The Subjunctive

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Mood Review

Indicative: Real action or factual information (amō)

Infinitive: Verbal Noun (amāre)

Participle: Verbal Adjective (amāns)

Imperative: Direct Command (amā)

Subjunctive:

The Subjunctive Mood

The subjunctive mood gives probable information.

Something that:Might or could happen in the futureCould have happened differentlyYou want to happen

Hypothetical / Everything Else

The Subjunctive Mood

The subjunctive can be used in independent and dependent clauses.

Independent:• Exhortation, Command• Concession•Wish• Question of Doubt• Possibility

Dependent:• Conditions• Purpose• Result• Characteristic• Time• Indirect questions and commands

The Subjunctive Mood

Good news!! The subjunctive only has four tenses:

1. Present2. Imperfect

3. Perfect4. Pluperfect

Translating

Verbs in the subjunctive DO NOT have one translation, but depend on their sentence or

clause for their translation.

[[Even this can be difficult, since the correct forms of the subjunctive in English are not

always used.]]

Forms: Present Subjunctive

To form the present subjunctive, change the stem vowel and add the normal present endings.

1 -are a e2 -ēre e ea3 -ere i a +3io -ere i ia4 -īre i ia

-m/r-s/ris-t/tur-mus/mur-tis/minī-nt/ntur

Forms: Present Subjunctive

To form the present subjunctive, change the stem vowel and add the normal present endings.

1 amet2 habeat3 currat 3io capiat4 scīat

Forms: Present Subjunctive

Active 1st (e) 2nd (ea) 3rd (a) 3rd –iō (ia) 4th (ia)

1st Sg. amem doceam agam accipiam audiam

2nd Sg. amēs doceās agās accipiās audiās

3rd Sg. amet doceat agat accipiat audiat

1st Pl. amēmus doceāmus agāmus accipiāmus

audiāmus

2nd Pl. amētis doceātis agātis accipiātis audiātis

3rd. Pl ament doceant agant accipiant audiant

She wears a diamond tiara We beat a

liar http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/images/results.aspx?qu=tiara&ex=1

http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/images/results.aspx?qu=finish+line&ex=1

Let’s eat caviar!

Forms: Present Subjunctive

To form the imperfect subjunctive, take the 2nd principal part and add your endings.

1 -are2 -ēre3 -ere +3io -ere4 -īre

-m/r-s/ris-t/tur-mus/mur-tis/minī-nt/ntur

Forms: Present Subjunctive

To form the present subjunctive, change the stem vowel and add the normal present endings.

1 amāret2 habēret3 curreret 3io caperet4 scīret

Forms: Imperfect Subjunctive

Active 1st (āre) 2nd (ēre) 3rd (ere) 3rd –iō (ere)

4th (īre)

1st Sg. amārem docērem agerem acciperem audīrem

2nd Sg. amārēs docēres agerēs acciperēs audīrēs

3rd Sg. amāret docēret ageret acciperet audīret

1st Pl. amārēmus docērēmus agerēmus acciperēmus

audīrēmus

2nd Pl. amārētis docērētis agerētis acciperētis audīrētis

3rd. Pl amārent docērent agerent acciperent audīrent

Present and Imperfect Subjunctive

It feels like you’ve just learned A TON of new forms, but really you know most of this already.

New rules for forming subjunctives: Different vowels in the present

Rules you already know Present and Imperfect endings in active and passive Imperfect subjunctive = 2nd principal part + endings