HSDPA Technology Training_slides

8/2/2019 HSDPA Technology Training_slides

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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 1

High Speed Downlink Packet Access(HSDPA)

Reiner Stuhlfauth

Training Centre, Rohde & Schwarz


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Motivation:

Release 99 Capabilities for Downlink Packet DataFocus of HSDPA


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Motivation

Release 99 Capabilities for Downlink Packet Data

WCDMA release 99 supports:

Quality of service Multimedia services

Peak data rates of up to (theoretically) 2 Mbps

10 ms frame size

Packet data transmission via

Dedicated channels

RACH/FACH channels

Downlink shared channel (DSCH) Notimplemented

in products

Only for small

packets

Limited

efficiency


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Motivation

Release 99 Functional Split

Drift

RNC

ServingRNC

MSC

SGSN

RNC = Radio Network Controller

SGSN = Serving GPRS Support Node

MSC = Mobile Switching Center

IubIur Iu

Fast power control

Overload control

Admission control

Initial power and SIR setting Radio resource reservation

Air interface scheduling for common channels

Downlink code allocation

Overload control

Mapping RAB QoS parameters into air interface

Air interface scheduling for dedicated channels

Handover control

Outer loop power control and power balancing

Radio network topology

hidden to core network


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Motivation

Focus of HSDPA

HSDPA is a 3GPP release 5 feature for UMTS FDD/TDD.

Main focus: Enhancements for downlink packet data

Background Services

email delivery, file download, telematics Interactive Services

web browsing, data base retrieval, server access

Streaming Services

audio/video streaming

Mobility: 0-30 km/h (pedestrian low speed vehicular)


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Motivation

Reduced Costs and Higher Revenue

Attract new subscribers

due to new servicesDecreased costs per bit

for the operator

Downlink peak

data rates

up to 14 Mbit/s

Increased cell anduser throughput

Reduced delay


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Technology Overview:

Key FeaturesImpact on Radio Access Network Architecture

Principle

Channel Structure


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Technology Overview

Key Features of HSDPA (I)

Shared Channel transmission:

Channelization codes and transmission power in a cellare dynamically shared between users.

A new transport channel High Speed Downlink SharedChannel (HS-DSCH) is introduced.

Adaptive modulation and coding (AMC):

Adaptation of transmission parameters to radioconditions and terminal capability

Modulation schemes:

16-QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation): UE capability

QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying): mandatory for UE


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HSDPA modulation, QPSK + 16 QAM

Quadratur Phase Shift Keying

Qt

I

Q

Quadratur

component

Inphase

component

Q(t)

I(t)

It

Q

I

16-QAM

16 Quadratur Amplitude Modulation

1 modulation symbol = 2 bits1 modulation symbol = 4 bits


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Technology Overview

Key Features of HSDPA (II)Hybrid automatic-repeat-request (HARQ)

Improving robustness against link adaptation errors

UE rapidly requests retransmissions of erroneously receveived data

UE can combine information from the original transmission with that oflater retransmissions (Soft Combining)

Fast scheduling in the Node B instead of RNC

Moving scheduling and processing of retransmissions closer to airinterface

New MAC-hs (Medium Access Control high speed) protocol entity inthe Node B

Short transmission time interval of 2ms

Accelerating packet scheduling for transmission


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HSDPA: Capacity aspects

+= NS

TBC 1log 2

Capacity aspects:

How does HSDPA increase the capacity per user?

1.) Possibility of code combination

2.) Introduction of 16-QAM modulation scheme

3.) Permission of link adaption -> dynamic channel coding


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Technology Overview

Impact on Radio Access Network ArchitectureCore Network

Radio Network Controller (RNC)

Node B:

Scheduling, Adaptive

modulation/coding, HARQ

Node B:

Scheduling, Adaptive

modulation/coding, HARQ

UTRAN

UE


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Technology Overview

Principle Node B:

HS-DPCCH:

ChannelQua

lity(CQI)

PacketAC

K/NACK

HS-(P)DSCH User Data

HS-SCCH Scheduling Information

Generation ofScheduling Information

for the User Databased on User Feedback

HS-DPC

CH

Chann

elQualit

y(CQI)

Pack

et ACK

/NACK

UE1UE2

High Speed

Shared ControlChannel

High Speed Dedicated

Physical Control Channel

High Speed

(Physical) Downlink

Shared Channel


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New Physical and Transport Channels

HS-(P)DSCHHigh Speed (Physical) Downlink Shared Channel


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Structure of Downlink HS-PDSCH

Spreading Factor 16

Assignment of multiple channelization codes to one UE possible

Slot #0 Slot#1 Slot #2

Tslot = 2560 chips

320 bits for QPSK, 640 bits for 16QAM

1 subframe of 3 slots: 2 ms

HS-DSCH transport channel

with user data

HS-DSCH:

transport channel

HS-PDSCH:physical channel


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HS-PDSCH Code Allocation

SF=

1

SF=

2

SF=

4

SF=

8

SF=

16

SF=

32

SF=

64

SF=

128

SF=

256

2,0

2,1

4,0

8,016,0

32,0

64,0

128,0256,1

256,3

256,4

256,5

256,6

256,7

256,8

256,9

256,10

256,11

256,12256,13

256,14

256,15

16,15

16,1

16,2

16,3

16,4

16,5

16,6

16,7

16,8

16,9

16,10

16,11

16,12

16,13

16,14

8,1

8,2

8,3

8,4

8,5

8,6

8,7

4,1

4,2

4,3 256,249

256,250

256,251256,252

256,253

256,254

256,255

256,248

1,0

32,1

32,31

64,1

64,2

64,3

64,62

64,63

128,126

128,127

256,2

128,125

128,124

128,1

128,2

128,3

128,4

128,5

128,6

128,7

32,30

:

:

256,0All possible HS-PDSCH codes

Possible HS-SCCH codes (example)

CPICH

P-CCPCH

blocked


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HS-DSCH Coding Chain

CRC attachment to

each transport block

Code block segmentation

Channel Coding

Physical Layer Hybrid-ARQ

functionality

Bit Scrambling

PhCH#1 PhCH#P

Physical channel mapping

HS-DSCH Interleaving

Physical channelsegmentation

Constellation Re-arrangement for

16QAM

Data arrives to the coding unit in form of a maximum of

one transport block once every transmission time interval.

Turbo Coding Rate 1/3


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Constellation Rearrangementb=0 b=1

b=2 b=3


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HS-DSCH Coding Chain: ExampleExample: Coding rate for Fixed reference Channel H-Set 1 (QPSK)

acc. to 3GPP TS 25.101:Equivalent to nom. average information bit rate

of 534 kbps (=3202 bits / 3 (Inter TTI) / 2ms)

CRC length = 24 bits for HS-DSCH

Code Rate = 0,67

(= 3202 information bits / 4800 binary channel bits per TTI)5 HS-PDSCHs

Rate matching to number of Soft

Channel Bits available for this

HARQ process (9600 bits)

Inf. Bit Payload

CRC Addition

Turbo-Encoding

(R=1/3)

3202

Code Block

Segmentation

1st Rate Matching 9600

Tail Bits129678

3226

CRC243202

Redundancy VersionSelection

4800

Physical Channel

Segmentation 960


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HS-SCCHHigh Speed Shared Control Channel (Downlink)


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HS-SCCH Usage

HS-DSCH

I would like to receive data

but I dont know where my

HS-DSCH resources are and

how they look like.

?

HS-SCCH

Read the 1st HS-SCCH slot

for HS-DSCH

channelization codes, UE-

identity and modulation

scheme.

Then, the 2nd and 3rd HS-SCCH

slot will tell you about

Transport block size information,

Hybrid-ARQ process information,

Redundancy/constellation version,

New data indicator.


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Structure of Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH)

The HS-SCCH is a fixed rate (60 kbps, SF=128) downlink physical channel

used to carry downlink signalling related to HS-DSCH transmission


Tslot = 2560 chips

Data = 40 bits

1 subframe = 2 ms


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Timing Relation between HS-SCCH and HS-PDSCH

Start of HS-SCCH subframe #0 is aligned with start of P-CCPCH frames.

The HS-PDSCH starts

HS-PDSCH = 2Tslot = 5120 chipsafter the start of the HS-SCCH.

HHSS--SSCCCCHH

HHSS--PPDDSSCCHH

3Tslot = 7680 chips

3Tslot 7680 chips

HS-DSCH sub-frame

EHS-PDSCH (2*Tslot = 5120 chips)


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HS-SCCH Contents

Channelization Code Set information (7 bits) Modulation scheme information (1 bit)

Transport block size information (6 bits)

Hybrid-ARQ process information (3 bits) Redundancy and constellation version (3 bits)

New data indicator (1 bit)

UE identity (16 bits) = H-RNTI


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HS-SCCH: Signalling of HS-PDSCH Code Allocation

Clustercode

Indicator(3

bits)

Tree offset indicator (4 bits)

0 (1/15)

1 (2/14)

2 (3/13)

3 (4/12)

4 (5/11)

5 (6/10)

6 (7/9)

7 (8/8)

0 10 11 12 13 14 151 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

P

Decoding notation

Number ofmulti-codes

Offset from

left/right in code

tree (SF=16)

1

1

21

3

1

4

1

5

1

6

1

7

1

1

2

22

3

2

4

2

5

2

6

2

7

2

1

3

23

3

3

4

3

5

3

6

3

7

3

1

4

24

3

4

4

4

5

4

6

4

7

4

1

5

25

3

5

4

5

5

5

6

5

7

5

1

6

26

3

6

4

6

5

6

6

6

7

6

1

7

27

3

7

4

7

5

7

6

7

7

7

1

8

28

3

8

4

8

5

8

6

8

7

8

7

9

8

8

1

9

29

3

9

4

9

5

9

6

9

6

10

9

7

8

7

1

10

210

3

10

4

10

5

10

5

11

10

6

9

6

8

6

1

11

211

3

11

4

11

4

12

11

5

10

5

9

5

8

5

1

12

212

3

12

3

13

12

4

11

4

10

4

9

4

8

4

1

13

213

214

13

3

12

3

11

3

10

3

9

3

8

3

1

14

1

15

142

13

2

12

2

11

2

10

2

9

2

8

2

15

1

141

13

1

12

1

11

1

10

1

9

1

8

1Redundant area

SF=16

Code 0 is

reserved for

commonchannels

Code offset 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

P=5O=7

code group indicator:

xccs,1, xccs,2, xccs,3 = min(P-1,15-P)

code offset indicator:

xccs,4, xccs,5, xccs,6, xccs,7 = |O-1-P/8 *15|

A cluster of codescan be allocated to a UE:

C ch,16,O C ch,16, O+P-1

Signalled on HS-SCCH ->


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HS-SCCH: Signalling of Transport Block Size

............

65541731430881613

64381721405871492

63241711380861371

TB SizeIndexTB SizeIndexTB SizeIndex

The Transport Block Size used on HS-DSCH is not signalled explicitly on HS-SCCH

Instead, a Transport Block Size Index ki is signalled which indicates the transport block size:

4

7943

6332

4021

11QPSK0

Number ofchannelization

codes

Modulationscheme

Combination i

ik ,0

Table according to 3GPP TS 25.321, extract from QPSK section

First step:

Modulation scheme and number of

channelization codes as signalled

on HS-SCCH determine value k0,i

Second step:Index kt = ki + k0,i determines

HS-DSCH transport block size

Table according to 3GPP TS 25.321, 254 entries in total

kt = ki + k0,i


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HS-SCCH: Signalling of Transport Block Size

Transportation Block Size

Minimum137 bits

Maximum25558 bits

Possible transportation block

Sizes complying with

the modulation scheme and number of

HS-PDSCHs

Begin depends on

Parameters: Modulationscheme and number of HS-

PDSCHs


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HS-SCCH Coding Chain

Ch a n n e l

Co d in g 1

Ratematching 1

m u x m u x

Ch a n n e l

Co d in g 2

Ratem a tch in g 2

R Vcoding

UE specificC R C

A tta chm ent

UE specificm a skin g

PhysicalCh a n n e lMa p p in g

HS-SCCH

r s b

Channelization

Code SetModulation

SchemeTransport Block

Size Information

HARQ Process

InformationRedundancy and

Constellation Version

New Data Indicator

UE Identity

UE Identity


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HS-DPCCHHigh Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel (Uplink)


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HS-DPCCH Usage ACK/NACK

HS-DSCH

All the HS-DSCH data I

receive is incorrect!

Send me a NACK, maybe

I can do something for

you and send the same

packet again.

Maybe I will even send you anew redundancy version.

This could increase the

probability that you can

decode the data.

HS-DPCCH:

NACK


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HS-DPCCH Usage CQI

HS-DSCH

I have to deliver regular

reports about the channel

quality I experience but I

have to do a lot ofcalculations for this.

These reports really help me

in deciding who gets the

next data packet and how Ihave to format it.

HS-DPCCH:

CQI (Channel Quality Indication)


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Structure of Uplink HS-DPCCH

Subframe #0 Subframe #i Subframe #4

HARQ-ACK CQI= Channel Quality Information

One radio frame Tf = 10 ms

One HS-DPCCH subframe (2 ms)

2Tslot = 5120 chipsTslot = 2560 chips

The spreading factor of the HS-DPCCH is 256 (10 bits per uplink slot)

The HS-DPCCH can only exist together with an UL DPCCH (Ded. Phys. Control Channel).

The DPDCH (Dedicated Physical Data Channel), the DPCCH and the HS-DPCCH are I/Q

code multiplexed.


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Channel Coding for HS-DPCCH

Physical channelmapping

Channel CodingChannel coding

PhCH

HARQ-ACK CQI

PhCH

Physical channelmapping


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Channel Coding for HARQ ACK

0000000000NACK

1111111111ACK

w9

w8

w7

w6

w5

w4

w3

w2

w1

w0

HARQ-ACK

message to

be

transmitted


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Channel Coding for CQI

Channel Coding for CQI is using a (20,5) code

Code words of the (20,5) code are a linear combination

of the 5 basis sequences denoted Mi,n

Channel quality information bits are converted to binary

representation: a0, a1, a2, a3, a4

Output bits bi are then given by:

i = 019

1000019

1000018

1000017

1000016

1000015

1111114

1111013

1110112

1110011

1101110

110109

110018

110007

101116

101105

101014

101003

100112

100101

100010

Mi,4Mi,3Mi,2Mi,1Mi,0i

2mod)(,

4

0Mab ni

n

ni=

=


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CQI encoding with (20,5) code

SIR

Throughp

ut

high

low

highlow

1CQIn

1CQIn-1

1CQIn-2

1CQIn+2

1CQIn+1

Prevailing conditions of SIR

Optimum

throughput if the UE

reports CQIn

SIR changes, CQI reporting must follow!

If misunderstanding

of CQI leeds to

usage of CQI closeto optimum, impact

is not too serious

If misunderstanding

of CQI leeds to

usage of CQI remote

to optimum, impact

is serious-> data rate

slumps down

CQI is using (20,5) code to reduce mean BER, like e.g. Gray encoding

N Ph i l d T t Ch l


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New Physical and Transport ChannelsSpreading for Uplink DPCCH, DPDCHs and HS-DPCCH

I

j

cd,1 d

S dpch,n

I+jQ

D PD C H 1

Q

cd,3 d

D PD C H 3

cd,5 d

D PD C H 5

cd,2 d

D PD C H 2

cd,4 d

cc c

D PC C H

S

chsH S-D PC C H

D PD C H 4

chsH S-D PC C H

hs

hs

cd,6 d

D PD C H 6

Scrambling

HS-DPCCH

maximum number of

DPDCH is even

maximum number of

DPDCH is odd

N Ph i l d T Ch l


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Spreading for UL HS-DPCCH

I

j

I+jQ

Q

Shs-dpcchchsHS-DPCCH

(If Nmax-dpdch= 0, 1, 3, 5)

HS-DPCCH

(If Nmax-dpdch =2, 4 or 6)

hs

hs

chs

N Ph i l d T t Ch l


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5/150

6/151

8/152

9/15312/154

15/155

19/156

24/157

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Signalling values for ACK,ACK and CQI


Gain Factors for UL HS-DPCCHPower offset HS-DPCCH for each HS-DPCCH slot

HS-DPCCH = ACK for slots carrying ACK

HS-DPCCH = NACK for slots carrying NACK

HS-DPCCH = CQI for slots carrying CQI

Gain factorhs defined as

Signalled by higher layers

(values 08)

= 2010DPCCHHS

chs

Quantized amplituderatios for

2010DPCCHHS

N Ph i l d T t Ch l


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Timing Relations for UL HS-DPCCH

m = (TTX_diff /256 ) + 101

TTX_diff is the difference in chips (TTX_diff =0, 256, ....., 38144) between the transmit timing of thestart of the related HS-PDSCH and the transmit timing of the start of the related downlink DPCH frame

m therefore takes one of a set of five possible values according to the 5 possible transmission timings

of HS-DSCH sub-frame relative to the DPCH frame boundary.

Uplink

DPCH

HHSS--PPDDSSCCHH

aatt UUEE

UUpplliinnkk

HHSS--DDPPCCCCHH

Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #2 Slot #3 Slot #4 Slot #5 Slot #6 Slot #7 Slot #8 Slot #9 Slot #10 Slot #11 Slot #12

EUEP M19200 chips = 7,5 slots

m*256 chips

Tslot = 2560 chips

3 * Tslot = 7680 chips

N Ph i l d T t Ch l


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Round Trip Timing

HS-SCCH Retransmit

HS-PDSCH Retransmit

A/N CQI

18 slots = 12 ms

3 slots2 slots

2 slots

Minimum retransmission delay = 12 ms

2* Tprop + 15.5 slots A

A = Processing times in L1 and MAC-hs

N Ph i l d T t Ch l


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More Timing Relations

k:thS-CCPCH

AICH accessslots

SecondarySCH

PrimarySCH

S-CCPCH,k

10 ms

PICH

#0 #1 #2 #3 #14#13#12#11#10#9#8#7#6#5#4

Radio framewith (SFN modulo 2) = 0 Radio framewith (SFN modulo 2) = 1

DPCH,n

P-CCPCH

Any CPICH

PICH for k:thS-CCPCH

n:th DPCH

10 ms

Subframe#0

HS-SCCHSubframes

Subframe#1

Subframe#2

Subframe#3

Subframe#4

Why this timing?

Ti i T f h DPCH


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Timing TDPCH of each DPCH usage

t

+1

-1

T 2T

x1(t) = d1(t ) * c1(t)

t

+1

-1T 2T

x(t) = x1(t) + x2(t)

t

+1

-1T 2T

+2

-2

x2(t) = d2(t ) * c2(t)

Sum

0 -> +1

1 -> -1

Spreaded signals are added in a multi-user scenario,

e.g. downlink signal from node B.

This will engender an impact on the amplitude of

the sum signal.

Problem:

If the input signal from each user DPCH willhave the same content, like it is in the period

of e.g. the Pilot bits -> The Crest Factor will

rise!

Solution:Node B will set a timing TDPCH for each

Downlink DPCH individually to randomize the signal behaviour

High Speed Downlink Packet Access


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g Speed ow c e ccessDL DPCH Timing Offset

P-CCPCH

DL-DPCH

HS-SCCH

HS-PDSCH

UE timing

2slots

T_dpch_offset

1 Radio Frame = 10 ms

Propagation Delay

DL-DPCH

T_txdiff

HS-PDSCH

UL-DPCH

HS-DPCCH

T_dl_ul_offset = 1024 chips

T_UlDpch-HsDpcch = (T_txdiff + 101)*256 chips

Propagation Delay

7.5 slots

DPCH offset 21

alignment of

UL DPCH and

HS-DPCCH



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g pDL DPCH Timing Offset

P-CCPCH

DL-DPCH

HS-SCCH

HS-PDSCH

UE timing

2slots

T_dpch_offset


Propagation Delay

DL-DPCH

T_txdiff

HS-PDSCH

UL-DPCH

HS-DPCCH



Propagation Delay

7.5 slots

DPCH offset 22

10% overlap of

UL DPCH and

HS-DPCCH



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g pDL DPCH Timing Offset

P-CCPCH

DL-DPCH

HS-SCCH

HS-PDSCH

UE timing

2slots

T_dpch_offset


Propagation Delay

DL-DPCH

T_txdiff

HS-PDSCH

UL-DPCH

HS-DPCCH



Propagation Delay

7.5 slots

DPCH offset 26

50% overlap of

UL DPCH and

HS-DPCCH



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High Speed Downlink Packet AccessDL DPCH Timing Offset

DL DPCH timing offset results in a propablenon slot alignment between HS-DPCCH and the DPCHslot

1 slot = 2560 chips = 10 symbols

50% overlap

slot

alignment

Remark

110

29

38

47

56

65

74

83

92

01

10

realtive timing difference DPCH vs. HS-DPCCH

(symbols)

T_dpch_offset

(symbols)


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Data Rates

10 or 14 Mbps?

Data Rates


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Data Rates

How are 14.4 Mbps derived?

1 slot HS-PDSCH (equivalent to 10 ms / 15 = 666.7 us) using 16 QAM contains 640 bits

Maximum 15 HS-PDSCH codes can be allocated to a UE

15 HS-PDSCHs therefore result in a gross bit rate of

15* 640 bits / 666.7 us = 14.4 MbpsThis does not include any channel

coding and is therefore a rather

theoretical value


Tslot = 2560 chips

320 bits for QPSK, 640 bits for 16QAM

1 subframe of 3 slots: 2 ms

Data Rates 1.2 Mbps class 7 Mbps class


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Data Rates

User Equipment Classes

28800363015Category 12*

14400363025Category 11*

17280027952115Category 1017280020251115Category 9

13440014411110Category 8

11520014411110Category 7

67200729815Category 6

57600729815Category 5

38400729825Category 4

28800729825Category 3

28800729835Category 2

19200729835Category 1

Total number

of soft channel

bits

Maximum number of

bits of an HS-DSCH

transport block

received within

an HS-DSCH TTI

Minimum

inter-TTI

interval

Maximum

number of HS-

DSCH codes

received

HS-DSCH category

1.2 Mbps class

3.6 Mbps class

7 Mbps class

10 Mbps class

*QPSK only

3GPPTS25.3

06


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Adaptive Modulation and Coding

Motivation

Principle

Channel Quality Reporting



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Motivation (I)

Signal quality received by a subscriber depends on:

distance from the desired and interfering base stations

path loss

log-normal shadowing

short term Rayleigh fading

?



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Motivation (II) Consequence:

Signal transmitted should be modified to account for the signal quality variation

Link adaptation:

Fast power control:

Used in WCDMA release 99

Mitigates near-far problem in uplink

Compensates for variations due to

short term Rayleigh fading

AMC:

Used in HSDPA

!



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p g

Principle

HS-DSCH data rate is adjusted by

modifying

modulation scheme effective code rate

number of HS-PDSCH codes

Decision based on channel quality reports

from UE

HS-DSCH,

e.g. 16QAM,

code rate 3/4

HS-DSCH,

e.g. QPSK,

code rate 1/2



57/147


p g


HS-DSCH modulation /

coding adapted acc. to

proposed CQI

HS-DPCCH:

proposed CQI(every 2ms160ms)

-216-QAM5716824

-116-QAM5716823

016-QAM5716822

016-QAM5655421

016-QAM5588720

016-QAM5528719

016-QAM5466418

016-QAM5418917016-QAM5356516

0QPSK5331915

0QPSK4258314

0QPSK4227913

0QPSK3174212

09600

XR

V

NIRReference

power

adjustment Modulati

on

Number

of

HS-

PDSCH

Transport

Block Size

CQI

value

UE proposes CQI value so that

HS-DSCH transport block error

probability would not exceed 0.1

Table according to 3GPP TS 25.214



58/147


p g


-216-QAM5716824

-116-QAM5716823

016-QAM5716822

016-QAM5655421

016-QAM5588720

016-QAM5528719

016-QAM5466418

016-QAM5418917

016-QAM5356516

0QPSK5331915

0QPSK4258314

0QPSK4227913

0QPSK3174212

09600

XR

V

NIRReference

power

adjustment Modulati

on

Number

of

HS-

PDSCH

Transport

Block Size

CQI

value3GPP TS 25.214 contains 5

different tables for:

Categories 1-6

Categories 7-8

Category 9

Category 10

Categories 11,12

Each table contains definitions forCQI values 030

Adaptive modulation and coding (AMC)


59/147


p g ( )

Tests 1&2 2codesx4TS

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

SIR (dB)

Throughput(bits/sub-frame)

QPSK 240 QPSK 253QPSK 267 QPSK 282QPSK 298 QPSK 315QPSK 332 QPSK 351QPSK 370 QPSK 391QPSK 413 QPSK 436QPSK 461 QPSK 487QPSK 514 QPSK 543QPSK 573 QPSK 605QPSK 639 QPSK 67516-QAM 675 16-QAM 71216-QAM 752 16-QAM 79416-QAM 839 16-QAM 88616-QAM 936 16-QAM 98816-QA M 1043 16-QA M 1102

16-QAM 1163



60/147


p g


-216-QAM5716824

-116-QAM5716823

016-QAM5716822

016-QAM5655421

016-QAM5588720

016-QAM5528719

016-QAM5466418

016-QAM5418917

016-QAM5356516

0QPSK5331915

0QPSK4258314

0QPSK4227913

0QPSK3174212

09600

XR

V

NIRReference

power

adjustment Modulati

on

Number

of

HS-

PDSCH

Transport

Block Size

CQI

value

Example: UE proposes CQI value 19.

CQI value 19 corresponds to

Transport Block Size 5287 bits

5 HS-PDSCHs

16QAM Modulation

UE assumes:

HS-DSCH power [dB]:

signalled by higher layers

Virtual IR buffer NIR

Redundancy version XRV

++=CPICHHSPDSCHPP



61/147


CQI Reference Period

TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7 TS8 TS9 TS10 TS11 TS12 TS13 TS14 TS15 TS16 TS17

7.5 Timeslots

ANn

CQIk

CQIk-3

TB n TB n+1 TB n+2 TB n+3 TB n+4 TB n+5 TB n+6

ANn-1

ANn-2

ANn+1

ANn+2

ANn+3

CQIk+2

CQIk+1

CQIk-1

CQIk-2

ANn-3

CQIk+3

HS-PDSCH

HS-DPCCH

CQI

referenceperiod Reference

periodk-3

Referenceperiod

k-2

Referenceperiod

k-1

Referenceperiod

k

Reported CQI value refers to 3-slot reference period ending 1 slot before first slot used to transmit CQI

ACK/NACK field for HS-DSCH subframe

associated to CQI reference period


62/147


Hybrid ARQProtocol Definition

Motivation

PrincipleHS-DSCH Coding Chain

Physical Layer HARQ Functionality

Redundancy Version Coding

HARQ Processes

Hybrid ARQ NACK

ACK


63/147


Protocol Definition

ARQ / Automatic Repeat Request:

Receiverdetects errors and requests retransmissions of erroneous packets

HARQ / Hybrid-ARQ:

Coding is applied to transmission packets

Receiver does not delete received symbols when decoding failsbut combines the new transmission with the old one in the buffer

Two ways of operating:

Identical retransmission (Chase Combining)

Non-identical retransmission (Incremental Redundancy)

DataData

Hybrid ARQ


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Chase CombiningTurbo Encoder output (36 bits)

Rate Matching to 16 bits (Puncturing)

Chase Combining at receiver

Systematic Bits

Parity 1

Parity 2

Systematic Bits

Parity 1

Parity 2

Systematic Bits

Parity 1

Parity 2

Original Transmission Retransmission

Hybrid ARQ


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Incremental RedundancyTurbo Encoder output (36 bits)

Rate Matching to 16 bits (Puncturing)

Incremental Redundancy Combining at receiver

Systematic Bits

Parity 1

Parity 2

Systematic Bits

Parity 1

Parity 2

Systematic Bits

Parity 1

Parity 2

Original Transmission Retransmission

Hybrid ARQ


66/147


MotivationLimitations of Adaptive Modulation and Coding:

- accuracy of CQI reporting

- effect of delay

HARQ can be understood as an implicit link adaptation technique:

- Does not rely on explicit C/I or similar measurements

- Link layer acknowledgements are used for re-transmission decisions

- Autonomously adapts to the instantaneous channel conditions- Insensitive to measurement error and delay

AMC provides the coarse data rate selection.

H-ARQ provides for fine data rate adjustment based

on channel conditions.

Combination ofAMC and HARQ

Hybrid ARQ


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HS-DSCH Coding Chain

CRC attachment toeach transport block

Code block segmentation

Channel Coding

Physical Layer Hybrid-ARQ

functionality

Bit Scrambling

PhCH#1 PhCH#P

Physical channel mapping

HS-DSCH Interleaving

Physical channelsegmentation

Constellation Re-arrangement for

16QAM

Data arrives to the coding unit in form of a maximum of

one transport block once every transmission time interval.

Redundancy Version

determined by

parameters r and s

Constellationdetermined by

parameter b

Signalled to UE

on HS-SCCH

Signalled to UE

on HS-SCCH

Turbo Coding Rate 1/3

Hybrid ARQ


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Physical Layer HARQ Functionality (I)

RM P1_1

RM P2_1

RM S

RM P1_2

RM P2_2

Nsys

Np1

Np2

Nt,sys

Nt,p1

Nt,p2

First Rate

Matching

Virtual

IR Buffer

Second Rate

MatchingSystematic bits

Parity 1 bits

Parity 2 bits

RV Parameterss and r

From

turbo

coder

matches the number of bits to the

number of soft channel bits available in

the virtual IR buffer (puncturing)

ToP

hysicalChannel

S

egmentation

IR buffer size can

be configuredmatches the number of bits to the number of

physical channel bits in the HS-PDSCH set;

generates different redundancy versions

which mainly influences HARQ performance

Turbo Coder outputs Systematic bits

and two streams of parity bits

Systematic bits are identical to the input

bits to the turbo coder

Hybrid ARQ


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Physical Layer HARQ Functionality (II)

RM P1_1

RM P2_1

RM S

RM P1_2

RM P2_2

Nsys

Np1

Np2

Nt,sys

Nt,p1

Nt,p2

First Rate

MatchingVirtual

IR Buffer

Second Rate

Matching

Systematic bits

Parity 1 bits

Parity 2 bitsFrom

turboco

der

3*720

bits=2160bits

arearriving

ToPhysicalChannelSegmentation,

960bitsavailableonHS-PDSCH

Example assumptions:

1 HS-PDSCH code with QPSK available (960 bits)

720 bits input to turbo coder -> (720 * 3) bits output of turbo coder

Virtual IR buffer size = 1920 bits

Virtual IR

buffer size

= 1920 bits

720 bits

720 bits

720 bits

2160 bits have to be matched to

1920 bits by puncturing (-11%)1920 bits have to be matched to

960 bits by puncturing (-50%),

Hybrid ARQSignalling of Red ndanc Version (QPSK) on HS SCCH


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Signalling of Redundancy Version (QPSK) on HS-SCCH

Redundancy Version Coding Sequences are signalled on HS-SCCH, example:

-{0,2,5,6}: one initial transmission + 3 retransmissions with different r and s parameters

307

316

205

214

103

112

001

010

rsXrv

(value)Initial transmission

1st retransmission

2nd retransmission

3rd retransmission

s=1: systematic bits are prioritized

s=0: non systematic bits are prioritized

r (range 0 to 3 for QPSK) influences:

input parameter of puncturing or

(together with s) of repetitionalgorithm defined in TS 25.212

selection of parity bits

Hybrid ARQSignalling of Redundancy Version (16QAM) on HS SCCH


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Signalling of Redundancy Version (16QAM) on HS-SCCH

0117

3016

2015

1014

1103

1112

0001

0010

brsXrv

(value)

Redundancy Version Coding Sequences are signalled on HS-SCCH, example:

-{6,4,0,5}: Chase combining (no change in s and r parameters, i.e. same redundancy

version) with 4 possible constellations

Initial transm.

3rd retransm.

1st retransm.

2nd retransm.

Definition of

parameter s as

for QPSK

r (range 0 to 1 for 16QAM) influences input

parameter of puncturing or (together with s) of

repetition algorithm defined in TS25.212 and thus

selection of parity bits

b (range 0 to 3) describes

constellation rearrangement

to average reliability of bits

HARQ principle: Multitasking


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t

BS, Tx

UE, Tx

Data Data

Nt

Demodulate, decode, descramble,

despread, check CRC, etc.

ACK/NACK

Minimum processing time for UEreceiver

Data Data

UE, TxDemodulate, decode, descramble,

despread, check CRC, etc.

Remark, for being able to receive an Inter-TTI of 1 it is required to

handle 6 parallel HARQ processes

ACK/NACK

Hybrid ARQ


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HARQ Processes

asynchronous DL - synchronous UL

Number of H-ARQ processes = 1..8 per UE


74/147


Interworking with Physical Layer Procedures

Transmit Diversity

Compressed ModePhase Reference



75/147


HSDPA Impact on Transmit Diversity

HS-PDSCH and HS-SCCH can use open loop STTD,

HS-PDSCH can also use closed loop mode 1 diversity

The transmit diversity mode used for a HS-PDSCH subframe shall be the same

as used for the DPCH associated with this HS-PDSCH subframe

If the DPCH associated with an HS-SCCH subframe is using either open or

closed loop transmit diversity, the HS-SCCH subframe from this cell shall be

transmitted using STTD, otherwise no transmit diversity shall be used for this

HS-SCCH subframe

In the case that an HS-PDSCH is associated with a DPCH for which closed-

loop transmit diversity is applied, the antenna weights applied to HS-PDSCH

are the same as applied to the associated DPCH



76/147


HSDPA Impact on Compressed Mode The UE shall neglect a HS-SCCH or HS-PDSCH transmission, if a part of

the HS-SCCH or a part of the corresponding HS-PDSCH overlaps with a

downlink transmission gap on the associated DPCH.

Neither ACK nor NACK shall be transmitted by the UE to respond to thecorresponding downlink transmission

If a part of a HS-DPCCH slot allocated forACK/NACK information

overlaps with an uplink transmission gap on the associated DPCH, the

UE shall not transmit ACK/NACK information in that slot

If in a HS-DPCCH sub-frame a part of the slots allocated forCQIinformation overlaps with an uplink transmission gap on the associated

DPCH, the UE shall not transmit CQI information in that sub-frame

If a CQI report is scheduled in the current CQI field and the

corresponding 3-slot reference period wholly or partly overlaps a

downlink transmission gap, then the UE shall use DTX in the current CQI

field and in the CQI fields in the next (N_cqi_transmit1) subframes



77/147


Downlink Phase Reference

HS-PDSCH and HS-SCCH can use Primary CPICH, Secondary

CPICH or Dedicated Pilots as downlink phase reference. The same phase reference as with the associated DPCH shall be

used.

The support for dedicated pilots as phase reference for HS-PDSCH

and HS-SCCH is optional for the UE. During a DPCH frame overlapping with any part of an associated

HS-DSCH or HS-SCCH subframe, the phase reference on this

DPCH shall not change.


78/147


MAC-hs Protocol Entity

Overall Protocol Architecture

Functions and Architecture UTRAN and UE Side

MAC-d Flows and Priority Queue HandlingMAC-hs Protocol Data Unit

MAC-hs Reset

MAC-hs Protocol EntityProtocol Architecture with New MAC-hs Protocol


79/147


L2

L1

HS-

DSCH

FP

RLC

L2

L1

HS-

DSCH

FP

Iub/ Iur

PHY

MAC

PHY

RLC

Uu

MAC-

hs

MAC-d

New protocol entity in Node BOne entity for each cell supporting HSDPA

UE

Node B

RNC

MAC = Medium Access Control

RLC= Radio Link Control

FP = Frame Protocol



80/147


Functions UTRAN and UE SideThe UTRAN MAC-hs entity handles the HSDPA specific functions:

Flow Control

Scheduling/Priority Handling: determines Queue ID and Transmission

Sequence Number (TSN) for each new MAC-hs PDU

HARQ entity (one per UE): supports multiple stop and wait HARQ processes

Transport Format and resource selection: Selection of an appropriate

transport format and resource for the data

The UE MAC-hs entity handles the HSDPA specific functions:

HARQ entity (one per UE, parallel HARQ processes): generates ACKs orNACKs

Reordering Queue distribution: routes MAC-hs PDUs to correct reordering

buffer based on Queue ID

Reordering: reorders received MAC-hs PDUs according to transmission

sequence number (TSN) Disassembly of MAC-hs PDUs: removes MAC-hs header, extracts MAC-d

PDUs and delivers them to higher layers

PDU = Protocol Data Unit



81/147


UTRAN Side MAC-hs ArchitectureMAC-hs

MAC Control

HS-DSCH

TFRC selection

Priority Queuedistribution

Associated DownlinkSignallingAssociated Uplink

Signalling

MAC-d flows

HARQ entity

Priority Queuedistribution

PriorityQueue

PriorityQueue

PriorityQueue

PriorityQueue

Scheduling/Priority handling



82/147


UE Side MAC Architecture

MAC-d

FACH RACH

DCCH DTCHDTCH

DSCH DCH DCH

MAC Control

USCH( TDD only )

CPCH( FDD only )

CTCHBCCH CCCH SHCCH( TDD only )

PCCH

PC H FACH

MAC-c/sh

USCH( TDD only )

DSCH

MAC-hs

HS-DSCH

Associated Uplink

SignallingAssociated Downlink

Signalling



83/147


UE Side MAC-hs Architecture

MAC-hs

MAC Control

Associated Uplink Signalling

To MAC-d

Associated Downlink Signalling

HS-DSCH

HARQ

Reordering Reordering

Re-ordering queue distribution

Disassembly Disassembly



84/147


MAC-d Flows and Priority Queue Handling

Node B:

1 MAC-hs entityper cell

Priority Queue

(Queue ID 0)

Priority Queue(Queue ID 0) UE2

UE1Priority Queue

(Queue ID 7)

Priority Queue

(Queue ID 3)

Priority Queue

(Queue ID 1)

RNC:1 MAC-d entity per UE

Logical channel (ID 1)




[Logical channel (ID 3)]

[Logical channel (ID 4)]

MAC-d flow

MAC-d flow

MAC-d flow

HS-DSCH data frames,

each containing MAC d

PDUs for one user and for

a given CmCH-PI (Priority)

and MAC-d PDU size

CmCH-PI is associated to

a certain Queue ID viaNBAP signalling

Iub Air Interface

MAC-d flow

Reordering Queue

(Queue ID 0)

Reordering Queue(Queue ID 0)

Reordering Queue

(Queue ID 7)

Reordering Queue

(Queue ID 3)

Reordering Queue

(Queue ID 1)

NBAP: HS-DSCH Information to Modify (Extract)


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9.2.1.52BM>>>RLC Mode

9.2.1.38AM>>>>MAC-d PDU Size

9.2.1.53IM>>>>SID

1..

>>>MAC-d PDU Size Index

9.2.1.38AaO>>>MAC-hs Guaranteed Bit Rate

9.2.1.38BM>>>MAC-hs Window Size

9.2.1.24EO>>>Discard Timer

9.2.1.56aM>>>T19.2.1.53HM>>>Scheduling Priority Indicator

Shall only refer to an HS-DSCH

MAC-d flow already existing in the

old configuration.

Multiple Priority Queues can be

associated with the same HS-

DSCH MAC-d Flow ID.

HS-DSCH

MAC-d Flow

ID 9.2.1.31I

M>>>Associated HS-DSCH MAC-d

Flow

9.2.1.49CM>>>Priority Queue ID

>>Add Priority Queue

M>CHOICE Priority Queue

0..Priority Queue Information

.

Semantics DescriptionIE Typeand

Reference

RangePresenceIE/Group Name

MAC-hs Protocol EntityMAC-hs Protocol Data Unit (PDU)


86/147


If the F field is set to "0" the F field is

followed by a SID field. If the F field is

set to "1" the F field is followed by a

MAC-d PDU.

Size Index Identifier (3 bit), size of

set of consecutive MAC-d PDUs;

MAC-d PDU size for a given SID

configured by higher layers and

independent for each Queue ID

Queue ID TSN SID1 N1 F1 SID2 N2 F2 SIDk Nk Fk

MAC-hs header MAC-hs SDU Padding (opt)MAC-hs SDU

Mac-hs payload

VF

Each MAC-hs SDU equals a MAC-d PDU (format as for the non HS-DSCH case)

A maximum of one MAC-hs PDU can be transmitted in a TTI per UE

The MAC-hs header is of variable size

Version Flag (1 bit), extension

capabilities for PDU format

(value 1 reserved in rel5)

Queue ID (3 bit) provides

identification of the reordering

queue in the receiver

Transmission Sequence

Number (6 bit) for reordering

purposes/in-sequence delivery

Number of consecutive MAC-d PDUs with

equal size (7 bits); maximum number of

PDUs transmitted in a single TTI shall be 70

HSDPA: MAC-hs SDU and MAC-hs PDU

MAC d PDU MAC d PDU

Each MAC-hs SDU corresponds

1 MAC d PDU


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Q u eu e ID T S N S ID 1 N 1 F 1 S ID 2 N 2 F 2 S ID k N k F k

M A C -h s h ead er M A C -h s S D U P ad d in g (o pt)M A C -h s S D U

M a c - h s pa y lo a d

V F

MAC-hs PDU

MAC-d PDU MAC-d PDUto 1 MAC-d PDU

1 MAC-hs PDU is sent every TTI of 2msec

HSDPA: MAC-hs SDU and MAC-hs PDU

MAC d PDUMAC-d PDU

Identifies size of set of

C ti MAC d PDU

N b f


88/147


MAC-hs PDU

MAC-d PDUSize A

Size BConsecutive MAC-d PDUs

1 MAC-hs PDU is sent every TTI of 2msec

Queue ID TSN SID 1 N 1 F 1 SID 2 N 2 F 2 SID k N k F k

MAC -hs header MAC -hs SDU Padding (opt)MAC -hs SDU

Mac -hs payload

VF

MAC -hs SDU

Number ofMAC-d PDUs,

Size A

Identifies size of set of consecutive MAC-dPSUs, here of size B

Number of MAC-d PDUs of size B


R d i f MAC h PDU UE Sid


89/147


Reordering of MAC-hs PDUs on UE Side

MAC-hs PDU

TSN 0

MAC-hs PDU

TSN 1

MAC-hs PDU

TSN 3

Received MAC-hs PDUs

Delivery to

Disassembly Entity

Next expected TSN = 2

TSN = 3 > Next expected TSN

Start Reordering Release Timer T1

ReorderingQueue

Added or Reconfigured MAC-d Flow(in Added or reconfigured DL TrCH Information, TS 25.331 (RRC))

VersionSemantics descriptionType andMultiNeedInformation Element/Group name


90/147


REL-5The MAC-hs queue ID is

unique across all MAC-d flows.

Integer(0..7)MP>MAC-hs queue Id

REL-5OPMAC-hs queue to delete listREL-5Integer(0..7)MP>>MAC-d PDU size index

REL-5Integer(1..5000)MP>>MAC-d PDU size

REL-5Mapping of the different MAC-

d PDU sizes configured for the

HS-DSCH to the MAC-d PDU

size index in the MAC-hs

header.

OP>MAC-d PDU size Info

REL-5Integer(4, 6, 8,

12, 16, 24, 32)

MP>MAC-hs window size

REL-5Timer (in milliseconds) when

PDUs are released to the

upper layers even though

there are outstanding PDUs

with lower TSN values.

Integer(10, 20,

30, 40, 50, 60,

70, 80, 90, 100,

120, 140, 160,

200, 300, 400)

MP>T1

REL-5MAC-d Flow

Identity

10.3.5.7c

MP>MAC-d Flow Identity

REL-5The MAC-hs queue ID is

unique across all MAC-d flows.

Integer(0..7)MP>MAC-hs queue Id

REL-5OPMAC-hs queue to add or reconfigure list

VersionSemantics descriptionType andreference

MultiNeedInformation Element/Group name

SID


MAC h R t


91/147


MAC-hs ResetIf a reset of the MAC-hs entity is requested by upper layers, the UE shall:

flush soft buffer for all configured HARQ processes;

stop all active re-ordering release timer (T1), set all timer T1 to their initial value;

start TSN with value 0 for the next transmission on every HARQ process;

initialise the variables RcvWindow_UpperEdge and next_expected_TSN to their

initial values;disassemble all MAC-hs PDUs in the re-ordering buffer and deliver all MAC-d

PDUs to the MAC-d entity;

flush the re-ordering buffer.

and then:

indicate to all AM RLC entities mapped on HS-DSCH to generate a status report.


92/147


RRC Protocol(Radio Resource Control)

Signalling of Physical Layer Parameters

Mobility

RRC Protocol

Signalling of Ph sical La er Parameters


93/147


Signalling of Physical Layer ParametersPhysical layer parameters signalled to UE / Node B:

HS-SCCH set to be monitored

Repetition factor of ACK/NACK: N_acknack_transmit

Channel Quality Indicator feedback cycle k

Repetition factor of CQI: N_cqi_transmit

Measurement power offset

Power offsets for ACK, NACK, CQI

[Release 6: Status of preamble/postamble transmission:

HARQ_preamble_mode]

RRC ProtocolDownlink HS-PDSCH Information


94/147


REL-5Measurement

Feedback

Info

10.3.6.40a

OPMeasurement Feedback Info

REL-5HS-SCCH

Info

10.3.6.36a

OPHS-SCCH Info

VersionSemantics

description

Type and

reference

MultiNeedInformation Element/Group

name

Contained in:

Cell Update Confirm

Physical Channel Reconfiguration

Radio Bearer Reconfiguration

Radio Bearer ReleaseRadio Bearer Setup

Transport Channel Reconfiguration

RRC Protocol

HS SCCH Info


95/147


HS-SCCH Info

REL-5Integer

(0..127)

MP>>>HS-SCCH

Channelisation Code

REL-51 to

MP>>HS-SCCH

Channelisation CodeInformation

REL-5DL Scrambling

code to be

applied for HS-

DSCH and HS-

SCCH. Defaultis same

scrambling code

as for the

primary CPICH.

Secondary

scrambling

code

10.3.6.74

MD>>DL Scrambling Code

REL-5>FDD

REL-5MPCHOICE mode

VersionSemantics

description

Type and

reference

MultiNeedInformation

Element/Group name

RRC Protocol

Measurement Feedback InfoVersioSemanticsType andMultiNeedInformation


96/147


REL-5Refer to

quantization

of the power

offset in [28]

Integer

(0..8)

MP>>CQI

REL-5Integer

(1..4)

MP>>CQI repetition factor

REL-5Inmilliseconds.

Integer(0, 2, 4, 8,

10, 20, 40,

80, 160)

MP>>CQI Feedback cycle, k

REL-5Default Power

offset

between HS-

PDSCH and

P-CPICH/S-

CPICH. In

dB.

Real(-6 ..

13 by step

of 0.5)

MP>>POhsdsch

REL-5>FDD

Versio

n

Semantics

description

Type and

reference

MultiNeedInformation

Element/Group name

RRC Protocol

Uplink DPCH Power Control Info

V iS tiT dM ltiN dI f ti El t/G


97/147


Uplink DPCH Power Control Info

REL-5Integer(1..4)OP>>Ack-Nack repetition factor

REL-5refer to quantization ofthe power offset in [28]

Integer(0..8)

OP>>NACK

REL-5Refer to quantization

of the power offset in

[28]

Integer

(0..8)

OP>>ACK

In dBInteger (1, 2)CV-algo>>TPC step size

Specifies algorithm to

be used by UE to

interpret TPC

commands

Enumerated

(algorithm 1,

algorithm 2)

MP>>Power Control Algorithm

In number of framesInteger(0..7)MP>>SRB delay

In number of framesInteger (0..7)MP>>PC Preamble

In dBInteger(-164,..-6by step of 2)

MP>>DPCCH Power offset

>FDD

MPCHOICE mode

VersionSemantics

description

Type and

reference

MultiNeedInformation Element/Group name

RRC Protocol

Added or Reconfigured DL TrCH information


98/147


VersionSemantics

description

Type and

reference

MultiNeedInformation Element/Group

name

REL-5Added or

reconfigured

MAC-d flow

10.3.5.1a

OP>>Added or reconfigured MAC-d

flow

REL-5HARQ info10.3.5.7aOP>>HARQ Info

REL-5Note 1>HS-DSCH

Contained in:

Cell Update Confirm

HOV to UTRAN command

Radio Bearer Reconfiguration

Radio Bearer Release

Radio Bearer Setup

Transport Channel Reconfiguration

RRC Protocol

HARQ Info

VersionSemanticsdescription

Type and referenceMultiNeedInformation Element/Groupname


99/147


REL-5Maximum number of

soft channel bits

available in the virtual

IR buffer [27]

Integer(800 .. 16000 by

step of 800, 17600 ..

32000 by step of 1600,

36000 .. 80000 by step of

4000, 88000 .. 160000 bystep of 8000, 176000 ..

304000 by step of 16000)

MP>>>Process Memory size

REL-5

MP>>Memory size

REL-5>Explicit

REL-5UE shall applymemory partitioning of

equal size across all

HARQ processes

>Implicit

REL-5MPCHOICE Memory Partitioning

REL-5Integer (1..8)MPNumber of Processes

descriptionname

RRC Protocol

Mobility


100/147


MobilityHS-DSCH sent from one BTS only

Associated DCH sent from all cells

RNC

DCH + HS-DSCH

DCH

Iub

RRC Protocol

MobilityServing HS-DSCH Radio Link

Indicator in DownlinkInformation for each Radio Link


101/147


MobilityTerminology:

Serving HS-DSCH radio link: The radio link that the HS-PDSCH physical channel(s)allocated to the UE belongs to.

Serving HS-DSCH cell: The cell associated with the UTRAN access point performing

transmission and reception of the serving HS-DSCH radio link for a given UE. The

serving HS-DSCH cell is always part of the current active set of the UE.

Serving HS-DSCH Node B: A role a Node B may take with respect to a UE havingone or several HS-PDSCHs allocated. The serving HS-DSCH Node B is the Node B

controlling the serving HS-DSCH cell.

Procedures:

Mobility for HSDPA is based on existing (Release 99) RRC handover procedures.

Information for each Radio Link

RRC Protocol

Serving HS-DSCH Cell Change


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NodeB NodeB

MAC-hs

NodeB NodeB

MAC-hs

Source HS-

DSCH Node BTarget HS-DSCH ode B

ServingHS-DSCH

radio link

ServingHS-DSCHradio link

s t

RNC RNC

Establishment of new HARQ

entities in target Node B

RRC Protocol

Example: Inter Node B Hard Handover


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UE Target Node B Source Node B SRNC

HOV DecisionRL Setup

RL ReconfigurationMAC-hs release

MAC-hs setup

RL ReconfigurationTransport Channel

Reconfiguration incl.

MAC-hs Reset Indicator

Stop Tx/Rx in

source cell

Start Tx/Rx in

target cell

MAC-hs Reset

Transport Channel

Reconfiguration Complete

RL DeletionStop Rx/Tx

Start Rx/Tx


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Technical Requirements for UE and Node B

UE Transmitter

UE Receiver

UE Layer 1 Processes

UE ProtocolNode B Transmitter

Node B Layer 1 Processes


Overview


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HSDPA puts new requirements on UE, Node B and network functionality:

New protocol architecture (new MAC-hs entity in Node B)

Significant increase in L1 functionality

Introduction of new transport and physical channels

HS-(P)DSCH: High Speed (Physical) Downlink Shared Channel

HS-SCCH: High Speed Shared Control Channel

HS-DPCCH: High Speed Dedicated Physical Control ChannelShort Transmission Time Interval (TTI) of 2 ms

Introduction of 16QAM Modulation Scheme as terminal capability

Adaptive Modulation & Coding based on terminal capability and

CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) feedback from terminal to Node B

Hybrid-ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request) Protocol

New User Equipment Classes in 3GPP TS 25.306

T h i l B k d


Requirements for UE Transmitter


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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)April 2005 106

Technical Background:

HS-DPCCH is introduced as 3rd uplink code channel for

transmission of ACK/NACK and CQI.

Modification of output power probability function

Increased UE power amplifier linearity requirements

Full or partial transmission of HS-DPCCH during a DPCCH timeslot

DPDCH

DPCCH HS-DPCCH

DPCCH

DPDCH

HS-DPCCH

Technical Requirements for UE and Node BTS 34.121 Requirements, Transmitter Characteristics

34.121 Transmitter Characteristics (FDD)


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34.121 Transmitter Characteristics (FDD)

CommentTitleSection

Update of existing R99 test case

for introduction of HSDPA

Error Vector Magnitude

(EVM) with HS-DPCCH

5.13A.1



Adjacent Channel

Leakage Power Ratio

(ACLR) with HS-DPCCH

5.10A



Spectrum emission mask

with HS-DPCCH

5.9A

Verify new maximum output power

requirements during HS-DPCCH

transmission

UE max output power

with HS-DPCCH

5.2A

Verify power ratios and absolute

powers during HS-DPCCHtransmission

Transmit ON/OFF power,

HS-PDCCH

TBD

Technical Requirements for UE and Node BMaximum Output Power with HSDPA

The maximum output power with HS-DPCCH is a measure of the maximum power the UE can


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The maximum output power with HS DPCCH is a measure of the maximum power the UE can

transmit when HS-DPCCH is fully or partially transmitted during a DPCCH timeslot.

+4.7/-2.7+19+3.7/-3.7+22c /d = 15/7, 15/0+3.7/-2.7+20+2.7/-3.7+23c /d = 13/15, 15/8+2.7/-2.7+21+1.7/-3.7+24c /d = 1/15, 12/15

Tol(dB)

Power(dBm)

Tol(dB)

Power(dBm)

Power Class 4Power Class 3Ratio ofc / d

for all values ofhs

30/1515/0off15/156

30/1515/77/1515/155

30/1515/88/1515/154

26/1513/1515/1513/153

24/1512/1515/1512/152

2/151/1515/151/151

hsc/ddcSub-testTS 34.121

TS 34.121

Technical Requirements for UE and Node BTS 34.121 Requirements, RRM


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TitleSection

Transport Format Combination Selection in UE with HS-DPCCHTBD

34.121 RRM (FDD)

Technical Requirements for UE and Node BTS 34.121 Requirements, Receiver Characteristics


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TitleSection

Maximum input level, Minimum requirement for HS-PDSCH reception

(16QAM)6.3A

34.121 Receiver Characteristics (FDD)


Requirements for UE Layer 1 Processes


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Fast scheduling, Hybrid ARQ and adaptive modulation andcoding as interaction between Node B and UE are introduced.

Correctness of layer 1 processes essential forHSDPA performance

Consistency, speed, detection probabilities

Technical Requirements for UE and Node B TS34.121 Requirements, RF Performance

New


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Demodulation of HS-DSCH (Fixed Reference Channel);

Open Loop Diversity9.2.2

TitleSection

HS-SCCH Detection Performance9.4

Reporting of Channel Quality Indicator; Fading propagation conditions9.3.2

Reporting of Channel Quality Indicator; AWGN propagation conditions9.3.1

Demodulation of HS-DSCH (Fixed Reference Channel);Closed Loop Tx Diversity

9.2.3

Demodulation of HS-DSCH (Fixed Reference Channel);

Single Link9.2.1

34.121 RF Performance (FDD)

Section!

Technical Requirements for UE and Node B34.121 Requirements, Fixed Reference Channels


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- Fixed Reference Channels H-Sets 1-5 defined in release 5:

- H-Set 1 QPSK / 16 QAM- H-Set 2 QPSK / 16 QAM

- H-Set 3 QPSK / 16 QAM

- H-Set 4 QPSK- H-Set 5 QPSK

- compare with rel99 Reference Measurement Channels

Technical Requirements for UE and Node B34.121 Requirements, Fixed Reference ChannelsExample: Fixed Reference Channel H-Set 1 acc. to 3GPP TS 34.121:


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16QAMQPSKModulation

45CodesNumber of Physical Channel Codes

0.610.67Coding Rate

96009600SMLsNumber of SMLs per HARQ Proc.

1920019200SMLsTotal Available SMLs in UE

76804800BitsBinary Channel Bits Per TTI

11BlocksNumber Code Blocks

46643202Bits

Information Bit Payload NINF

22Process

es

Number of HARQ Processes

33TTIsInter-TTI Distance

777534kbpsNominal Avg. Inf. Bit Rate

ValueUnitParameter

SML=SoftMetricLocation(Softchannelbit)


TS 34.121 Requirements: FRCs and UE Categories

Corresponding requirementHS-DSCH category


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H-Set 5Category 12

H-Set 4Category 11

H-Set 3Category 6

H-Set 3Category 5

H-Set 2Category 4

H-Set 2Category 3

H-Set 1Category 2

H-Set 1Category 1

Technical Requirements for UE and Node BTS 34.121, 9.2.: Demodulation of HS-DSCH

Verify overall performance of


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UE reports

ACK, NACK or DTX

Verify overall performance of

HS-DSCH:

Information bit throughput

R [kbps] based on ACK/NACKevaluation

Fixed Reference ChannelH-set according to UE category ,

predefined redundancy versions

Decision about

new transmissionsor retransmissions

Technical Requirements for UE and Node BTS 34.121/9.3: Reporting of Channel Quality Indicator, AWGN

Verify CQI accuracy in 2 steps:


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CQI Reports: feedback cycle and repetition

factor configured by higher layers

1. CQI shall be in the range of +/-2 of the

reported median more than 90 % of the

time

2. Check HS-DSCH BLER for median CQI,

median CQI +2 and median CQI-1

SS ignores CQI reports by UE, and sets:1. HS-DSCH according to CQI=16

2. HS-DSCH according to

median CQI,

median CQI + 2,median CQI-1

Technical Requirements for UE and Node BTS 34.121/9.3: Reporting of Channel Quality Indicator, Fading


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CQI Reports: feedback cycle and repetition

factor configured by higher layers

Verify CQI accuracy:

Collect events when UE reported medianCQI and median CQI+3, and check

HS-DSCH BLER for these events.

Physical channel parameters for

HS-DSCH set according to

a fixed CQI value

(median CQI)

Technical Requirements for UE and Node BTS 34.121 / 9.4: HS-SCCH Detection Performance

Verify HS-SCCH detection:


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UE respondsACK, NACK or DTX

Probability that UE is signalled on HS-

SCCH but DTX is observed on

corresponding HS-DPCCH

UE under test addressed

via first HS-SCCH


Requirements for UE MAC-hs



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MAC-hs protocol entity in UE handles HARQ, priority

queue routing, re-ordering and disassembly of packets.

Essential for user plane

performance

Specific test cases required

L2

L1

HS-

DSCH

FP

RLC

L2

L1

HS-

DSCH

FP

Iub/ Iur

PHY

MAC

PHY

RLC

Uu

MAC-

hs

MAC-d


TS 34.123-1 - Layer 2

34.123-1 Layer 2


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MAC-hs PDU header handling7.1.5.3

MAC-hs retransmissions7.1.5.4

MAC-hs reset7.1.5.5

MAC-hs Priority queue handling7.1.5.2

MAC-hs reordering and stall avoidance7.1.5.1

TitleSection

MAC-hs transport block size selection7.1.5.6

y


Requirements for UE Higher Layers



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HSDPA specific information elements have been

introduced in RRC and NAS protocols.

HSDPA specific test cases in TS 34.123-1:

40 Layer 3 test cases:Radio Bearer Establishment/Reconfiguration/ReleaseTransport/Physical Channel Reconfiguration

Cell Update

State transitions

Handover (incl. inter-system!) and Serving HS-DSCH cell change

9 Radio Bearer test cases1 NAS test case

Verify handling of

QoS IE to indicate

data rates above8640 kbps


Node B Transmitter Requirements



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16QAM is available as modulation scheme on HS-PDSCH.

Different EVM requirement for

Node B supporting HS-PDSCH

with 16QAM (12.5 % with 16QAM)

New test model 5 for measuringEVM according to TS 25.141

specification

Variants of this test model with

different HS-PDSCH and DPCHnumbers defined

EVM = Error Vector Magnitude

Technical Requirements for UE and Node BNode B Transmitter Requirements: Test Model 5 Variants


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8 HS-PDSCHs, 30 DPCHs




Requirements for Node B Layer 1 Processes


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Fast scheduling, Hybrid ARQ and adaptive modulation and

coding as interaction between Node B and UE are introduced.

Correct detection of ACK/NACK and CQI by the Node B

essential for HSDPA performance

Specific test cases for HS-DPCCH signalling detection in

TS 25.141 (Rel-6)

Reference Measurement Channel for HS-DPCCH (Rel-6)

High Speed Uplink Packet Access

Focus

HSUPA is a 3GPP release 6 Feature for UMTS FDD.


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It is also referred to as FDD Enhanced Uplink.

Main Focus: Enhanced packet transmission in uplink

Uplink data rates up to 5.76 Mbps

Increased capacity and throughput

Reduced delay in uplink transmission

Combined [or independent] HSDPA / HSUPA operation

Example Applications:

video-clips, multimedia, e-mail, gaming, video-streaming, VoIP

Fast scheduling controlled by Node B

Efficient use of uplink radio resources


Key Features (I)


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Efficient use of uplink radio resources

Uplink data sent on new Enhanced Dedicated Channel E-DCH

UE receives scheduling information from different cells in soft handover: one

serving cell, one or more non-serving cells

Uplink resources are granted to UE:

Absolute grant (AG):

Sent by serving cell Initial maximum data rate UE may use

Relative grants (RG):

Sent by serving cell and non-serving cells

UP (only serving cell), DOWN, HOLD

Adaptation of uplink resource consumption in UE accordingly

New MAC-e and MAC-es protocol entities in UE and UTRAN

Short transmission time interval of 2ms


Key Features (II)


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Accelerating packet scheduling for transmission

Support of 2 ms transmission time interval is UE capability 10 ms transmission time interval always supported

Hybrid automatic-repeat-request (HARQ)

Improving robustness against link adaptation errors

Node B requests retransmissions of erroneously receveived uplink data

Node B can combine information from the original transmission with that of later

retransmissions (Soft Combining) In case of soft handover independent HARQ operation in different Node Bs


Principle Node B:Generation of

Scheduling and HARQ Informationfor the User Datart


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E-DPDCH

for the User Data

E-DPC

CH:Info

rmatio

non t

rans

port

fomat

and H

ARQ

used

onE-D

PDCH

UE1

UE2

Relative Grant

Channel

Enhanced Dedicated

Physical Data Channel

E-DPDCH

: Use

rDat

a Enh. DedicatedPhysical Control

ChannelE-DPCCH

E-AGCH: Absolute Resource IndicatorE-RGCH: Relative Resource Indicator

Absolute GrantChannel

E-HICH: Hybrid ARQ ACK/NACK Hybrid ARQ Acknowledge-ment Indicator Channel

Release 6 Issues


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Release 6 Issues

H-Set 6

Receive Diversity

HS-DPCCH ACK/NACK Enhancement

HS-DPCCH Reference ChannelFractional DPCH

HSUPA

Review UMTS Release 5/6 (Extract*)

HSDPA

IMS Phase 1Release 5


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IMS Phase 1

HSDPA Enhancements: HS-DPCCH ACK/NACK Enhancement

Performance Requirements of Receive Diversity for HSDPA

Improved minimum performance requirements for HSDPA UE categories 7 & 8

FDD Enhanced Uplink / HSUPA

Optimisation of downlink channelisation code utilisation (F-DPCH)

Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS)

IMS Phase 2

Release 6

*For complete list of work/study items, see official 3GPP workplan

46893219kbpsNominal Avg. Inf. Bit Rate

ValueUnitParameter

Release 6 Issues

Fixed Reference Channel (FRC) H-Set 6


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16QAMQPSKModulation

810CodesNumber of Physical Channel Codes

0.610.67

Coding Rate

1920019200SMLsNumber of SMLs per HARQ Proc.

115200115200SMLsTotal Available SMLs in UE

153609600BitsBinary Channel Bits Per TTI

22BlocksNumber Code Blocks

93776438Bits

66ProcessesNumber of HARQ Processes

11TTIsInter-TTI Distance

Information Bit Payload ( )INF

N

Release 6 Issues

Coding Rate for H-Set 6 (QPSK)

Inf Bit Payload 6438


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4800

9600

129693

Inf. Bit Payload

CRC Addition

Turbo-Encoding

(R=1/3)

6438

Code Block

Segmentation

1st Rate Matching 9600

Tail Bits129693

3231

CRC246438

RV Selection 4800

Physical Channel

Segmentation

960

Release 6 Issues

Improved Receiver Performance for HSDPA (I)


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Work items related to receiver performance (release 6):

Improved Receiver Performance Requirements for HSDPA Performance Requirements of Receive Diversity for HSDPA

Improved Minimum Performance Requirements for HSDPA UE categories 7/8

Receive diversity:

Enhance coverage, cell capacity and peak data rate in a HSDPA system Shall be an optional capability for a HSDPA UE terminal

10 Code UEs (categories 7 and 8):

Dedicated performance requirements for high end terminals

Changing baseline receiver from RAKE to LMMSE chip level equalizer

Release 6 Issues

Improved Receiver Performance for HSDPA(II)

Outcome so far:


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Enhanced performance requirements for receive diversity (type 1 requirements):

HS-DSCH demodulation

HS-SCCH detection

Enhanced performance requirements for categories 7 and 8 based on

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