal Code (lawyer-readable code)– the metadata (machine readable code)
• The Commons Deed is a summary of the key terms of the actual license (which is the Legal Code) – basically, what others can and cannot do with the work. Think of it as the user-friendly interface to the Legal Code beneath. This Deed itself has no legal value, and its contents do not appear in the actual license
• The Legal Code is the actual license; a document (in National languages) designed to be enforced in a court of law
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How are CC licences expressed?
For e-Photon/ONe:English Legal Code
The Digital Code permits web searches of information according to the associated copyrights (already possible with Yahoo and Google)
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Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike
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Input material
• For our courseware, all used material (e.g., graphs, figures, block diagrams) must be owned by the author
• Otherwise, written permission must be obtained by the copyright owner (even if the author is the same)
• Grey area: out-of-prints, re-done figures, re-plotted graphs
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Who owns the rights?
• Either individuals (e.g., Fabio Neri) or institutions (e.g., Politecnico di Torino), depending on local (national) rules, laws, employment contract, etc.
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How to refer to CC in slides or texts?
• Explicit reference in the download page and in the cover pages or first slides, using a sentence like: “This work is licensed under the Creative Commons [insert description] License. To view a copy of this license, visit [insert url]; or send a letter to Creative Commons, 543 Howard Street, 5th Floor, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA."together with the Creative Commons logo "Some Rights Reserved" which can be found in http://creativecommons.org/policies
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An MIT OpenCourseWare page
CC logo pointing to the chosen licence (Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5)
Pointer to the Legal Notice
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Important examples of CC adoption
• OpenCourseWare project at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); all teaching material available under CC: http://ocw.mit.edu/
• Connexions project at Rice University; full e-learning offer under CC: http://cnx.org
• Public Library of Science; several medical journals in open access with growing impact factors: http://plos.org
• Other EC projects distribute courseware under CC; for example: Embedded WiSeNts (FP6 CA Project 004400)http://teachware.distlab.dk/information.html
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Applications in other domains
• telecom manufacturers: Nokia• publishers: Penguin, Fayard, O’Reilley• music: Gilberto Gil, David Byrne, Wilco• fiction writers: Cory Doctorow, Wu Ming • broadcasters: PBS (USA), BBC (UK)
Often mixed business models are used, in which some creative works are free and shareble, and other are offered in more traditional ways
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Trends
• National Institute of Health (NIIH): all papers in open access after a short period of timehttp://www.economist.com/science/displaystory.cfm?story_id=7109062
• European Commission: recent recommendation to have all papers funded by EC research programs in open access:http://www.ec.europa.eu/research/science-society/pdf/ scientific-publication-study_en.pdf
• There is a trend to extend open access to all scientific publications funded by public money
• The scientific literature will be mainly distributed on-line and in open access; publication costs will be mainly paid by authors, not by users
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More information
• CNET paper on CC: http://reviews.cnet.com/4520-3000_7-6357305.html
• CC FAQ: http://creativecommons.org/faq
• Flash animation "Get Creative":http://mirrors.creativecommons.org/getcreative/
• Reading list: http://creativecommons.org/about/legal
• "Facts Sheet" on CC: http://www.own-it.org/assets/library/documents/ creative_commons_factsheet.pdf# search=%22Own-it%20FAQ%20Creative%20Commons%22