HSA Review: Unit Seven

Community Development* Development: Expanding

a local community- building more homes, businesses, roads, stores, etc.

* Discussion Questions:(1) Why can development

be good?

(2) Why can development be bad?

Development Details* Zoning = deciding land use Commercial (business),

Housing, Parks, stadium, etc.- Zoning Boards plan community changes

Controls Community Growth

* Infrastructure: Items that support development Very Expensive to build

*Infrastructure Examples:- Electricity - Sewers/Water treatment- Roads/sidewalks- Telephone/Cable service- Schools & hospitals

Sprawl vs. Smart GrowthSmart Growth

* Def: Develop new suburbs by wasting open lands- Ex. Route 1 in Laurel

* Characteristics:- Wastes Green Space- “leapfrog” development- lots of cars Pollution &

Traffic- separate business strips- need expensive

Infrastructure items

* Def: Revitalizing existing cities/suburbs, protects open land from development- Ex. Downtown Silver Spring (the Majestic area)

* Characteristics: - Preserve Green Space- Well-planned development- Public transportation

dominates- businesses coexist with

residential units- use existing infrastructure

Urban Sprawl vs. Smart GrowthSmart Growth

HSA Connection…

* Explain why members of the Maryland General Assembly might support funding to build a new football stadium in a densely (heavily) populated area rather than in a lightly populated area.

What is Globalization? * Definition: Countries highly

connected economically, culturally, politically, and socially connected

- Cause? modern communication & transportation systems

* Trend World is becoming more interdependent (jointly dependent)

International Committee of the Red Cross* What is it?

- provides humanitarian assistance in wars, health emergencies, natural disasters

* Controversy:

- can’t save everyone all the time

United Nations (UN)* What is it?

- UN tries to find peaceful solutions to world problems

* Controversy :

- countries wary of handing control of their country to the UN

- worries of losing their autonomy (self rule)

Economic International Organizations

World Bank

* What is it?

- gives loans, advice, training to developing nations to eliminate poverty

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

*What is it?

- hopes to prevent worldwide money problems by providing loans to developing countries

Both Controversial:

- developing countries often rack up large debt

to pay back loans

HSA Connection…Which of these is an action the International

Monetary Fund takes to help developing nations?

A. stabilizing currencies

B. supplying medical care

C. resolving border disputes

D. Providing medical technology

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

* What is it? - 26 members (North America & Europe)- defense alliance—protect and secure each member

* Controversy : - created to defend against the now defunct Communist U.S.S.R.

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

* What is it? - economic alliance of US, Mexico, Canada- creates free trade (little/no tariffs & “red tape”) for members to trade

* Controversy : - many agriculture & manufacturing jobs went to Mexico b/c of lower labor costs

Federal Entitlements

* Definition: govt. programs that help the elderly, ill, unemployed

* Cause for Entitlements: Great Depression (1929-30’s)

- ¼ of Americans unemployed

- charities weren’t enough

- FDR’s “New Deal” created programs to help the needy

Major Entitlement Programs

7 million- Payroll taxes from Federal Govt.

Unemployment Insurance fired worker can collect benefits

51 Million

- State & Federal Taxes

Medicaid pays portion of medical care for low-income people

41 Million

- Federal TaxesMedicare pays portion of medical care to elderly

45 million

- Payroll taxes from Federal Govt.

Social Security monthly stipend to elderly & disabled

People Helped

Source of FundingEntitlement Program & Definition

How to Differentiate Medicare from Medicaid?

Medicare:

The elderly need long-term CARE

Medicaid:

The poor need temporary AID

HSA Connection…Which of these has contributed most to the

discussion of reforming the social security system?

A. Americans are not living longer than ever before

B. The number of retired persons has decreasedC. Fewer people are paying taxes to support the

programD. the number of retired persons is increasing

rapidly, while the amount of money going into Social Security is not increasing rapidly

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The Government’s Goals of the US Economy

1. Economic Growth = production increases

2. Price Stability = prices don’t change radically

3. Full Employment = everyone has a job

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Measuring the Economy* In Sports we have different statistics that tell us

how well a player or team is performing. Based upon this data, we as fans are able to judge if a player or team is excelling or struggling.

* In economics, we have statistics that tell us how well the country’s economy is performing. These statistics include: GDP, CPI, and the Unemployment rate. Based upon these statistics, the government is able to take actions (fiscal & monetary policy) to help keep the economy stable.

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Measuring the Health of our Economy

1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) = measures the total value of all new goods & services produced in the USA

Measuring the Health of our Economy2. Consumer Price Index = measures how much

money people spend on consumer goods- Measures inflation (increase in the price of goods)

How Inflation Works?~* On April 23, 2000, you purchased the following on a $5.80

salary:- 1 Movie Ticket $8 - VHS Movie $10- Will Smith CD $12

~* On April 23, 2009, you purchase the following on a $5.80 salary :- 1 Movie Ticket $10- Blue Ray Movie $16- Kanye West’s Greatest Hits Album (MP3) $15

1. Did you have to spend more or less over time to get the same goods?

2. Did the dollar gain or lose purchasing power over time?

Measuring the Health of our Economy

3. Unemployment Rate: measures the percentage of people who want a job, but can’t find one

Comparing & Contrasting Fiscal and Monetary Policy

  

- Money Supply

- Loans & Mortgages

- Taxing & Spending

- budget

Keywords to Help you Remember 

↑ or ↓ Interest Rate

↑ or ↓ Taxes?Recession?↑ or ↓ Govt. Spending

Tools Used to Execute Policy

The Federal Reserve aka “The Fed”

President & CongressWho Controls Policy?

Govt.’s money supply policies

Govt.’s taxing & spending policies

Short Definition

Monetary PolicyFiscal Policy 

Economic Cause & Effect

If the Economy is in a recession

Possible Government Remedies: ↑ or ↓ Taxes

or↑ or ↓ Govt. Spending

or↑ or ↓ Interest Rates

HSA Connection… Which of these actions would the Federal

Reserve most likely take to end a recession?

A. Print more currency

B. Reduce the interest rate

C. sell government securities

D. increase the reserve requirement