荀子Hsun TzuXunziXun kwuangXun Quing

趙國 趙國

趙國

Born:Zhao310 BCE

趙國 趙國

Studied杞

His post ended when his patron was assassinated in 283 BCE

Ends his chances to put his theories of government into practice

秦朝

韓 非

李斯

荀子

秦始皇

Hsun Tzu Qin Shi Huang

Li Si Han Feizi

VS

Influence

THE WAY

Way was first pointed out by particularly wise and gifted people he calls sages.

Sages - a common term for an exemplar in early Chinese thought

How the first sages discovered the Way?

without the people who have gone before to leave markers, those coming after would have no way of knowing where the deep places are, and they would be in danger of drowning.

•does not get involved in human affairs.•much like Nature: it acts as it always does, neither helping the good or harming the bad.

HEAVEN

•reward good kings with peace and prosperity•punish tyrants by having them deposedThese results come about through their

own good or bad decisions.

HEAVENDOES NOT:

HEAVENFAVOR DISPLEASURE

good harvest and sufficient

food

eclipse and floods

wise agriculture

simply happens

Worrying about Heaven’s favor is a waste of time; it is better to be prepared for whatever might happen.There will be some natural disasters, but if one is prepared they will not cause harm.

孟子

荀子

Hsun Tzu Mencius

Human nature is originally evil.

Human nature is originally good.

REFORM DEVELOP

Society and culture bring

about goodness!

Society and culture bring about evil!

Anyone can be a sage because of his or her

innate intelligence and educability

Anyone can be a sage because of his or her

innate goodness

Questions on how to show that is human are born evil they can

become good.

Goodness comes about as the result of social

organization and culture.

Social organization and culture come as the result of :•the way to live better, and•the need to overcome other creatures.

•people cannot provide the goods needed to live, let alone to live well, except through the cooperation of other persons•people cannot make themselves secure from the various creatures and forces of nature without mutual cooperation

Questions on how does social organization bring about

goodness.

Social organization requires rules of conduct, and following those rules brings about goodness.

People are born with desires, some of which are ordinarily satisfied. When desires remain unsatisfied people strive for their satisfaction.

And when many persons are striving for their satisfaction of their conflicting desires without rules or limits , there is contention and strife which brings about disorder. This is harmful to every one.

By this line of reasoning, moral goodness is brought about as a result of the regulation of human conduct required for social living.

Both lines of argument given by Hsun Tzu emphasize the goodness is the result of

human creation, either through the employment of intelligence or through the making of distinctions in the social sphere. He differs from Confucius in distinguishing between goodness and intelligence and in stressing the actual evil present in nature.

谢谢

xie xie