HSP 3M - Unit 3 Social Institutions Ms. Pannell Bain, C.M., & Colyer, J.S. (2001). The Human way....
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Transcript of HSP 3M - Unit 3 Social Institutions Ms. Pannell Bain, C.M., & Colyer, J.S. (2001). The Human way....
HSP 3M - Unit 3
Social Institutions
Ms. PannellBain, C.M., & Colyer, J.S. (2001). The Human way. Toronto: Oxford University Press
PART 2
The Nature of Work
Questions: The Nature of Work Why do some love their jobs, while others
hate them?
Why do some people choose to be self-employed?
Why do some people accept work at dead-end jobs, while others ambitiously pursue top positions?
The Nature of Work
Personal fulfillment is the top priority for workers in Canada
Only 1 in 4 workers work just to make money
With industrialization, workers experience alienation (Karl Marx) Workers feel disconnected from their labour (Cannot be
creative or take pride in the finished product) Employers not responsible for worker’s job satisfaction
The Language of Work - Values Many cultures have no word for “work” (Kimbrell, 1999, 2)
It is so integrated into family and community life that it does not need a word of its own
Pre-industrial economies
Job is a piece of work done for hire or profit (dictionary defin) Good job: well-paying, secure, skilled Original meaning (definition): to describe a criminal or demeaning action –
“bank job”
When the Industrial Revolution began, the concept of working for wages was both new and contemptible. Many resented being forced from traditional farming or cottage industries into factories. This was demeaning
Factory workers were the first to use the term ‘job’ to describe factory wage labour
Language of work continued
JOB
Cottage industry - CRAFT
No creativity, never see a product through from beginning to end
Get to exercise creativity, developyour skill, take pride in your work and product and see a product from beginning to end
demeaning Satisfying
Language of Work continued
How can we proclaim through our vocabulary the sense of dignity and fulfillment that we hope to find in work?
Career? “rapid and unrestrained
activity”
Language of Work continued
Kimbrell in an Utne Reader article (1999) suggest a revival of the term
vocation
Extend these terms and their meaning to “Job”
Job “profession of deeply felt values”
Vocation: from the Latin vocatio, meaning “calling”. Today remains mostly limited to the pursuit of religious lifeThose who answer a religious calling make a profession
Our work / job should be a profession of deeply held values…. If this were to happen, a number of changes would occur in the
workplace:
Physical and mental needs of workers would become more important than efficiency
Labour unions focus more on quality of life in the workplace than wage increases
More people would opt for self-employment
Companies would transfer and relocate people less
Better legislation around health care, vacations, minimum wage, part-time working, paid leave for family reasons
Mentoring programs to help young people select professions
How far is Canada’s current employment scene from this ideal?
How far is Canada’s current employment scene from this ideal?
PART 3
Post Industrial Employment Patterns
Canada’s Economic Sectors
Primary Sector(extract resources)
Secondary Sector
Manufacturing (Turning raw
materialsInto goods)
Tertiary Sector(provide services)
As nations Industrialize theImportance of thePrimary sector declines
Growth of the tertiarysector coincides with an information revolution to create a post-industrial global economy
The New Economy2 conflicting viewpoints predicted The Optimist! The Doubtful theorist!
In a “Wired”, borderless, global economy
Productivity and employmentLevels will be HIGH
Prices and unemploymentwill be LOW
Emergence of a cut-throatcompetitive global
economy controlled by a Few large, profit driven
Multinational corporations
Accountable to only theirshareholders
Contribute to widening theGap between the ‘have’ and
‘have-not’
Keep these views in mind while analyzing how the ‘new economy’ affects Canadian workers
The New Economy – Technology Trends
Automation of factories (computers / robotics) in the 1980s caused huge layoffs of minimally skilled clerical and assembly line workers
Outcome: 2-fold1. Productivity has increased while costs have decreased (a possible good
thing!)
2. Unemployment has increased (a not-so-good thing!)
It is doubtful that technology will ever create as much employment as it takes away
New trend – telecommuting - New work options (at home using the web)
The New Economy – Economic Trends Increased international trade and competition
Unrestricted movement of capital, management and labour – controlled by international trade organization and agreements (WTO) (NAFTA) Loosed trade barriers between nations, loosened ties between
employers and employees
Resulted in:1. Downsizing – laying off of workers permanently (in order to
become more competitive)
2. Relocating to countries where labour is cheaper
New Economy – Employment Trends Most job creation since the 1980s has been
in service sector
Part-time, temporary, short term contract and lower pay, little to no union representation
Self-employment has grown In 1997, 2.5 million Canadians or 16% of labour force
Resulted in a shift in traditional ‘career paths’
Career PathsFoot and Stoffman (1998)
1. Linear1. Get an as much
education as possible,
2. Find an entry level job
3. Work your way up the ‘ladder’ to senior management
4. Stay with the same company whole working life
Get an education
Find an entry level job
Work your Way up the ladder
Stay with the companyYour whole career
Career PathsFoot and Stoffman (1998)
2. Steady-state
One occupation for life Doctors, professor, clergy, teacher More of a “calling” Goals may include autonomy, fringe benefits, social status
and tenure
Career PathsFoot and Stoffman (1998)
3. Spiral Employee might
move up in a corporate structure through a combination of lateral moves (changes in job description) and linear promotions
May be within the same organization or not
Jr. Policy AdvisorEnviron. Can
Jr. Policy AdvisorHealth Can.
Sen. PolicyAdvisor N.R.Can.
Sen. PolicyTreasury Board
ManagerHeritage Canada
DirectorEnviro. Can
Director GeneralEnviro. Can
AssistantDeputy MinisterEnviro. Can
Career PathsFoot and Stoffman (1998)
4. Transitory
Traditionally have pursued whatever occupation is necessary to get a job
Can be highly skilled specialists (programmers) or unskilled service providers (bike couriers)
Work on short-term contracts for many organizations
May be part of a pool of experts called on when needed
Spiral and Transitory are the 2 fastest growing career paths
Future Trends
Many career changes
Expected to upgrade skills regularly
Service sector boom Health care as baby boomers age Education as workers continuously upgrade skills
Flexible working conditions Telecommuting, flexible hours Slower more gradual retirement