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HTTP/2 comes to Java (Dec. 2015 version)
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HTTP/2&comes&to&Java!&JCConf&Taiwan&2015
David&Delabassee&
@delabassee&
Oracle
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.*
1
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. @delabassee
Safe*Harbor*Statement
The* following* is* intended* to* outline* our* general* product* direction.* It* is* intended* for*information* purposes* only,* and*may* not* be* incorporated* into* any* contract.* It* is* not* a*commitment*to*deliver*any*material,*code,*or*functionality,*and*should*not*be*relied*upon*in*making*purchasing*decisions.*The*development,*release,*and*timing*of*any*features*or*functionality*described*for*Oracle’s*products*remains*at*the*sole*discretion*of*Oracle.
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. 3
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. @delabassee
Agenda
Why*HTTP/2?*
HTTP/2*
HTTP/2*and*Java*EE*
HTTP/2*and*Java*SE*
Summary
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. @delabassee
Agenda
Why*HTTP/2?*
HTTP/2*
HTTP/2*and*Java*SE*
HTTP/2*and*Java*EE*
Summary
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. 6 @delabassee
Data*Never*Sleeps*2.0
https://www.domo.com/learn/dataRneverRsleepsR2
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. 7 @delabassee
HTTP*1.x
1991* 1996* 1999* 2009* 2015*
HTTP/0.9*HTTP/1.0*
HTTP/1.1*SPDY*
HTTP/2.0*
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. 8 @delabassee
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. 9 @delabassee
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. 10 @delabassee
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. 11 @delabassee
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. 13 @delabassee
Today
index.html
style1.css
style2.css.&
.&
.&
script1.js
script9.js
pic1.jpg
pic8.jpg
.&
.&
.&
photo1.png
photo2.png
.&
.&
.&
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. 14 @delabassee
google.fr*(1st)*• 3*HTTP*Requests*• 21.355*bytes*
- 1*HTML*
- 1*image*
- 1*.js
Top*.FR*examples
lefigaro.fr*(15th)*• 140*HTTP*Requests*• 2.736.562*bytes*
- 1*HTML*
- 130*images*
- 6*.js*- 2*.css*
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. 15 @delabassee
• If*a*page*takes*longer*than*4*sec*to*load,*1/4*people*abandons*that*page*(1)*• 57%*of*consumers*will*abandon*a*page*that*takes*longer*than*3*sec*to*load*(2)*
• Page*load*slowdown*of*1*sec*could*cost*Amazon*$1.6*billion*in*sales*a*year*(1)*
• Slowing*search*results*by*0.4*sec,*Google*could*lose*8*million*searches*per*day*(1)
Latency*Vs.*Conversion*RateTime&is&Money!
(1)*http://www.fastcompany.com/1825005/howRoneRsecondRcouldRcostRamazonR16RbillionRsales*(2)*RadView*Spring*2015*State*of*the*Union:*Ecommerce*Page*Speed*&*Web*Performance
@delabasseeCopyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.
HTTP*1.1HeadCofCLine&blocking
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Client Server
index.htmlindex.html
style1.css*script.js*
...style1.css*script.js*
...
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. 17 @delabassee
HTTP*1.1
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. 18 @delabassee
File*Concatenation*and*Image*Sprites
• Modern*web*page*consists*of*+90*resources*fetched*from*15*distinct*hosts*(http://httparchive.org)*• TCP*Efficiency*Improves*with*Larger*Files*• Shoving*more*than*one*logical*file*into*one*physical*file
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. 19 @delabassee
File*Concatenation*and*Image*Sprites
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. 20 @delabassee
HTTP*1.1Workaround&C&Domain&Sharding
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. 21 @delabassee
Asset*inlining
…*<img"src="data:image/gif;base64,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…”"/>"…
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. 22 @delabassee
• HTTP*uses*TCP*poorly*- HTTP:*short*and*bursty*flows*Vs.*TCP:*optimized*for*longRlived*flows*
• Solutions*- Sprites*- Domain*sharding*- Assets*Inlining*- File*concatenations*- …
HTTP/1.1*circa*1999Problems&Vs&Solutions
1991& 1996& 1999& 2009& 2015&
HTTP/0.9&
HTTP/1.0&
HTTP/1.1&
SPDY&
HTTP/2.0&
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. @delabassee
Agenda
Why*HTTP/2?*
HTTP/2*
HTTP/2*and*Java*SE*
HTTP/2*and*Java*EE*
Summary
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. @delabassee
HTTP/2
• Jan*2015*• Feb*2015*• May*2015
24
Enabled*by*default*in*FireFox*(35)*and*Chrome*(40)*IESG*approved*HTTP/2*HTTP/2*in*10%*of*all*HTTP*responses*(FireFox)*HTTP/2*used*in*18%*of*global*traffic*(Google)*RFC*7540**“Hypertext*Transfer*Protocol*Version*2”*RFC*7541**“HPACK:*Header*Compression*for*HTTP/2”**
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. 25 @delabassee
Browsers*support…&as&of&November&2015
http://caniuse.com/http2*
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.* @delabassee26
HTTP/2*Features
• Binary*Framing*over*single*TCP*connection*• Request/Response*multiplexing*• Stream*Prioritization*• Server*Push*• Upgrade*from*HTTP*1.1*• Header*Compression*• Preserve*HTTP*semantic
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.* @delabassee26
HTTP/2*Features
• Binary*Framing*over*single*TCP*connection*• Request/Response*multiplexing*• Stream*Prioritization*• Server*Push*• Upgrade*from*HTTP*1.1*• Header*Compression*• Preserve*HTTP*semantic
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. 27 @delabassee
HTTP/2
• Fully*biRdirectional*– ConnectionA*TCP*socket*–Message* A*logical*HTTP*message,*such*as*a*request*or*a*response**– Stream A*biRdirectional*“channel”*within*a*connection,*carry*one*or*more*message*– FrameThe*smallest*unit*of*communication*in*HTTP/2
Lets&you&do&more&things&with&a&single&TCP&connection
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. 28 @delabassee
HTTP/2Connections,&Streams,&Messages,&Frames
@delabasseeCopyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.
Binary*Frames
• Frames*- HEADERS,*DATA,*PRIORITY,*RST_STREAM,*SETTINGS,*PUSH_PROMISE,*PING,*GOAWAY,*WINDOW_UPDATE,*CONTINUATION*- Prioritisation,*Flow*Control,*Server*Push,*…**
• Single*TCP*Connection
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POST*/upload*HTTP/1.1*Host:*www.test.com*ContentRType:*application/json*ContentRLength:*15*
{“name”:“duke”}
HTTP&1.1 HTTP/2
HEADERS&frame
DATA&frame
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. 30 @delabassee
HTTP/2*Binary*Framing
GET*/index.html*HTTP/1.1Host:*example.comAccept:*text/html
Example&1
HEADERS ****+*END_STREAM ****+*END_HEADERS ********:method:*GET********:scheme:*http********:path:*/index.html ********:authority:*example.org********accept:*text/html
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. 31 @delabassee
HTTP/2*Binary*Framing
HTTP/1.1*200*OKContentRLength:*84ContentRType:*text/html <!doctype*html>*<head>*<meta*charset=utfR8>*</head>*<body>Hello*World</body>*</html>
Example&2
HEADERS ****R*END_STREAM****+*END_HEADERS ********:status:*200********contentRlength:*84********contentRtype:*text/html DATA****+*END_STREAM <!doctype*html>…
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. 32 @delabassee
Multiplexing
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. 33 @delabassee
Stream*Prioritization
• Stream*Dependency*in*HEADERS*Frame*• PRIORITY*frame*type*• An*additional*40*bytes*- Stream*id*(31)*- Weight*(8):*[1,*256]**- Exclusive*bit*(1)*
• Only*an*advice
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. @delabassee#HTTP/2
Server*Push
/index.html***stream*1*/style.css********stream*2*/logo.gif*********stream*4
Client Server
stream&1&
HEADERS
stream&1&
DATA
stream&2&&&&
PROMISE
stream&4&
PROMISE
• No*JavaScript*API!
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. 35 @delabassee
Header*CompressionHPack
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. 36 @delabassee
Upgrade*from*HTTP*1.1
• HTTP*- Port*80*- HTTP*Upgrade*to*“h2c”*(101*Switching*Protocol)*
• HTTPS*(*)*- Application*Layer*Protocol*Negotiation*(ALPN)*- Next*Protocol*Negotiation*(NPN)*
(*)*TLS*is*not*mandatory
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. @delabassee37
&Demo?
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. @delabassee
Agenda
Why*HTTP/2?*
HTTP/2*
HTTP/2*and*Java*SE*
HTTP/2*and*Java*EE*
Summary
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. @delabassee
Java*9*Support*for*HTTP/2• JEP*110*- http://openjdk.java.net/jeps/110*
• Supports*both*HTTP*1.1*and*2*• Easy*to*use*API*• Covers*only*the*most*common*use*cases*• Synchronous*&*Asynchronous
39#HTTP/2
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. @delabassee
Java*9
HttpClient"client"="HttpClient.create()"" """"""""""""""""""""""""""".sslContext(ctx)"" """"""""""""""""""""""""""".followRedirects(HttpRedirect.ALWAYS)""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""".executorService(…)"" """"""""""""""""""""""""""".build();"
HttpRequest.Builder"builder"="client.request(new"URI(target))""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""".body(noBody());"
HttpResponse"response"="builder.GET().send();"//"do"something"with"the"response…"
40
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. @delabassee
Java*9//"HttpRequest"builder"from"the"default"HttpClient"HttpResponse"response"="HttpRequest.create(new"URI("http://www.abc.be"))"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""".send(HttpRequest.noBody());"
String"responseBody"="response.body(HttpResponse.asString());"
response"="HttpRequest.create(new"URI("http://www.abc.be"))""""""""""""""""""""""".body(fromString("param1=Abc"))""""""""""""""""""""""".post()AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA.send();"…
41
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. @delabassee
Java*9HttpClient"cl"="HttpClient.create()""""""""""""""""""""""""""".proxy("http",proxAd).proxy("https","proxAd)""""""""""""""""""""""""""".sslContext(ctx)""""""""""""""""""""""""""".build();"
CompletableFuture<String>"compFut"="cl.request(uri)"" " " " " " " " "".body(noBody())"" """"""""""""""""""""""".GET()"" """"""""""""""""""""""".sendAsync()""""""""""""""""""""""""""".thenCompose((HttpResponse"response)"l>"{"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""return"response.bodyAsync(asString());"""""""""""""""""""""""""""});"
String"body"="compFut.get(5,"TimeUnit.SECONDS);"…
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Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. @delabassee
Agenda
Why*HTTP/2?*
HTTP/2*
HTTP/2*and*Java*SE*
HTTP/2*and*Java*EE*
Summary
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. 44 @delabassee
• Request/Response*multiplexing*• Binary*Framing*• Stream*Prioritization*• Server*Push*• Header*Compression*• Upgrade*from*HTTP*1.1*– ALPN*– 101*Switching*Protocols
HTTP/2
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. 45 @delabassee
• Request/Response*Multiplexing*• Binary*Framing*• Stream*Prioritization*• Server*Push*• Header*Compression*• Upgrade*from*HTTP*1.1*– ALPN*– 101*Switching*Protocols
Features&to&be&Exposed&in&the&Servlet&API
Servlet*4
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. 46 @delabassee
• Push*resource*to*client*for*a*given*url*and*headers*• May*add*callback*for*completion*or*error*of*a*push*• Not*a*replacement*for*WebSocket
Servlet*4.0*R*Server*Push
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved.
PushBuilderAbuilder = baseRequest.getPushBuilder(); builder.addHeader(“X-Pusher", …); builder.path(aResource) .etag(associated._etag) .lastModified(associated._lastModified) .push();
47
Server*Push
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. @delabassee
Agenda
Why*HTTP/2?*
HTTP/2*
HTTP/2*and*Java*SE*
HTTP/2*and*Java*EE*
Summary
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. @delabassee
HTTP/2
• Address*the*Limitations*of*HTTP*1.x*- Improve*ressources*utilization,*performance,*reduce*latency*
• “Compatible”*with*HTTP*1.1*- Retain*HTTP*1.1*semantics*
- Define*interaction*with*HTTP*1.1*- Undo*your*HTTP*1.1*tricks!!*
• “TLS0not0mandatory”
49
Hypertext&Transfer&Protocol&version&2&&&HPACK
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. @delabassee
HTTP/2*and*Java
• JEP*110*brings*HTTP/2*to*Java*SE*• Servlet*4.0*brings*HTTP/2*to*Java*EE*- Expose*key*features*to*the*API*• Server*Push*• HTTP*1.1*upgrade*
• Timing*TBC!
50
Plans
Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. @delabassee51
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Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. @delabassee
Resources*(and*credits)
• http://http2.github.io*• http://chimera.labs.oreilly.com/books/1230000000545/ch12.html*• https://java.net/projects/servletRspec/*• http://glassfish.org/adoptajsr*• http://openjdk.java.net/jeps/110
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Copyright*©*2015,*Oracle*and/or*its*affiliates.*All*rights*reserved. 53