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HS-ETH/SW4-Port 10/100BaseT Ethernet Bridge Module

with Layer 2 Switch

Megaplex-2100/2104 Version 11.0

INSTA

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The Access Company

HS-ETH/SW 4-Port 10/100BaseT Ethernet Bridge Module

with Layer 2 Switch Megaplex-2100/2104 Version 0.00

Installation and Operation Manual

Notice

This manual contains information that is proprietary to RAD Data Communications Ltd. ("RAD"). No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without prior written approval by RAD Data Communications.

Right, title and interest, all information, copyrights, patents, know-how, trade secrets and other intellectual property or other proprietary rights relating to this manual and to the HS-ETH/SW and any software components contained therein are proprietary products of RAD protected under international copyright law and shall be and remain solely with RAD.

HS-ETH/SW is a registered trademark of RAD. No right, license, or interest to such trademark is granted hereunder, and you agree that no such right, license, or interest shall be asserted by you with respect to such trademark.

You shall not copy, reverse compile or reverse assemble all or any portion of the Manual or the HS-ETH/SW. You are prohibited from, and shall not, directly or indirectly, develop, market, distribute, license, or sell any product that supports substantially similar functionality as the HS-ETH/SW, based on or derived in any way from the HS-ETH/SW. Your undertaking in this paragraph shall survive the termination of this Agreement.

This Agreement is effective upon your opening of the HS-ETH/SW package and shall continue until terminated. RAD may terminate this Agreement upon the breach by you of any term hereof. Upon such termination by RAD, you agree to return to RAD the HS-ETH/SW and all copies and portions thereof.

For further information contact RAD at the address below or contact your local distributor.

International Headquarters RAD Data Communications Ltd.

24 Raoul Wallenberg Street Tel Aviv 69719, Israel Tel: 972-3-6458181 Fax: 972-3-6498250, 6474436 E-mail: [email protected]

North America Headquarters RAD Data Communications Inc.

900 Corporate Drive Mahwah, NJ 07430, USA Tel: (201) 5291100, Toll free: 1-800-4447234 Fax: (201) 5295777 E-mail: [email protected]

© 1988–2007 RAD Data Communications Ltd. Publication No. 764-231-11/07

mailto:[email protected]


HS-ETH/SW MP-2100/2104 Ver. 11.0 Configuration 1

Quick Start Guide

If you are familiar with the HS-ETH/SW modules, use this guide to prepare the module for operation.

1. Connecting the Cables

Insert the module in the assigned I/O slot.

Connect the prescribed cables to the appropriate module connectors, in accordance with the site installation plan.

2. Configuration

General Module Parameters

Configure the general module parameters using the command DEF CH SS or DEF CH SS IN1, where SS is the HS-ETH/SW slot number.

Parameter Host IP Subnet Mask Aging Time Default Gateway

Range of

Values

Use dotted-quad

format

Use dotted-quad format 16, …, 300, …4080 sec Use dotted-quad format

Parameter Default Interface LAN VLAN ID Priority Forward Delay

Range of

Values

IN1 to IN17 1 to 4094 0, …, 32768, …65535 4, …, 15, …30 sec

Parameter Max Age Hello Time STP Version Mng CL

Range of

Values

6, …, 20, …40 sec 1, 2, …10 sec STP

RSTP

NO

YES

Parameter Mng VLAN Mng VLAN Id Mng VLAN Priority

Range of

Values

NO

YES

1 to 4094 0 to 7

Quick Start Guide Installation and Operation Manual

2 Configuration HS-ETH/SW MP-2100/2104 Ver. 11.0

Configuration of Internal WAN Ports IN2 to IN17

Add a new internal port using the command ADD CH SS, where SS is the HS-ETH/SW slot number.

To change the port parameters, use the command DEF CH SS IN#, where SS is the HS-ETH/SW slot number and # is the desired internal port number, 2 to 17.

Parameter Connect Rate Destination Interface

ML SLot ML CH

Range of Values

YES

NO

n×64 kbps, where n is

as follows:

E1 ports with G732N

framing: 1 to 31

E1 ports with G732S

framing: 1 to 30

T1 ports: 1 to 24

Switching Table

IN1 to IN17

Megaplex-2100:

IO-1 to IO-12

Megaplex-2104:

IO-1 to IO-5

EX1

EX2

Parameter Mode WAN Egress VLAN Mode

WAN to LAN

VLAN Mode L2 Protocol Port Priority

Range of Values

Bridge

Bridge+STP

L3 Subnet Switch

Unmodified

Untagged

Tagged

Double Tagged

Unmodified

UntaggedDouble

Tagged

None

PPP (not

supported)

Bridge+STP mode: 0, …, 128, …255

Other: N/A

Parameter Port Cost MTU WAN VLAN ID WAN VLAN Priority

Range of Values

Bridge+STP mode: 0, …, 32768,

…65535

Other: N/A

L3 Subnet Switch mode: 40 to 1536 bytes

Other: N/A

1 to 4094 0 to 7

Configuration of External (LAN) Ports Parameters

To configure the external LAN port parameters, use the command DEF CH SS # or DEF CH SS EX#, where SS is the HS-ETH/SW slot number and # is the desired external port number, 1 to 4.

Parameter Connect LAN Egress VLAN Mode

VLAN ID Port Connection Table: IN1, EX1, EX2, EX3, EX4

Range of

Values

YES

NO

Unmodified

Untagged

Tagged

Double Tagged

1 to 4094 Yes

No

Configuration of Static Routes

Use the command ADD ROUTE, as explained in the Megaplex-2100/2104 Installation and Operation Manual.

HS-ETH/SW MP-2100/2104 Ver. 11.0 i

Contents

Chapter 1. Introduction 1.1 Overview....................................................................................................................1-1

Purpose and Use.....................................................................................................1-1 Main Features.........................................................................................................1-1

LAN Ports...........................................................................................................1-1 Traffic Handling..................................................................................................1-1 Management Access...........................................................................................1-2

1.2 Typical Applications....................................................................................................1-2 1.3 Physical Description ...................................................................................................1-4

HS-ETH/SW Front Panel...........................................................................................1-4 1.4 Functional Description................................................................................................1-5

Functional Block Diagram ........................................................................................1-5 TDM Bus Interfaces.................................................................................................1-6 Routing Matrix ........................................................................................................1-6 Packet Processor ....................................................................................................1-7

Traffic Sources ...................................................................................................1-7 Packet Processor Functions ................................................................................1-7

Ethernet Switch Subsystem.....................................................................................1-7 Ethernet Switch Description ...............................................................................1-7 Forwarding Algorithms .......................................................................................1-8 VLAN Support.....................................................................................................1-9 Support for Port-Based VLANs............................................................................1-9 Support for 802.1Q Tag-Based VLAN Switching ..................................................1-9 Management Access.........................................................................................1-10

External LAN Port Interface Characteristics ............................................................1-10 IP Connectivity Test Subsystem .............................................................................1-11 Timing Subsystem.................................................................................................1-11 Management Subsystem .......................................................................................1-11

1.5 Technical Specifications............................................................................................1-12

Chapter 2. Installation and Operation 2.1 Introduction...............................................................................................................2-1 2.2 Installing the Module in the Chassis............................................................................2-1 2.3 Connecting the Cables................................................................................................2-2

Connector Data ......................................................................................................2-2 Connecting the Cables ............................................................................................2-2

2.4 Normal Indications .....................................................................................................2-2

Chapter 3. Configuration 3.1 Overview of Configuration Activities ...........................................................................3-1

Outline of Configuration Procedure .........................................................................3-1 Display of Specific Status Information .....................................................................3-2

3.2 Configuration Parameters...........................................................................................3-2 General Module Parameters ....................................................................................3-2 Configuring the Internal Ports 2 to 17 (WAN Ports) .................................................3-5 Configuring the External (LAN) Port Parameters.......................................................3-8 Configuring Static Routes......................................................................................3-10

Table of Contents Installation and Operation Manual

ii HS-ETH/SW MP-2100/2104 Ver. 11.0

3.3 Displaying HS-ETH/SW-Specific Information ..............................................................3-11 Displaying the Module Status and Configuration....................................................3-11 Displaying the External LAN Port Status Information..............................................3-12 Displaying the Internal WAN Port Status Information .............................................3-12

Chapter 4. Troubleshooting and Diagnostics 4.1 Performance Monitoring.............................................................................................4-1

External LAN Port Interface Performance Statistics ..................................................4-2 Internal Port IN1 Performance Statistics ..................................................................4-4

Internal Port IN1 – LAN Side Performance Statistics ............................................4-4 Internal Port IN1 – WAN Side Performance Statistics...........................................4-7

Internal WAN Ports IN2 to IN17 Performance Statistics............................................4-8 Internal WAN Port Status Information.................................................................4-8 Internal WAN Port Performance Statistics ...........................................................4-9

4.2 Checking IP Connectivity – Ping ................................................................................4-10 Overview ..............................................................................................................4-10 DEF PING Command ..............................................................................................4-11 DSP PING Command ..............................................................................................4-11

4.3 Troubleshooting.......................................................................................................4-12 4.4 Frequently Asked Questions.....................................................................................4-13 4.5 Technical Support ....................................................................................................4-13

HS-ETH/SW MP-2100/2104 Ver. 11 Overview 1-1

Chapter 1

Introduction

1.1 Overview

Purpose and Use

This manual describes the technical characteristics, applications, installation and operation of the HS-ETH/SW Ethernet bridge I/O module for the Megaplex-2100 and Megaplex-2104 modular E1/T1 multiplexer systems.

In this manual, the generic term Megaplex is used when the information is applicable to both the Megaplex-2100 and Megaplex-2104 chassis types. The complete designation is used only for information applicable to a specific equipment version.

The HS-ETH/SW has four independent LAN ports, all handled by an internal Ethernet switch. The connection to the WAN is made over timeslot bundles routed to the main links. The number of WAN ports is configured by the user (up to a maximum of 16).

Main Features

LAN Ports

The four LAN ports have 10/100BaseT Ethernet interfaces that use auto-negotiation for plug-and-play Ethernet connectivity. Each Ethernet interface is terminated in an eight-pin RJ-45 connector.

Traffic Handling

The LAN ports are connected to an Ethernet switch with full compliance with the IEEE 802.3/Ethernet V.2 standards. The switch supports port-based and IEEE 802.1Q tag-based VLANs, with characteristics configurable on a per-port basis. The switch operates in the IEEE 802.1Q shared VLAN learning mode (SVL): this means that any MAC address learned in one VLAN is also used for forwarding decisions affecting that address in all the other VLANs.

The maximum frame size supported by the switch is 1536 bytes.

Note

Chapter 1 Introduction Installation and Operation Manual

1-2 Typical Applications HS-ETH/SW MP-2100/2104 Ver. 11

The algorithm used for frame forwarding can be configured in accordance with the application requirements:

• Bridge only

• Bridge and Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), with selection between standard STP and Rapid STP (RSTP)

• IP subnet switching.

The WAN side of the Ethernet switch is connected to a packet processor, that supports transmission to up to 16 separate WAN destinations over separate, independent timeslot bundles that serve as WAN ports. Bandwidth can be assigned to each WAN port in multiples of 64 kbps, up to 31 × 64 kbps per port (but not more than 62 × 64 kbps for the whole module), in accordance with the desired throughput. The timeslot bundle of each WAN port can be routed, through the internal TDM buses, to any main link port.

The packet processor can also provide Layer 3 subnet switching for any WAN port: the port to be used for reaching a specific subnet is configured by means of static routes (up to 100 routes can be defined, each one associated with a specific port of HS-ETH/SW modules installed in the chassis).

A default gateway can also be defined, together with default ports for sending traffic to destinations for which the path is unknown.

HS-ETH/SW is fully compatible with other bridges/routers which support the HDLC protocol on the WAN.

The HS-ETH/SW module handles only IP traffic. Even in bridge mode, it needs a MAC header and a valid IP header in order to operate. However, in the point-to-point service, when IP is not used, you can add VLAN in the ingress port and remove it on the remote egress port.

Management Access

Any one of the external LAN ports of one HS-ETH/SW module installed in the Megaplex can be used to support management communication with the Megaplex management subsystem, as an alternative to the Ethernet port of the CL module.

The HS-ETH/SW module also supports the use of management VLANs.

1.2 Typical Applications

Figure 1-1 shows a basic Layer 2 point-to-point application of the HS-ETH/SW modules.

Note

Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 1 Introduction

HS-ETH/SW MP-2100/2104 Ver. 11 Typical Applications 1-3

Figure 1-1. Typical Point-to-Point HS-ETH/SW Application

Each port of a HS-ETH/SW module operates independently of the other ports, therefore a HS-ETH/SW module can simultaneously provide several bridging connections, each supported by an internal WAN port. The WAN ports can either use different timeslots on the same Megaplex main link, or timeslots on different main links of the same Megaplex chassis. Therefore, the required connectivity is provided over legacy TDM links.

The main link bandwidth assigned to each HS-ETH/SW WAN port can be selected in 64 kbps steps, in accordance with the volume of traffic expected between the nodes attached to two LANs, and the requirements of the applications running on these nodes.

Another application for HS-ETH/SW modules is to provide the connectivity needed to distribute the video generated by VID modules to multiple locations, as shown in Figure 1-2.

Figure 1-2. Typical HS-ETH/SW Application (Video Distribution)

Figure 1-3 shows an application that uses the IP subnet switching feature of HS-ETH/SW modules to provide Layer 3 routing services.


1-4 Physical Description HS-ETH/SW MP-2100/2104 Ver. 11

Figure 1-3. Typical Application for IP Subnet Switching

1.3 Physical Description

The HS-ETH/SW module occupies one module slot in the Megaplex chassis. All the module characteristics are controlled by software.

HS-ETH/SW Front Panel

Figure 1-4 shows a typical HS-ETH/SW panel. The panel has four RJ-45 connectors, designated CH 1 to CH 4, one for each external LAN port.

Each connector has a pair of built-in indicators. The port indicator functions are explained in Table 1-1.

Table 1-1. HS-ETH/SW Port Indicator Functions

No. Indicator Function

1 LINK indicator

(yellow)

• Lights steadily when the corresponding port detects the link integrity signal

(normal condition when there is no data activity)

• Flashes when the port transmits or receives data (normal operating condition)

• Off when the port does not detect the link integrity signal

2 100 indicator

(green)

• Lights steadily when the corresponding port operates at a data rate of 100 Mbps

• Off when the port operates at a data rate of 10 Mbps


HS-ETH/SW MP-2100/2104 Ver. 11 Functional Description 1-5

HS-ETHSW

EthernetPorts1 to 4

LINK Indicator

100 Indicator

Figure 1-4. HS-ETH/SW Module, Typical Panel

1.4 Functional Description

Functional Block Diagram

Figure 1-5 shows the functional block diagram of the HS-ETH/SW module.

The HS-ETH/SW module includes the following main subsystems:

• TDM bus interfaces

• Routing (cross-connect) matrix

• Packet processor

• Ethernet switch

• Ethernet transceivers

• Timing subsystem

• IP connectivity (ping) test subsystem

• Local management subsystem.


1-6 Functional Description HS-ETH/SW MP-2100/2104 Ver. 11

RoutingMatrix

TestSubsystem

LocalManagement

Control

InternalClock & Timing

Signals

To CLModule

Man

agem

ent

Cha

nnel

TDMBus B

Interface

TDMBus D

Interface

TDMBus C

Interface

TDMBus A

Interface

A B C D

PacketProcessor

InternalPort 1

WANInternalPort 2

IN2

WANInternalPort 17

IN17

EthernetSwitch

Inband Management

Channel

EX1EthernetTransceiver CH1

ExternalPort 1


ExternalPort 2


ExternalPort 3


ExternalPort 4

Figure 1-5. HS-ETH/SW Module, Functional Block Diagram

TDM Bus Interfaces

The HS-ETH/SW module has four independent TDM bus interfaces, one for each Megaplex TDM bus. Each TDM bus interface is used to connect timeslots from the corresponding bus to the internal routing matrix of the HS-ETH/SW module, in accordance with the commands received from the CL module.

Routing Matrix

The HS-ETH/SW module includes a routing matrix that controls the signal flow between the four TDM buses and the 16 WAN-side internal ports of the packet processor (these internal ports are designated IN2 to IN17). This enables connecting any internal WAN port to any main link port in the Megaplex chassis. Matrix routing is user-programmable, under the control of the CL module and enables connecting any timeslot to any port.



The user can configure the bandwidth (number of timeslots) assigned to each internal port in multiples of 64 kbps (the range is 1 to 31, corresponding to throughputs of 64 to 1984 kbps). Note however the following restrictions:

• The maximum number of timeslots that can be connected from any internal WAN port to TDM buses is 31

• The total number of timeslots that can be connected from all the module internal WAN ports to TDM buses is up to 62 (corresponding to a maximum data rate of 3968 kbps)

• The maximum number of timeslots that can be actually connected to any main link port depends on the port type and framing (E1 or T1).

Packet Processor

Traffic Sources

The packet processor handles traffic from the following sources:

• One internal port from the Ethernet switch, designated IN1. This port carries traffic received and/or transmitted through the four external Ethernet ports of the HS-ETH/SW module, after processing by the Ethernet switch.

• Up to 16 internal WAN ports, designated IN2 to IN17, which are connected by the routing matrix to the internal TDM buses. These ports carry the traffic directed to the WAN. The number of active ports is configured by the user.

• The IP connectivity test subsystem, which can be used to test IP connectivity between the HS-ETH/SW module and the desired remote IP host using the ping function.

• Megaplex management subsystem, located on the CL module.

Packet Processor Functions

The main function of the packet processor is to manage the flow of packets through the internal WAN ports, IN2 to IN17. The functions to be performed depend on the selected mode:

• For traffic associated with ports using the bridge mode: forwarding is performed in accordance with the MAC address or VLAN.

• For traffic associated with ports using the L3 subnet switching mode, the packet processor determines the packet routing using preconfigured static routes.

The packet processor also collects performance monitoring statistics for the internal WAN ports, and for the traffic exchanged over the internal port IN1 with the Ethernet switch.

Ethernet Switch Subsystem

Ethernet Switch Description

The HS-ETH/SW includes an Ethernet switch with VLAN support that fully complies with the IEEE 802.3/Ethernet V.2 standards and has user-selectable forwarding



algorithms. The switch has memory-based switch fabric with true non-blocking switching performance.

The switch collects a wide range of performance monitoring parameters, which can be read by management.

The Ethernet switch has five ports:

• Four external ports, connected to the four LAN ports of the module (these ports are designated EX1 to EX4).

• One internal port for connection to the WAN side, designated IN1. This port is connected to the packet processor port.

Each port is supported by an independent MAC controller that performs all the functions required by the IEEE 802.3 protocol.

The frames passed by the MAC controller are analyzed by the ingress policy controller of the corresponding port before being transferred to an internal queue controller, which controls the frame egress policy and the internal egress queues of the Ethernet switch. The queues are connected to the ports through separate port egress policy controllers, thereby ensuring that congestion at one port does not affect other ports.

Forwarding Algorithms

The Ethernet switch operates as a MAC bridge, that automatically learns the MAC addresses located on each LAN and WAN port, and forwards the frames accordingly. The Ethernet switch LAN table can store up to 1024 MAC address/port number mappings. Only active MAC address/port number mappings are actually stored: after a user-defined aging interval, inactive mappings are removed from the switch memory.

When used in more complex networks, the forwarding algorithm can be extended to include Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), where the user can select between the basic STP version and the Rapid STP (RSTP) version. The selection is separately made for each WAN port.

The STP parameters, which are used in common by the whole switch, can also be selected by the user, to fine-tune the performance. To help locating forwarding problems, the user can read the STP algorithm status and current parameter values.

When a HS-ETH/SW port is configured to use the L3 subnet switching mode, the traffic is forwarded to the packet processor, which performs the routing decisions in accordance with the static routes prepared for the HS-ETH/SW module with respect to the corresponding subnet.

Note



VLAN Support

The Ethernet switch can use VLAN information to select the ports among which traffic can be forwarded. There are two basic methods:

• Port-based VLANs. See description in the Support for Port-Based VLANs section below

• Tag-based VLAN switching per IEEE 802.1Q. This mode is used to handle traffic in accordance with user-defined forwarding rules that are based on the IEEE 802.1Q tags of the frames. See description in the Support for 802.1Q Tag-Based VLAN Switching section below.

The switch operates in the IEEE 802.1Q shared VLAN learning mode (SVL): this means that any MAC address learned in one VLAN is also used for forwarding decisions affecting that address in all the other defined VLANs.

Support for Port-Based VLANs

The Ethernet switch supports user-defined port-based VLANs. A port-based VLAN is a logical group of ports defined by the user: VLAN traffic is forwarded only among the VLAN member ports. Therefore, in addition to their functional value as tools for controlling traffic flow, port-based VLANs are an important security tool.

The Ethernet switch enables defining port-based VLANs that include any of its four external LAN ports, as well as the port connecting to the HS-ETH/SW packet processor, IN1. See for example Figure 1-6, this VLAN includes the four external LAN ports and the internal port IN1.

Ethernet Switch

EX1

EX2

EX3

EX4

PortBasedVLAN

IN1

Figure 1-6. Example of Port-Based VLAN Functionality

Support for 802.1Q Tag-Based VLAN Switching

To support VLANs, the MAC header of Ethernet frames is increased in size by four bytes. The additional information carried by these bytes includes a tag that identifies the VLAN membership and frame priority. Such tags can therefore be used to differentiate among various types of traffic in accordance with:

• VLAN number (identifier – ID). The range of VLAN IDs that can be assigned by users is 1 to 4094.

• Priority (desired QoS). The range of priority values is 7 (highest priority) to 0 (lowest priority).

Note



Using the VLAN tags, the Ethernet switch can make forwarding decisions, that is, determine the port(s) to which the frame is to be forwarded.

The user can also specify how to handle the frame tags, in accordance with the specific requirements of each application. The available selections include:

Unmodified: the port transfers the tags of the frames forwarded to it without change. Therefore, untagged frames egress the port as untagged frames, and tagged frames egress the port as tagged frames (with their original tag).

Untagged: the port removes one tag from the frames forwarded to it, before egress. Therefore, untagged frames egress the port unmodified, whereas tagged frames are converted to untagged frames before egressing the port (this is performed by removing their tag and recalculating the frame CRC). In addition, double tagged frames are converted to tagged frames before egressing the port (this is performed by removing the first tag and recalculating the frame CRC).

Tagged: all the frames egress the port as tagged frames. Therefore, tagged frames egress the port unmodified, whereas untagged frames are converted to tagged frames before egressing the port (this is performed by adding a tag with the VLAN ID defined for the original ingress port, and recalculating the frame CRC).

Double tagged: a tag is always added to all the frames that egress the port.

Management Access

When the Ethernet port of the CL module is disabled, any one of the external LAN ports of one HS-ETH/SW installed in the Megaplex can be used by management stations to communicate with the Megaplex management subsystem.

The selected HS-ETH/SW port must be specifically configured to enable management: in this case, the Ethernet switch transfers all the management traffic to the CL module, via the internal control buses of the chassis.

The HS-ETH/SW module supports the use of management VLANs: the user can enable tagging for management access and specifying the management VLAN ID and the priority assigned to the VLAN.

Only one Ethernet port in the whole Megaplex chassis may be used for management access. Therefore, if the chassis includes an ML-IP module, it is necessary to prevent management traffic from reaching the ML-IP ports.

External LAN Port Interface Characteristics

Each of the HS-ETH/SW module LAN ports has a 10/100BaseT Ethernet interface for connection to user’s LANs.

Each Ethernet interface supports auto-negotiation, and therefore its data rate (10 or 100 Mbps) and operating mode (half-duplex or full-duplex) are automatically selected. The advertised data rate and mode are always 100 Mbps full-duplex.

Note



Each port is terminated in an RJ-45 connector. The interface supports MDI/MDIX crossover and therefore the port can always be connected through a “straight” (point-to-point) cable to any other type of 10/100BaseT Ethernet port (hub or station).

IP Connectivity Test Subsystem

This subsystem is used to test IP connectivity between the HS-ETH/SW module and a remote IP host using the ping function, part of the ICMP protocol.

The user can select the destination IP address, the number of ping packets being transmitted and their size, together with a time-out interval that automatically ends pinging in case it is not possible to transmit the full number of packets before the time-out expires (for example, because no response is received from the destination, or the transmission of the requested number of ping packets has not been completed).

After pinging is ended, the user can read the information collected by the HS-ETH/SW module:

• Packet transmission reliability: the total number of ping packets sent and the number received, and their difference (the number of lost packets)

• Transmission delays: minimum and maximum round trip times, and the average round trip time for the received packets.

In bridge operation, the pings are sent only to LAN ports.

Timing Subsystem

The HS-ETH/SW timing subsystem generates the various internal clock and timing signals required by the module. These signals are derived from the Megaplex nodal timing, and by local oscillators.

The HS-ETH/SW module cannot provide any timing signals to the Megaplex chassis.

Management Subsystem

The local management subsystem of the HS-ETH/SW module performs two main functions:

• Controls the operation of the various circuits located on the module in accordance with the commands received from the CL module through the Megaplex management channel.

• Controls the routing of traffic through the various interfaces.

Note


1-12 Technical Specifications HS-ETH/SW MP-2100/2104 Ver. 11

1.5 Technical Specifications

Function Ethernet bridge module with internal Ethernet switch

Number of Ports External LAN Ports 4

Internal WAN Ports 16

Traffic Handling User-selectable per port:

• Bridge

• Bridge + STP

• L3 subnet switching

Buffer Size 100 frames

External LAN Port Interface • 10/100BaseT interface with auto-negotiation for selection of operating data rate and mode (half-duplex/full duplex)

• Automatic MDI/MDIX crossover

LED Indicators • LINK (yellow) – ON when Ethernet link integrity signal is detected; flashes when activity is detected on port

• 100 (green) – ON when link is operating at 100 Mbps

Connectors RJ-45 per port

Compatibility Relevant sections of IEEE 802.3u, 802.3x, 802.1p and 802.1Q

Maximum Frame Size Supported

1536 bytes

Internal LAN Traffic Processing

Ethernet switch with four external ports, one port for management subsystem, and one port for traffic toward the WAN ports

Forwarding Protocols • Bridge

• Bridge + STP

Bridge LAN Table 1024 MAC addresses with configurable automatic aging

STP Version User-configurable version and parameters per port:

• STP per IEEE 802.1D

• RSTP per IEEE 802.1W


HS-ETH/SW MP-2100/2104 Ver. 11 Technical Specifications 1-13

VLAN Support • Port-based VLANs

• Tag-based VLAN switching

• Per-port user-selectable ingress and egress tagging policy

Internal WAN Port Bandwidth • User selectable bandwidth per port: n×64 kbps, where n is 1 to 31 (the actual maximum depends on the maximum number of timeslots available on the main link)

• Maximum 62 × 64 kbps per module

Routing to Main Link Each WAN port independently routed to a main link port

Timing Mode Timing derived from Megaplex nodal clock

Power Consumption Max. 5W (1A from +5 VDC)

Management Access Any external LAN port can be configured to enable management of the Megaplex chassis

Configuration Programmable by the Megaplex system management


1-14 Technical Specifications HS-ETH/SW MP-2100/2104 Ver. 11

HS-ETH/SW MP-2100/2104 Ver. 11 Installing the Module in the Chassis 2-1

Chapter 2

Installation and Operation

2.1 Introduction

This Chapter provides installation and operation instructions for HS-ETH/SW modules.

The information presented in this Chapter supplements the general Megaplex installation, configuration and operation instructions contained in the Megaplex-2100/2104 Installation and Operation Manual.

Before performing any internal settings, adjustment, maintenance, or repairs, first disconnect all the cables from the module, and then remove the module from the Megaplex chassis. No internal settings, adjustment, maintenance, and repairs may be performed by either the operator or the user; such activities may be performed only by a skilled technician who is aware of the hazards involved. Always observe standard safety precautions during installation, operation, and maintenance of this product.

The HS-ETH/SW modules contain components sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD). To prevent ESD damage, always hold the module by its sides, and do not touch the module components or connectors.

2.2 Installing the Module in the Chassis

The HS-ETH/SW modules can be installed in an operating chassis (hot insertion). For general installation procedures and safety instructions, refer to the Megaplex-2100/2104 Installation and Operation Manual.

Insert the HS-ETH/SW module in the prescribed I/O slot and fasten it with its two screws.

The module starts operating as soon as it is plugged into an operating Megaplex enclosure.

Warning

Note

Chapter 2 Installation and Operation Installation and Operation Manual

2-2 Normal Indications HS-ETH/SW MP-2100/2104 Ver. 11

2.3 Connecting the Cables

Connector Data

Each LAN port has an RJ-45 connector wired in accordance with Table 2-1.

Table 2-1. LAN Port Connectors, CH1 to CH4, Pin Functions

Pin Designation Function

1 TX+ Transmit + wire

2 TX- Transmit – wire

3 RX+ Receive + wire

4, 5 N.C Not connected

6 RX- Receive – wire

7, 8 N.C Not connected

Connecting the Cables

Identify the cable intended for connection to each LAN port of the module, and connect the cable to the corresponding module connector.

Use a standard (station) cable wired point-to-point for connection to any type of Ethernet port (hub or station).

2.4 Normal Indications

The normal indications provided by the indicators of each HS-ETH/SW LAN port are as follows:

• The LINK indicator is on when the port is connected to an active LAN. When traffic flows, the indicator flashes in accordance with traffic.

• The green 100 indicator lights when the port operates at 100 Mbps.

HS-ETH/SW MP-2100/2104 Ver. 11 Overview of Configuration Activities 3-1

Chapter 3

Configuration

This chapter provides specific configuration information for HS-ETH/SW modules. The configuration activities are performed by means of the management system used to control the Megaplex unit.

The instructions appearing in this chapter assume that you are familiar with the management system being used:

• Supervision terminal or Telnet (covered by the Megaplex-2100/2104 Installation and Operation Manual).

• Network management system, e.g., the RADview network management system (refer to the RADview User's Manual for instructions).

For general instructions and additional configuration procedures, refer to Chapter 5, Chapter 7 and Appendix F of the Megaplex-2100/2104 Installation and Operation Manual.

You will also find relevant background information in Appendix E of the Megaplex-2100/2104 Installation and Operation Manual.

3.1 Overview of Configuration Activities

Outline of Configuration Procedure

The configuration of a new HS-ETH/SW module includes the following main steps:

1. Include the HS-ETH/SW module into the database, using the DEF SYS command.

2. Configure the general HS-ETH/SW module parameters – use the DEF CH or DEF CH IN1 command. See page 3-2.

3. Add the HS-ETH/SW internal WAN ports, IN2 to IN17 – use the ADD CH SS command. To change the configuration of existing internal WAN ports, use the DEF CH IN# command. See page 3-5.

4. Configure the HS-ETH/SW external (LAN) ports, EX1 to EX4 – use the DEF CH EX# or DEF CH # command. See page 3-8.

5. Configure static routes for the HS-ETH/SW module – use the ADD ROUTE command. See page 3-10.

Chapter 3 Configuration Installation and Operation Manual

3-2 Configuration Parameters HS-ETH/SW MP-2100/2104 Ver. 11

Display of Specific Status Information

In addition to the configuration functions listed above, you can display various types of status and configuration information using the DSP ST CH command.

For a description of the performance monitoring parameters available for the HS-ETH/SW module, refer to Chapter 4.

3.2 Configuration Parameters

General Module Parameters

To configure the general parameters of a HS-ETH/SW module, type:

DEF CH SS<Enter> or DSP CH SS IN1<Enter>

where SS is the module slot number.

Table 3-1 lists the general module parameters.

Table 3-1. General Module Parameters

Parameter Function Values

Host IP Used to enter the IP address of the

HS-ETH/SW module.

This address is needed for using the ping

function (without an IP address, the module

cannot send pings and will not answer pings)

Type the desired IP address, using the

dotted-quad format (four groups of digits in

the range of 0 through 255, separated by

periods).

Default: 0.0.0.0

Subnet Mask Used to enter the IP subnet mask associated

with the IP address of the HS-ETH/SW module

Type the desired IP subnet mask, using the

dotted-quad format.

Make sure to select a value whose binary

representation consists of consecutive

“ones”, followed by the desired number of

consecutive “zeroes”.

Default: 255.255.255.0

Aging Time Selects the aging interval for learned MAC

addresses.

If the information for a given MAC address is

not refreshed (that is, no frame with this

address is received) before the selected

interval expires, that information is deleted

from the forwarding table

The allowed range is 16 to 4080 sec.

Default: 300

Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 3 Configuration

HS-ETH/SW MP-2100/2104 Ver. 11 Configuration Parameters 3-3


Default

Gateway

Specifies the IP address (usually an IP router

port) to which packets will be sent when no

next-hop IP address is carried in their

headers, if their IP address is not within the

subnet defined by the Subnet Mask field.

The default gateway is needed to support

the L3 Subnet Switching mode


dotted-quad format.

The default gateway address must be within

the subnet of the HS-ETH/SW IP address.

Default: 0.0.0.0

Default

Interface

Specifies the default interface to which

frames with unknown destinations will be

sent.

The default interface is needed to support

bridge operations

The available selections are IN1, and the WAN

port, IN2 to IN17. Make sure to select an

existing WAN port, and check that the

selected port is connected.

Default: IN1

LAN VLAN ID Specifies the VLAN ID (VID) for frames

forwarded from a WAN port to an external

port when the port WAN to LAN Egress Mode

is configured as Unmodified. The VID must be

unique per module.

The default VID is assigned whenever the

external (LAN) port eggress policy requires

that a tag be added to a frame received from

a WAN port, before egress through an

external port. This occurs when an untagged

frame must be tagged before egress, and

when an already tagged frame must be

double-tagged

The allowed range is 1 to 4094.

Default: 1

Priority Specifies the bridge priority.

This parameter is needed to support bridge

operations when using the STP or RSTP

protocol: the priority value is used, together

with the bridge MAC address, to generate the

bridge ID. Since the selection of the root

bridge of the STP tree is based on the bridge

ID, a bridge can be forced to become root by

assigning it a lower priority value

The allowed range is 0 (highest priority) to

65535 (lowest priority).

Default: 32768

Forward Delay Specifies the time spent in every state before

moving to the next state


Default: 15

Max Age Specifies the maximum age of received STP

protocol information before it is discarded


Default: 20

Hello Time Specifies the time interval between

consecutive transmissions of bridge protocol

data units (BPDUs).

The configured value is used only when the

HS-ETH/SW bridge is the root bridge


Default: 2




STP Version Specifies the STP version to be used by the

HS-ETH/SW bridge

STP Standard STP in accordance with IEEE

802.1D.

RSTP Rapid STP in accordance with IEEE

802.1W.

Default: STP

MNG CL Enables/disables access to the Megaplex

management subsystem via the

HS-ETH/SW ports

NO The Megaplex cannot be managed

through ports of this HS-ETH/SW.

YES The Megaplex can be managed

through ports of this HS-ETH/SW.

When you select YES, pay attention to

the following issues:

1. Make sure to select NO for the Direct

LAN Connection parameter (configured

with the DEF CON SP2 command).

2. If the Megaplex chassis includes an ML-IP

module, make sure the management

traffic cannot reach the ML-IP ports.

3. Do not enable management on any other

Ethernet port within this Megaplex, even

if located on another module.

Default: NO

MNG VLAN

Tagging

Controls the use of VLAN tagging for the

HS-ETH/SW management traffic

YES A VLAN is assigned to management

traffic.

NO Management traffic does not use

VLAN tagging.

Default: NO

MNG VLAN ID When management VLAN tagging is enabled,

specifies the VLAN ID (VID) inserted in

management frames sent via HS-ETH/SW

ports. This VID must be unique per module.

When management VLAN tagging is disabled,

this parameter is ignored


Default: 1 when MNG VLAN Tagging is YES

N/A when MNG VLAN Tagging is NO

MNG VLAN

Priority

When management VLAN tagging is enabled,

specifies the priority assigned to the

management VLAN frames sent via

HS-ETH/SW ports.

When management VLAN tagging is disabled,

this parameter is ignored

The allowed range is 7 (highest priority) to 0

(lowest priority).

Default: 0 when MNG VLAN Tagging is YES

N/A when MNG VLAN Tagging is NO



Configuring the Internal Ports 2 to 17 (WAN Ports)

To configure a new WAN port of a HS-ETH/SW module, type:

ADD CH SS<Enter>

where SS is the module slot number.

The new WAN port number is automatically assigned the next free number, in the range of 2 to 17. The new number appears in the header, Port IN# WAN Parameters: record this number.

After the new WAN port is configured, its configuration can be modified with the DEF CH IN# command, where # is the corresponding port number.

Table 3-2 lists the WAN port parameters.

Table 3-2. WAN Internal Ports (IN2 to IN17) Parameters


Connect Determines whether the corresponding

internal port is connected to a main link

port

YES The corresponding internal port is

connected.

NO The port is disconnected. You can still

program the desired parameters, so that

the port will be ready for operation when

needed.

Default: NO

Rate Selects the main link data rate to be

assigned to the corresponding port.

The selected rate determines the WAN

port throughput

The available selections are multiples of 64 kbps

(n×64 kbps), where the allowed range of n

depends on the destination port:

• E1 ports with G732N framing: 1 to 31

• E1 ports with G732S framing: 1 to 30

• T1 ports: 1 to 24.

The total rate of all the module WAN ports cannot

exceed 3968 kbps (62 timeslots).

Default: 1 × 64 kbps

Destination

Interface

Selects the destination interface for the

WAN port (the interface to which

frames with unknown destinations

received through this internal WAN port

will be sent).

The destination interface is needed to

avoid broadcasting to unnecessary ports

in the bridge mode

Switching Table – the destination is dynamically

selected on the base of the switching table (this

table includes static routes defined by means of

the ADD ROUTE command), the learned MAC

addresses table, and the VLAN switching table.

Always use Switching Table when using the

Bridge+STP and L3 Subnet Switching modes.

IN1 to IN17 – the destination is the corresponding

internal port (make sure to select a different WAN

port, not the port you are configuring!).

Default: IN1

Note




ML Slot Selects the main link module to which

the corresponding WAN port will be

connected.

The module is specified by indicating

the number of the I/O slot in which the

desired module is installed

The allowed range depends on the number of I/O

slots in the Megaplex chassis:

• Megaplex-2100: IO-1 to IO-12.

• Megaplex-2104: IO-1 to IO-5.

Default: IO-1

ML CH Selects the external port of the main

link module, to which the corresponding

WAN port will be connected

The allowed range depends on the number of

external ports on the module installed in the

selected I/O slot.

Default: EX1

Mode Specifies the forwarding algorithm for

traffic passing through the

corresponding WAN port

Bridge – Forwarding in accordance with the MAC

bridge rules.

Bridge + STP – The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is

also activated on this port. The STP version is

selected by means of the STP Version parameter

(see Table 3-1).

L3 Subnet Switching – Packets are routed to their

destination subnet in accordance with static routes

specified in the switching table. Therefore, make

sure that at least one entry of the Subnet type has

been defined for a port configured for this route.

Default: Bridge

WAN Egress

VLAN Mode

Specifies the VLAN tagging policy for

frames egressed through the

corresponding WAN port.

This parameter is not relevant when the

L3 Subnet Switching is used; in this

case, this field displays N/A and cannot

be changed

Unmodified – The port transfers the tags of the

frames forwarded to it without change. Therefore,

untagged frames egress the port as untagged

frames, and tagged frames egress the port as

tagged frames.

Untagged – The port removes one tag from the

frames forwarded to it, before egress. Therefore:

• Untagged frames egress unmodified.

• Tagged frames are converted to untagged

frames before egress (this is performed by

removing the frame tag and recalculating the

frame CRC).

• Double tagged frames are converted to tagged

frames before egress (this is performed by

removing the first tag and recalculating the

frame CRC).

Tagged – All the frames egress the port as tagged

frames. Therefore, tagged frames egress the port

unmodified, whereas untagged frames are

converted to tagged frames before egressing the

port (this is performed by adding a tag with the

WAN VLAN ID defined for the original ingress port

of the frame, and recalculating the frame CRC).




Double Tagged – A tag is always added to all the

frames that egress the corresponding port.

Default: N/A for L3 Subnet Switching

Unmodified for other modes

WAN to LAN

VLAN Mode


frames ingressed through the

corresponding WAN port and forwarded

for egress through an external (LAN)

port (that is, frames sent by packet

processor to the Ethernet switch via the

port IN1).

This parameter is relevant only when

the Destination Interface is IN1 or

Switching Table; for other selections,

this field displays N/A and cannot be

changed

Unmodified – The packet processor transfers the

tags of the frames without change. Therefore,

untagged frames egress to the Ethernet switch as

untagged frames, and tagged frames egress as

tagged frames.

Untagged – the packet processor removes one tag

from the frames before egress. Therefore:

• Untagged frames egress the packet processor

unmodified.


frames before egress to the Ethernet switch

(this is performed by removing their tag and

recalculating the frame CRC).

• Double tagged frames are converted to tagged


(this is performed by removing the first tag and



frames before egressing to the Ethernet switch.

Therefore, in this case the WAN Egress VLAN Mode

must be Untagged.

Default: N/A for IN2 to IN27.

Unmodified for other selections

L2 Protocol Selects the encapsulation method for

Ethernet traffic

None The corresponding internal WAN port uses

HDLC encapsulation. This is the

recommended mode for compatibility with

Megaplex Ethernet modules offered by RAD

that use HDLC encapsulation, for example,

the various HS-ETH module versions.

This option is not available (N/A) in the L3

Subnet Switching mode.

PPP The corresponding internal port uses PPP

encapsulation. This is a future option, not

for use in the current version.

Default: PPP for L3 Subnet Switching.

None for Bridge and Bridge+STP modes

Port Priority Specifies the port priority, used by STP

to generate the port ID.


the Mode is Bridge + STP; for other

selections, this field displays N/A and

cannot be changed


Default: 128 for Bridge + STP mode. N/A

for other modes




Port Cost Specifies the cost added by the port to

the total cost to the root bridge.


the Mode is Bridge + STP; for other


cannot be changed


Default: 32768 for Bridge + STP mode.

N/A for other modes

MTU Specifies the maximum size of the

transport unit for frames egressed

through the corresponding WAN port.

This parameter is relevant only when L3

Subnet Switching is used; for other


cannot be changed

The allowed range is 40 to 1536 bytes.

Default: 1536 for L3 Subnet Switching

N/A for other modes

WAN VLAN ID Specifies the VLAN ID (VID) associated

with this internal WAN port.

This VID is used when the egress policy

for the port to which frames received

through this port requires that a tag be

added (that is, for untagged frames

that must be tagged, or single-tagged

frames to be double-tagged).

The assigned VLAN ID must be unique

per module


Default: 1

WAN VLAN

Priority

Specifies the priority assigned to frames

sent via the port to which frames

received through this port are

forwarded, under the conditions

described above for the WAN VLAN ID

parameter

The allowed range is 7 (highest priority) to 0

(lowest priority).

Default: 0

Configuring the External (LAN) Port Parameters

To configure an Ethernet port of an HS-ETH/SW module, type:

DEF CH SS EX#<Enter> or DEF CH SS #<Enter>

where SS is the module slot number, and # is the number of the external port, 1 to 4.

Table 3-3 lists the external port parameters.



Table 3-3. External (LAN) Port Parameters


Connect Determines whether the Ethernet port is

connected (in use)

YES The external Ethernet port is connected.

In this case, the port accepts and carries

traffic.

NO The port is disconnected. You can still

program the desired parameters, so that

the port will be ready for operation

when needed.

Default: NO

LAN Egress

VLAN Mode


frames egressed through this external

(LAN) port

Unmodified – The port transfers the tags of the

frames forwarded to it without change.

Therefore, untagged frames egress the port as

untagged frames, and tagged frames egress the

port as tagged frames.

Untagged – the packet processor removes one

tag from the frames before egress. Therefore:

• Untagged frames egress the packet

processor unmodified.



(this is performed by removing their tag and


• Double tagged frames are converted to

tagged frames before egress to the Ethernet

switch (this is performed by removing the

first tag and recalculating the frame CRC).

Tagged – All the frames egress the port as

tagged frames. Therefore, tagged frames egress

the port unmodified, whereas untagged frames

are converted to tagged frames before

egressing the port (this is performed by adding

a tag with the VLAN ID defined for the

corresponding external port, and recalculating

the frame CRC).


frames that egress the port. This mode should

be selected only when the external LAN

supports a frame size of at least 1526 bytes.

Default: Unmodified


3-10 Displaying HS-ETH/SW-Specific Information HS-ETH/SW MP-2100/2104 Ver. 11


VLAN ID Specifies the VLAN ID (VID) associated

with this external LAN port.

This VID is used when the egress policy for

the port to which frames received through

this port requires that a tag be added

(that is, for untagged frames that must be

tagged, or single-tagged frames to be

double-tagged).

The assigned VLAN ID must be unique per

module


Default: 1

Port

Connection

Table – EX1 to

EX4, IN1

Used to define port-based VLANs.

A port-based VLAN defines a set of ports

that can exchange traffic.

Make sure to include IN1 whenever traffic

must reach the WAN ports.

Any selection must be symmetrical: for

example, if you connect port EX2 to port

EX4, then you must also configure EX4 to

connect to EX2

For each of the external ports, and for the

internal port IN1, there are two selections:

YES The port being configured is connected to

the corresponding port.

NO The port being configured is not

connected to the corresponding port.

N/A is automatically displayed for the port being

configured.

Default: NO

Configuring Static Routes

The WAN ports of the HS-ETH/SW module can be configured (see Table 3-2) to select the destination interface using the static routing information contained in the Megaplex switching table.

The information needed by each HS-ETH/SW module installed in the Megaplex chassis is defined by means of the ADD ROUTE command, described in Appendix F of the Megaplex-2100/2104 Installation and Operation Manual.

Two types of routing instructions can be specified for HS-ETH/SW ports

• Subnet – used to specify routing information to a subnet. This information is relevant for the L3 Subnet Switch mode. Make sure to define only one routing entry for any subnet handled by a given HS-ETH/SW module.

• VLAN Tag – used to instruct a HS-ETH/SW port to use tag-based switching for forwarding traffic carrying the corresponding VLAN ID.

A VLAN Tag entry must be defined for all the ports that form the path used to forward the traffic of the corresponding VLAN.


HS-ETH/SW MP-2100/2104 Ver. 11 Displaying HS-ETH/SW-Specific Information 3-11

3.3 Displaying HS-ETH/SW-Specific Information

In addition to the configuration functions listed in the previous sections, you can display information on the HS-ETH/SW status and its configuration parameters.

Displaying the Module Status and Configuration

The module status information is displayed using the DSP ST CH SS or DSP ST CH SS IN1 command, where SS is the HS-ETH/SW slot number.

For a general description of the DSP ST command, refer to Appendix F of the Megaplex-2100/2104 Installation and Operation Manual.

> Module : MP-HS-ETH/SW Hardware Config/Status : ------------------------ MAC ADDRESS: 0.20.d2.20.49.f3 Strike any key to continue... Software Configuration : ------------------------ IP CONFIGURATION: ----------------- HOST IP SUBNET MASK Aging Time --------------- --------------- --------------- 172.17.171.231 255.255.255.0 300 Default Gateway Default Interface Lan VLAN ID --------------- ----------------- --------------- 172.17.171.1 IN1 1 BRIDGE PARAMETER ---------------- Priority Forward Delay Max Age Hello Time STP Version -------- ------------- ------- ---------- ----------- 32768 15 20 RSTP MNG CL MNG VLAN Tagging MNG VLAN Id MNG VLAN Priority ------ ---------------- ----------- ----------------- NO NO N/A N/A

The data form header indicates the module type, HS-ETH/SW. The information presented in the data form includes two sections:

• The first section, Hardware Config/Status, includes one item, the MAC address of the module.

• The second section, Software Configuration, displayed after pressing <Enter>, contains the IP configuration parameters selected by the user. The parameters appearing in this section are explained in Table 3-1.

Note



Displaying the External LAN Port Status Information

The external port status is displayed using the DSP ST CH SS EX# or DSP ST CH SS # command, where SS is the HS-ETH/SW slot number and # is the external port number, 1 to 4. A typical status data form is shown below.

Module : HS-ETH/SW Hardware Config/Status : ------------------------ Port EX1 : RATE : 10Mbps Half Duplex Strike any key to continue... Software Configuration : ------------------------ Port EX1 LAN Parameters: ----------------------- Connect LAN Egress VLAN Mode Vlan Id ------- -------------------- ------- YES UNMODIFIED 1 Port Connection Table --------------------- EX1 EX2 EX3 EX4 IN1 --- --- --- --- --- N/A NO NO NO YES

The data form starts with a header that indicates the module type, and includes two sections:

• The first section, Hardware Config/Status, displays the actual data rate and operating mode of the external port (selected as a result of the auto-negotiation process).

• The second section, Software Configuration, displayed after pressing <Enter>, starts with a header that identifies the port type and its function. This section contains the external port configuration parameters, including the port-based VLAN configuration data. The parameters appearing in the Software Configuration section are explained in Table 3-3.

Displaying the Internal WAN Port Status Information

The internal port status is displayed using the DSP ST CH SS IN# command, where SS is the HS-ETH/SW slot number, and # is the desired internal WAN port number, 2 to 17.

A typical status data form, displayed as a result of the DSP ST CH SS IN2 command, is shown below.


HS-ETH/SW MP-2100/2104 Ver. 11 Displaying HS-ETH/SW-Specific Information 3-13

Module : HS-ETH/SW Port IN2 Wan Parameters: ------------------------ Connect Rate Destination Interface ML Slot ML CH -------- ----------------- --------------------- ------------ -------- YES 1x64 = 64 KBPS IN1 IO-1 EX1 Mode WAN to LAN VLAN MODE Wan Egress VLAN Mode ----------------- --------------------- -------------------- BRIDGE UNMODIFIED UNMODIFIED L2 Protocol Port Priority Port Cost MTU ----------- ------------- --------- ---- NONE N/A N/A N/A WAN VLAN ID WAN VLAN priority -------------- ----------------------- 5 0

The data form starts with a header that indicates the module type, followed by the port type and its function. This section contains the internal port configuration parameters. The internal port configuration parameters displayed on the data form are explained in Table 3-2.

HS-ETH/SW MP-2100/2104 Ver. 11 Performance Monitoring 4-1

Chapter 4

Troubleshooting and Diagnostics

This chapter describes the HS-ETH/SW module diagnostic functions. The diagnostic functions available on the HS-ETH/SW module include:

• Collection of performance monitoring data

• Ping for IP connectivity testing.

These functions can be used to identify problems in the network incorporating HS-ETH/SW modules and rapidly locate the cause of the fault: within the HS-ETH/SW module, in its connections to the network or to a user’s equipment unit, or in another network component.

The alarm messages generated by the HS-ETH/SW module are explained in Appendix B of the Megaplex-2100/2104 Installation and Operation Manual.

4.1 Performance Monitoring

The HS-ETH/SW module enables the collection of transmission performance data. The collected data enables the system administrator to monitor the transmission performance for the payload carried by the HS-ETH/SW module, and thus the quality of service provided to users, for statistical purposes.

In addition, when problems are reported, the collected data can be used for diagnostic purposes, because it can help identify the source of the problem.

The following types of performance statistics are available:

• External LAN interface performance statistics, which can be used to monitor the traffic received handled by the external Ethernet port.

• WAN performance statistics for each internal WAN port. Two types of WAN port performance statistics are collected:

Performance statistics for the WAN side, which can be used to monitor the quality of transmission through the network

Performance statistics for the Ethernet traffic sent through the WAN port.

In addition to the performance statistics, the HS-ETH/SW also displays routing information for the selected port.

Separate statistics are collected for the transmit and for the receive directions.

Chapter 4 Troubleshooting and Diagnostics Installation and Operation Manual

4-2 Performance Monitoring HS-ETH/SW MP-2100/2104 Ver. 11

The performance parameters are continuously collected during equipment operation. A separate 32-bit counter is used for each performance parameter, thereby enabling collection of data over very long intervals.

The performance parameters collected by the HS-ETH/SW module are explained below.

External LAN Port Interface Performance Statistics

The external LAN port performance statistics are displayed using the DSP STAT CH SS EX# or DSP CH SS # command, where SS is the HS-ETH/SW slot number and # is the LAN port number.

Two groups of parameters are collected:

• Receive statistics

• Transmit statistics.

The external LAN port performance monitoring parameters are described in Table 4-1.

Table 4-1. External LAN Port Performance Monitoring Parameters

Parameter Description

Receive from LAN Statistics

Total Frames Total number of frames received through the selected external LAN port

Total Bytes Total number of data octets carried by all the frames received through the selected

external LAN port

Unicast Total number of good unicast frames received through the selected external LAN port

Broadcast Total number of good broadcast frames received through the selected external LAN port

Multicast Total number of good multicast frames received through the selected external LAN port

Pause Total number of pause frames (used for flow control) received through the selected

external LAN port

CRC Err Total number of frames received by the selected external LAN port which met the

following conditions:

• Frame data length is 64 to 1518 or 1536 bytes

• Frame has invalid CRC

• No collision or late collision event has been detected

Filtered Total number of valid frames received that are not forwarded to a destination port.

These are frames for which there is no destination port, or are not forwarded due to

the state of the port. Valid frames discarded due to lack of buffer space are not

included.

If security criteria based on IEEE 802.1Q are used on this port: Total number of valid

frames received (tagged or untagged) that were discarded because of unknown VLAN ID

Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 4 Troubleshooting and Diagnostics



Dropped Total number of valid frames received by the selected external LAN port that have been

discarded because of a lack of buffer space. This includes frames discarded at ingress,

as well as those dropped due to priority and congestion considerations at the output

queues. Frames dropped at egress due to excessive collisions are not included in this

count, but are counted by the Excessive Collision counter

Jabber Total number of frames received by the selected external LAN port frames with a data

field length exceeding 1518 or 1536 bytes and having a valid CRC)

Fragments Total number of fragmented frames received at the selected external LAN port

Undersize Total number of frames shorter than 64 bytes

VLAN Pkts Total number of VLAN packets received through the selected external LAN port

Oversize Total number of frames longer than the maximum allowed size (either 1518 or 1536

bytes) and with valid FCS received through the selected external LAN port

64b Total number of 64-byte frames received through the selected external LAN port

65b-127b Total number of frames with size of 65 to 127 bytes received through the selected

external LAN port


external LAN port


external LAN port


external LAN port

1024b-max Total number of frames with size of 1024 to 1518 or 1536 bytes received through the

selected external LAN port

Transmit to LAN Statistics

Total Frames Total number of good frames transmitted by the selected external LAN port

Total Bytes Total number of data octets carried by all the good frames transmitted by the selected

external LAN port

Unicast Total number of good unicast frames transmitted by the selected external LAN port

Broadcast Total number of good broadcast frames transmitted by the selected external LAN port

Multicast Total number of good multicast frames transmitted by the selected external LAN port

Pause Total number of pause frames (used for flow control) transmitted through the selected

external LAN port

CRC Error Total number of frames with invalid CRC transmitted through the selected external LAN

port

Collision Total number of collisions detected at the selected external LAN port

Excess Col Total number of frames not transmitted by the selected external LAN port, because the

frame experienced 16 retransmission attempts and therefore has been discarded




Multiple Col Total number of frames successfully transmitted by the selected external LAN port that

experienced more than one collision

Single Col Total number of frames successfully transmitted by the selected external LAN port that

experienced exactly one collision

Late Col Total number of times a collision at the selected external LAN port has been detected

later than 512 bit-times into the transmission of a frame

Giant Total number of frames longer than the maximum allowed size (either 1518 or 1536

bytes) and with valid FCS received through the selected external LAN port

Underun Total number of buffer underruns experienced at the transmit side by the selected

external LAN port

Internal Port IN1 Performance Statistics

The internal port IN1 connects the WAN side of the Ethernet switch to the packet processor, that handles the tasks related to forwarding and routing to the internal WAN ports (see functional description in Chapter 1). The performance statistics for the internal port IN1 are displayed using the DSP STAT CH SS IN1 command, where SS is the HS-ETH/SW slot number.

Two types of performance statistics are collected for the internal port IN1:

• Performance statistics for the IN1 side connected to the WAN port of the Ethernet switch (which transmits packets to the packet processor). These statistics provide information on the quality of transmission through the network for the whole ensemble of WAN ports. In this section, this side will be referred to as the WAN side.

• Performance statistics for the IN1 side connected to the packet processor, which transmits packets to the Ethernet switch. This side (displayed under the FEC Statistics header) will be referred to as the LAN side.

Separate statistics are collected for the transmit and for the receive directions.

Internal Port IN1 – LAN Side Performance Statistics

The LAN side performance monitoring parameters for the internal port IN1 are described in Table 4-2.

Table 4-2. Internal Port IN1 Performance Monitoring Parameters – LAN Side


Receive Statistics

Total Frames Total number of frames received from the LAN through the packet processor

Total Bytes Total number of data octets carried by all the frames received from the LAN

through the packet processor

Unicast Total number of good unicast frames received from the LAN through the packet

processor




Broadcast Total number of good broadcast frames received from the LAN through the packet

processor

Multicast Total number of good multicast frames received from the LAN through the packet

processor

Pause Total number of pause frames (used for flow control) received from the LAN


CRC Err Total number of frames received from the LAN through the packet processor that

have been dropped as a result of invalid CRC (without failing other criteria, for

example, collisions or out-of-range frame length)

Filtered If the QoS criteria based on IEEE 802.1Q are not used on this port: Total valid

frames received that are not forwarded to a destination port. These are frames for

which there is no destination port, or are not forwarded due to the state of the

port. Valid frames discarded due to lack of buffer space are not included.

If the QoS criteria based on IEEE 802.1Q are used on this port: Total valid frames

received (tagged or untagged) that were discarded because of unknown VLAN ID

Dropped Total number of frames received from the LAN through the packet processor that

have been dropped as a result of due to a lack of buffer space. This includes

frames discarded at ingress as well as those dropped due to congestion at the

output queues.

Frames dropped at egress due to excessive collisions are not included but are

counted by the Excess Col counter of the transmit direction

Jabber Total number of frames received from the LAN through the packet processor

during jabber (such frames are frames with a data field length exceeding 1518 or

1536 bytes and having invalid CRC)

Fragments Total number of fragmented frames received from the LAN through the packet

processor (a fragmented frame is a frame with a data field length less than 64

bytes and invalid CRC, for which no collision event and no late collision event have

been detected during its reception)

Undersize Total number of frames shorter than 64 bytes and with valid FCS received from the

LAN through the packet processor

VLAN Pkts Total number of VLAN packets received from the LAN through the packet processor

Oversize Total number of frames longer than the maximum allowed size (either 1518 or

1536 bytes) and with valid FCS received from the LAN through the packet

processor

64b Total number of 64-byte frames received from the LAN through the packet

processor

65b-127b Total number of frames with size of 65 to 127 bytes received from the LAN











1024b-max Total number of frames with size of 1024 to 1518 or 1536 bytes received from the

LAN through the packet processor

Transmit Statistics

Total Frames Total number of frames transmitted to the packet processor toward the LAN

Total Bytes Total number of data octets carried by all the good frames transmitted to the

packet processor toward the LAN

Unicast Total number of good unicast frames transmitted to the packet processor toward

the LAN

Broadcast Total number of good broadcast frames transmitted to the packet processor

toward the LAN

Multicast Total number of good multicast frames transmitted to the packet processor toward

the LAN

Pause Total number of pause frames (used for flow control) transmitted to the packet

processor toward the LAN

CRC Err Total number of frames received from the LAN through the packet processor that

have been dropped as a result of invalid CRC without failing other criteria)

Collision Total number of collisions detected at the LAN side

Excess Col Total number of frames not transmitted to the packet processor, because the

frame experienced 16 retransmission attempts and therefore has been discarded

Multiple Col Total number of frames successfully transmitted to the packet processor toward

the LAN that experienced more than one collision

Single Col Total number of frames successfully transmitted to the packet processor toward

the LAN that experienced exactly one collision

Late Col Total number of times a collision at the LAN side has been detected later than 512

bit-times into the transmission of a frame

Giant Total number of frames longer than the maximum allowed size (either 1518 or

1536 bytes) with valid FCS transmitted to the packet processor toward the LAN

Underun Total number of buffer underruns experienced at the transmit side to the packet

processor



Internal Port IN1 – WAN Side Performance Statistics

The WAN side (FEC Statistics) performance monitoring parameters for the internal port IN1 are described in Table 4-3.

Table 4-3. Internal Port IN1 Performance Monitoring Parameters – WAN Side


Receive Statistics

Total Frames Total number of frames received by the Ethernet switch from the packet processor

Total Bytes Total number of data octets carried by all frames received by the Ethernet switch

from the packet processor

Unicast Total number of good unicast frames received by the Ethernet switch from the

packet processor

Broadcast Total number of good broadcast frames received by the Ethernet switch from the

packet processor

Multicast Total number of good multicast frames received by the Ethernet switch from the

packet processor

Pause Total number of pause frames (used for flow control) received by the Ethernet

switch from the packet processor

CRC Err Total number of frames received by the Ethernet switch from the packet processor

that have been dropped as a result of invalid CRC (without failing other criteria, for

example, collisions or out-of-range frame length)

Overrun Total number of overrun events detected at the packet processor

Not Align Total number of frames not aligned with 32-bit boundaries received by the

Ethernet switch from the packet processor

Undersize Total number of packets with size less than 64 bytes received by the Ethernet

switch from the packet processor

Oversize Total number of packets with size more than 1518, respectively 1536 bytes,

received by the Ethernet switch from the packet processor

Overflow Total number of buffer overflow events detected at the receive from the packet

processor side of the Ethernet switch

Transmit Statistics

Total Frames Total number of good frames transmitted by the Ethernet switch to the packet

processor

Total Bytes Total number of data octets carried by all the good frames transmitted by the

Ethernet switch to the packet processor

Underun Total number of buffer underruns experienced at the transmit to the packet

processor side

Late Col Total number of times a collision at the transmit to the packet processor side has

been detected later than 512 bit-times into the transmission of a frame

Multiple Col Total number of frames successfully transmitted by the Ethernet switch to the

packet processor that experienced more than one collision



Internal WAN Ports IN2 to IN17 Performance Statistics

The internal WAN port performance statistics are displayed using the DSP STAT CH SS IN# command, where SS is the HS-ETH/SW slot number and # is the desired internal WAN port, 2 to 17.

The following information is presented:

• Forwarding or routing information for the corresponding port

• Performance statistics for the traffic received from the WAN through the selected internal WAN port

• Performance statistics for the traffic transmitted to the WAN through the selected internal WAN port.

Internal WAN Port Status Information

The information describing the current status of the selected internal WAN port is explained in Table 4-4.

Table 4-4. Internal WAN Port Status Information


Interface Identifies the internal WAN port (IN2 to IN17)

Routing Type Displays the mode selected for this internal port:

• Bridge – forwarding in accordance with the MAC bridge rules.

• Bridge + STP – the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is also activated on this port.

• L3 Subnet Switching – packets are routed to their destination subnet in

accordance with static routes specified in the switching table.

STP State Displays the current state of the STP protocol at this internal WAN port:

• Disabled – the port does not allow frames to enter (ingress), nor leave

(egress). No learning takes place through this port.

• Blocked – the port blocks all the frames.

• Listening – the port listens to incoming frames, but does not allow frames to

pass in either the ingress or egress direction (only management frames are

allowed to enter; all the other frames are discarded).

• Learning – the port listens to incoming frames, but does not allow frames to

pass in either the ingress or egress direction (only management frames are

allowed to enter). The bridge uses the port for learning.

• Forwarding – normal operation: all the frames are allowed to enter (ingress)

and leave (egress) the port. Learning takes place on all good frames, even if

not they are not management frames

Time Displays the aging time of bridge protocol information




RSTP Role Displays the current role of the internal WAN port with respect to the RSTP

protocol:

Disabled – the port is disabled.

Root – the port is designated as the root port of the bridge

Alternate – the port is designated as the alternate root port

Backup – the port serves as a backup port

Status Displays the current internal WAN port status:

Disconnected – the port is configured as disconnected.

Down – the port is down as a result of a problem

LCP – the port performs PPP synchronization

Up – the port operates normally and can carry traffic

Internal WAN Port Performance Statistics

The information describing the current WAN port status is explained in Table 4-5.

Table 4-5. Internal WAN Port Performance Monitoring Parameters


Receive from WAN Statistics

Total Frames Total number of frames received from the WAN side by the selected internal WAN

port

Total Bytes Total number of data octets carried by all the frames received from the WAN side

by the selected internal WAN port

OverRun Total number of buffer overruns experienced at the receive side of the selected

internal WAN port

CD Lost Total number of carrier detect losses experienced at the receive side of the

selected internal WAN port

CRC Err Total number of frames dropped by the internal WAN port as a result of invalid

CRC, but without failing any other criteria

Abort Total number of frames dropped by the selected internal WAN port as a result of

the following conditions:

• Frame data length not in the allowed range (64 to 1518 or 1536 bytes,

depending on mode)

• Overrun during frame reception

• Detection of receive abort sequence

• Received frame not octet-aligned

Not Aligned Total number of frames not aligned on 32-bit boundaries that have been received

by the selected internal WAN port

Long Frame Total number of long frames received by the selected internal WAN port

DPLL Err Total number of loss of timing recovery detected at the selected internal WAN port


4-10 Checking IP Connectivity – Ping HS-ETH/SW MP-2100/2104 Ver. 11


Discarded Total number of frames received by the selected internal WAN port that have been

dropped as a result of due to a lack of buffer space

Transmit to WAN Statistics

Total Frames Total number of frames transmitted through the selected internal WAN port

Total Bytes Total number of data octets carried by all the good frames transmitted by the

selected external WAN port

UnderRun Total number of underrun events that occurred during transmission through the

selected internal WAN port

Discarded Total number of frames dropped as a result of congestion in the path from the

LAN to WAN. This counter is updated after each buffer flushing

4.2 Checking IP Connectivity – Ping

Overview

The HS-ETH/SW module supports the ping function, part of the ICMP protocol. This function enables checking the IP connectivity between the HS-ETH/SW module and a remote IP host.

When sending ping packets from the HS-ETH/SW module, the ping source address is the module IP address defined by means of the DEF CH SS command (where SS is the HS-ETH/SW module I/O slot).

1. You can use the ping function only for a HS-ETH/SW module that is physically installed in the specified I/O slot.

2. On the bridge mode, the module sends and accepts pings only through its LAN ports.

The ping parameters are defined by means of the DEF PING SS command. Using this command, the user can select the destination IP address, the number of ping packets being transmitted and their size, together with a time-out interval that automatically ends the test in case the test cannot be completed before the time-out expires (for example, because no response is received from the destination, or the transmission of the requested number of ping packets has not been completed).

After completing the test, use the DSP PING SS command to display the information collected by the HS-ETH/SW module as a result of the last DEF PING command (any previous results for the same I/O slot are erased when the DEF PING command is executed).

Two types of information are displayed:

• Packet transmission reliability: the total number of ping packets sent and the number received, and their difference (the number of lost packets)

Notes


HS-ETH/SW MP-2100/2104 Ver. 11 Checking IP Connectivity – Ping 4-11

• Transmission delays: minimum and maximum round trip times, and the average round trip time for the received packets.

DEF PING Command

Table 4-6 explains the parameters selected by means of the DEF PING command.

Table 4-6. DEF PING Command Parameters


Ping IP Address Specifies the destination IP address for the

ping packets


dotted-quad format (four groups of

digits in the range of 0 through 255,

separated by periods)

Packet Size Specifies the size of the ping request packets

that will be sent

The allowed range is 32 to 1444 bytes

Timeout (sec) Specifies the maximum time, in seconds, to

wait for a response, before deciding that no

response has been received

The allowed range is 1 to 65 seconds

Number of

Requests

Specifies the total number of ping request

packets to be sent

The allowed range is 3 to 255

You can also enter the value 0, which is

interpreted as a stop current ping

command

DSP PING Command

Table 4-6 explains the results of the last DEF PING command for the same I/O slot, as displayed by means of the DSP PING command.

Correct results are displayed only after the last DEF PING command for the same I/O slot is successfully completed. If the command failed, that is, no response has been received from the specified destination, you will see a Request Timed Out message.


4-12 Troubleshooting HS-ETH/SW MP-2100/2104 Ver. 11

Table 4-7. DSP PING Command Parameters


Final Result Qualifies the information presented in the data form displayed by the command entered

by you

• Not Updated – the results have not yet been updated, and should be ignored.

• Not Final Result – the command is still being executed, and therefore you should repeat

the command later to read meaningful results.

• Final Result – the displayed results are valid

Packets Sent Displays the total number of ping request packets that have been sent (maximum 255)

Packets

Received

Displays the total number of ping response packets that have been received (maximum

255, however it cannot exceed the number of sent requests)

Packets Lost Displays the total number of lost packets (the difference between Packets Sent and

Packets Received)

Min Round Trip

Time (ms)

Displays the minimum measured time between the transmission and reception of a ping, in

milliseconds (the supported range is 0 to 65535)

Max Round Trip

Time (ms)

Displays the maximum measured time between the transmission and reception of a ping,

in milliseconds (the supported range is 0 to 65535)

Average Round

Trip Time (ms)

Displays the average time calculated for all the successfully received ping responses, in

milliseconds (the supported range is 0 to 65535)

4.3 Troubleshooting

In case a problem occurs, check the displayed alarm messages and refer to Appendix B of the Megaplex-2100/2104 Installation and Operation Manual for their interpretation.

If the problem is detected the first time the module is put into operation, perform the following preliminary checks before proceeding:

• Check for proper module installation and correct cable connections, in accordance with the system installation plan.

• Check the module and all the port configuration parameters in accordance with the specific application requirements, as provided by the system administrator.

If after collecting all the relevant information, the problem appears to be related to the operation of the HS-ETH/SW module, perform the actions listed below, until the problem is corrected:

• Check IP connectivity to the required destinations using the DEF PING/DSP PING commands.

If the test fails, there is a problem with the transmission through the IP network (you can use the DSP STAT CH command to display the performance monitoring statistics for the external LAN ports) or with the HS-ETH/SW module.

Note


HS-ETH/SW MP-2100/2104 Ver. 11 Technical Support 4-13

If the HS-ETH/SW answers pings to its IP address, repeat the test after carefully checking all the configuration parameters of the module and its internal ports. If the problem persists, replace the module and check again.

• If pings are satisfactorily answered, use the DSP STAT CH command to display the performance monitoring statistics for the internal port IN1 and for the internal WAN ports that are configured to carry the traffic to the to the required destinations. Analyze the results and try to locate the problem to the physical links and/or Ethernet switches and routers handling the HS-ETH/SW traffic.

4.4 Frequently Asked Questions

Q Can I use the HS-ETH/SW module in the Megaplex-2100/2104 E1 Ring application?

A The current version of Megaplex (12.XX) supports only Point-to-point E1 Ring applications. Shared LAN support is planned for the future versions.

Q What is the delay of Ethernet frames?

A The delay is one frame. Note that the delay varies according to the input burst size.

4.5 Technical Support

Technical support for this product can be obtained from the local distributor from whom it was purchased.

For further information, please contact the RAD distributor nearest you or one of RAD's offices worldwide. This information can be found at www.rad.com (offices – About RAD > Worldwide Offices; distributors – Where to Buy > End Users).

http://www.rad.com/


4-14 Technical Support HS-ETH/SW MP-2100/2104 Ver. 11

24 Raoul Wallenberg Street, Tel Aviv 69719, Israel

Tel: +972-3-6458181, Fax +972-3-6483331, +972-3-6498250

E-mail: [email protected], Web site: http://www.rad.com

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