Html Workshop

What is HTML?• HTML is a language for describing web pages.

• HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language

• HTML is a markup language

• A markup language is a set of markup tags

• The tags describe document content

• HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text

• HTML documents are also called web pages

HTML Tags• HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags• HTML tags are keywords (tag names) surrounded by angle

brackets like <html>• HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>• The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is

the end tag• The end tag is written like the start tag, with a forward

slash before the tag name• Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing

tags

<tagname> content </tagname>

HTML Elements"HTML tags" and "HTML elements" are often used to describe the same thing.But strictly speaking:

HTML element is everything between the start tag and the end tag, including the tags:

HTML Element:

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

Web BrowsersThe purpose of a web browser (such as Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari) is to read HTML documents and display them as web pages.

The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to determine how the content of the HTML page is to be presented/displayed to the user:

HTML Structure

HTML <!DOCTYPE> DeclarationThe <!DOCTYPE> declaration must be the very first thing in your HTML document, before the <html> tag.

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration is not an HTML tag; it is an instruction to the web browser about what version of HTML the page is written in.

Always add the <!DOCTYPE> declaration to your HTML documents, so that the browser knows what type of document to expect.

The <!DOCTYPE> tag does not have an end tag.The <!DOCTYPE> declaration is NOT case sensitive.

Save Your HTML?When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html file extension. There is no difference.

<!DOCTYPE html><html>

<head></head><body>

<h1> My First Heading. </h1><p> My First Paragraph. </p>

</body></html>

HTML HeadingsHTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.

<h1>This is a heading</h1> <h4>This is a heading</h4><h2>This is a heading</h2> <h5>This is a heading</h5><h3>This is a heading</h3> <h6>This is a heading</h6>

HTML ParagraphsHTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

HTML LinksHTML links are defined with the <a> tag.

<a href="http://www.google.com"> This is a link </a>

HTML ImagesHTML images are defined with the <img> tag..

<img src=“http://www.tumo.org/templates/shaper_social/images/tumologosite2.png" width="104" height="142">

HTML ElementsAn HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:

• The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag.• Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags.• The end tag is written like the start tag, with a forward slash before the tag name.• The element content is everything between the start and the end tag.• Some HTML elements have empty content.• Empty elements are closed in the start tag.• Most HTML elements can have attributes.

Use Lowercase TagsHTML tags are not case sensitive:(W3C) recommends lowercase.

Empty HTML ElementsHTML elements with no content are called empty elements.<br> is an empty element without a closing tag.<br> tag defines a line break.

HTML AttributesAttributes provide additional information about HTML elements.

Attributes are always specified in the start tag.

Attributes come in name/value pairs like: name="value“

Attribute values should always be enclosed in quotes.

Attribute names and attribute values are case-insensitive.

<a href="http://google.com">This is a link</a>

HTML Headings

Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.

<h1> defines the most important heading.

<h6> defines the least important heading.

Use HTML headings for headings only. Don't use headings to make text BIG or bold.

Search engines use your headings to index the structure and content of your web pages.

Any given HTML document can only ever have one <h1> heading, however there are no

restrictions on how many of the other levels of headings you can use.

Don’t confuse the concept of HTML headings with the the <head> element.

HTML LinesThe <hr> tag creates a horizontal line in an HTML page.

<p>This is a paragraph.</p><hr><p>This is a paragraph.</p>

HTML CommentsComments can be inserted into the HTML code to make it more readable and understandable. Comments are ignored by the browser and are not displayed..

HTML Line BreaksUse the <br> tag if you want a line break without starting a new paragraph:The <br> element is an empty HTML element. It has no end tag.

<p>This is <br> a para <br> graph with line breaks </p>

HTML ParagraphsParagraphs are defined with the <p> tag.

<p>This is a paragraph </p>

HTML Text Formatting<p><b>This text is bold</b></p>

<p><strong>This text is strong</strong></p>

<p><i>This text is italic</i></p>

<p><em>This text is emphasized</em></p>

<p><code>This is computer output</code></p>

<p>This is <sub> subscript</sub> and <sup> superscript </sup></p>

<p>Do not forget to buy <mark>milk</mark> today.</p>

Often <strong> renders as <b>, and <em> renders as <i>.However, there is a difference in the meaning of these tags: <b> or <i> defines bold or italic text only.<strong> or <em> means that you want the text to be rendered in a way that the user understands as "important".

HTML LinksA hyperlink (or link) is a word, group of words, or image that you can click on to jump to another document.

When you move the cursor over a link in a Web page, the arrow will turn into a little hand.

The most important attribute of the <a> element is the href attribute, which indicates the link’s destination.

The href attribute specifies the destination of a link.

<a href="url">Link text</a>

HTML Links - The target AttributeThe target attribute specifies where to open the linked document.

The example below will open the linked document in a new browser window or a new tab:

<a href="http://www.google.com/" target="_blank">Visit W3Schools!</a>

_blank Opens the linked document in a new window or tab

_self Opens the linked document in the same frame as it was clicked (this is default)

HTML Links - The id AttributeThe id attribute can be used to create a bookmark inside an HTML document.Bookmarks are not displayed in any special way. They are invisible to the readers.

An anchor with an id inside an HTML document:<a id="tips">Useful Tips Section</a>

Create a link to the "Useful Tips Section" inside the same document:<a href="#tips">Visit the Useful Tips Section</a>

Or, create a link to the "Useful Tips Section" from another page:<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/html_links.htm#tips">Visit the Useful Tips Section</a>

The HTML <head> ElementThe <head> element is a container for all the head elements.

Elements inside <head> can include scripts, instruct the browser where to find style sheets, provide meta information, and more.

The following tags can be added to the head section:

<title> <style><meta> <link><script><noscript>

The HTML <title> ElementThe <title> tag defines the title of the document.

The <title> element:• defines a title in the browser toolbar• provides a title for the page when it is added to favorites• displays a title for the page in search-engine results

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head>

<title>Title of the document</title></head>

<body>The content of the document......

</body></html>

The HTML <link> ElementThe <link> tag defines the relationship between a document and an external resource.

The <link> tag is most used to link to style sheets:

<head> <link rel="stylesheet“ type="text/css“ href="mystyle.css"></head>

The HTML <style> ElementThe <style> tag is used to define style information for an HTML document.

Inside the <style> element you specify how HTML elements should render in a browser:

<head><style type="text/css">

body {background-color:yellow;}p {color:blue;}

</style></head>

The HTML <meta> ElementMetadata is information about data.

The <meta> tag provides metadata about the HTML document. Metadata will not be displayed on the page, but will be machine parsable.

Meta elements are typically used to specify page description, keywords, author of the document, last modified, and other metadata.

The metadata can be used by browsers (how to display content or reload page), search engines (keywords), or other web services.

<meta name="keywords" content="HTML, CSS, XML, XHTML, JavaScript">

<meta name="description" content="Free Web tutorials on HTML and CSS">

<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="30">

HTML ImagesIn HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag.

The <img> tag is empty, which means that it contains attributes only, and has no closing tag.

To display an image on a page, you need to use the src attribute. Src stands for "source". The value of the src attribute is the URL of the image you want to display.

<img src=“URL“ alt=“some_text”>

HTML Images - The Alt AttributeThe required alt attribute specifies an alternate text for an image, if the image cannot be displayed.

The alt attribute provides alternative information for an image if a user for some reason cannot view it (because of slow connection, an error in the src attribute, or if the user uses a screen reader).

HTML Images - Set Height and Width of an ImageThe height and width attributes are used to specify the height and width of an image.The attribute values are specified in pixels by default:

<img src="pulpit.jpg" alt="Pulpit rock" width="304" height="228">

HTML TablesTables are defined with the <table> tag.

A table is divided into rows (with the <tr> tag), and each row is divided into data cells (with the <td> tag).

<td> stands for "table data," and holds the content of a data cell. A <td> tag can contain text, links, images, lists, forms, other tables, etc.

<table border="1"><tr>

<td>row 1, cell 1</td><td>row 1, cell 2</td>

</tr><tr>

<td>row 2, cell 1</td><td>row 2, cell 2</td>

</tr></table>

HTML Tables and the Border AttributeIf you do not specify a border attribute, the table will be displayed without borders. Sometimes this can be useful, but most of the time, we want the borders to show.

To display a table with borders, specify the border attribute:

HTML Table HeadersHeader information in a table are defined with the <th> tag.All major browsers display the text in the <th> element as bold and centered.

<table border="1"><tr>

<th>Header 1</th><th>Header 2</th>

</tr><tr><td>row 1, cell 1</td><td>row 1, cell 2</td>

</tr><tr><td>row 2, cell 1</td><td>row 2, cell 2</td>

</tr></table>

HTML Table TagsTag Description

<table> Defines a table

<th> Defines a header cell in a table

<tr> Defines a row in a table

<td> Defines a cell in a table

<caption> Defines a table caption

<colgroup> Specifies a group of one or more columns in a table for formatting

<col> Specifies column properties for each column within a <colgroup> element

<thead> Groups the header content in a table

<tbody> Groups the body content in a table

<tfoot> Groups the footer content in a table

HTML ListsThe most common HTML lists are ordered and unordered lists:

Unordered ListsAn unordered list starts with the <ul> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.The list items are marked with bullets (typically small black circles).

<ul><li>Coffee</li><li>Milk</li>

</ul>

Ordered ListsAn ordered list starts with the <ol> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.The list items are marked with numbers.

<ol><li>Coffee</li><li>Milk</li>

</ol>

HTML Description ListsA description list is a list of terms/names, with a description of each term/name.The <dl> tag defines a description list.

The <dl> tag is used in conjunction with <dt> (defines terms/names) and <dd> (describes each term/name):

<dl> <dt>Coffee</dt>

<dd>- black hot drink</dd> <dt>Milk</dt>

<dd>- white cold drink</dd></dl>

HTML List TagsTag Description

<ol> Defines an ordered list

<ul> Defines an unordered list

<li> Defines a list item

<dl> Defines a description list

<dt> Defines a term/name in a description list

<dd> Defines a description of a term/name in a description list

HTML Block ElementsBlock level elements normally start (and end) with a new line when displayed in a browser.Examples: <h1>, <p>, <ul>, <table>

HTML Inline ElementsInline elements are normally displayed without starting a new line.Examples: <b>, <td>, <a>, <img>

Most HTML elements are defined as block level elements or as inline elements.

The HTML <div> ElementThe HTML <div> element is a block level element that can be used as a container for grouping other HTML elements.

The <div> tag is used to group block-elements to format them with CSS. The <div> element has no special meaning. Except that, because it is a block level element, the browser will display a line break before and after it.Most common use of the <div> element, is for document layout.

The HTML <span> ElementThe HTML <span> element is an inline element that can be used as a container for text.The <span> tag is used to group inline-elements in a document.The <span> element has no special meaning.The <span> tag provides no visual change by itself.The <span> tag is used to group inline-elements in a document.

<p>My mother has <span style="color:blue;">blue</span> eyes.</p>

HTML FormsHTML forms are used to pass data to a server.

An HTML form can contain input elements like: text fields, checkboxes, radio-buttons, submit buttons and more.

A form can also contain select lists, textarea, fieldset, legend, and label elements.

<form>…input elements…

</form>

HTML Forms - The Input ElementThe most important form element is the <input> element.

The <input> tag specifies an input field where the user can enter data.

<input> elements are used within a <form> element to declare input controls that allow users to input data.

An <input> element can vary in many ways, depending on the type attribute.An <input> element can be of type text field, checkbox, password, radio button, submit button, and more.

The <input> element is empty, it contains attributes only.

Text Filed<input type="text"> defines a one-line input field that a user can enter text into:The default width of a text field is 20 characters.

The name attribute can be set to anything you like as long as it is unique in the form

<form>First name: <input type="text" name="firstname"> <br>Last name: <input type="text" name="lastname">

</form>

Password Filed<input type="password"> defines a password field:The characters in a password field are masked (shown as asterisks or circles).

<form>Password: <input type="password" name="pwd">

</form>

Radio Buttons<input type="radio"> defines a radio button. Radio buttons let a user select ONLY ONE of a limited number of choices:HTML radio buttons are created by using several <input type=“radio”> buttons, all with the same name, but with different values.

<form><input type="radio" name="sex" value="male"> Male<br><input type="radio" name="sex" value="female"> Female

</form>

Checkboxes<input type="checkbox"> defines a checkbox. Checkboxes let a user select ZERO or MORE options of a limited number of choices.names of different elements can be different.

<form><input type=“checkbox" name=“vehicle" value=“Bike"> I have a bike<br><input type=“checkbox" name=“vehicle" value=“Car"> I have a car

</form>

Submit Buttons<input type=“submit"> defines a submit button.

A submit button is used to send form data to a server.The data is sent to the page specified in the form's action attribute.

The file defined in the action attribute usually does something with the received input:

<form name="input" action="html_form_action.asp" method="get">

Username: <input type="text" name="user">

<input type="submit" value="Submit">

</form>

ButtonDefines a clickable button (mostly used with a JavaScript to activate a script)

<html> <head>

<script> function msg() { alert("Hello world!"); }</script>

</head><body>

<form><input type="button" value="Click me" onclick="msg()">

</form> <p>The button above activates a JavaScript when it is clicked.</p>

</body></html>

HTML <button> Tag

<!DOCTYPE html><html><body>

<button type="button" onclick="alert('Hello world!')">Click Me!

</button> </body></html>

Inside a <button> element you can put content, like text or images. This is the difference between this element and buttons created with the <input> element.

Tip: Always specify the type attribute for a <button> element. Different browsers use different default types for the <button> element.

<Label> tagThe “<label>” element is used to create labels for input elements.

The <label> element does not render as anything special for the user. However, it provides a usability improvement for mouse users, because if the user clicks on the text within the <label> element, it toggles the control.

The for attribute of the <label> tag should be equal to the id attribute of the related element to bind them together.

<form action="demo_form.asp">

<label for="male">Male</label>

<input type="radio" name="sex" id="male" value="male"><br>

<label for="female">Female</label>

<input type="radio" name="sex" id="female" value="female"><br>

<input type="submit" value="Submit">

</form>

Value Description

Color New Defines a color picker

Date New Defines a date control (year, month and day (no time))

datetime Defines a date and time control (year, month, day, hour, minute,)

datetime-local New Defines a date and time control (year, month, day, hour, minute, second, and fraction of a second (no time zone)

Email New Defines a field for an e-mail address

Image Defines an image as the submit button

Month New Defines a month and year control (no time zone)

Number New Defines a field for entering a number

Range New Defines a control for entering a number whose exact value is not important (like a slider control)

Reset Defines a reset button (resets all form values to default values)

Search Defines a text field for entering a search string

Tel New Defines a field for entering a telephone number

Time New Defines a control for entering a time (no time zonze)

Url New Defines a field for entering a URL

Week New Defines a week and year control (no time zone)

HTML <input> type Attribute ValuesText, Button, checkbox, password, radio, submit, file

<option> TagThe <option> tag defines an option in a select list.<option> elements go inside a <select> element.

<select> <option value="volvo">Volvo</option> <option value="saab">Saab</option> <option value="opel">Opel</option> <option value="audi">Audi</option></select>

AttributesAttribute Value Description

disabled disabled Specifies that an option should be disabled

label text Specifies a shorter label for an option

selected selected Specifies that an option should be pre-selected when the page loads

value text Specifies the value to be sent to a server

HTML IframesAn iframe is used to display a web page within a web page.

The URL points to the location of the separate page.

<iframe src="URL"></iframe>

Iframe – Set Height and WidthThe height and width attributes are used to specify the height and width of the iframe.

The attribute values are specified in pixels by default, but they can also be in percent (like "80%").

<iframe src="demo_iframe.htm" width="200" height="200"></iframe>

Iframe – Remove the borderThe frameborder attribute specifies whether or not to display a border around the iframe.

Set the attribute value to "0" to remove the border:

<iframe src="demo_iframe.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe>

Iframe – as a Target for a linkAn iframe can be used as the target frame for a link.

The target attribute of a link must refer to the name attribute of the iframe:

<iframe src="demo_iframe.htm" name="iframe_a"></iframe>

<p><a href="http://www.w3schools.com" target="iframe_a">

W3Schools.com</a></p>

HTML EntitiessSome characters are reserved in HTML.It is not possible to use the less than (<) or greater than (>) signs in your text, because the browser will mix them with tags.To actually display reserved characters, we must use character entities in the HTML source code.Entity names are case sensitive! Result Description Entity Name Entity Number

non-breaking space

< less than < <

> greater than > >

& ampersand & &

¢ cent ¢ ¢

£ pound £ £

¥ yen ¥ ¥

€ euro € €

§ section § §

© copyright © ©

® registered trademark ® ®

™ trademark ™ ™

Html Workshop

Education

Transcript of Html Workshop