HAZARDS RISK MANAGEMENTDR.RIDWAN HARRIANTO MHSC(OM).SP.OK

Hazard:

Any condition which has the potential to cause injury or harm to health

Types of hazards

Chemical hazardsPhysical hazardsBiologic hazardsErgonomic hazardsPsychological hazards

Chemical hazards

Excessive airborne concentrations of vapors, gases, or aerosols in the form of dusts, fumes, or mists.

Physical hazards

Excessive levels of ionizing and non ionizing radiation.

Noisevibrationextremes of temperature and pressure

Biologic hazards

Infection by insects molds fungi bacterial viral rickettsial Chlamydia agents

Ergonomic hazards

Improperly designed tools, equipment, or work areas

unusual and unnecessary lifting or reaching

poor visual conditionsexcessive vibrationrepeated forceful motions in awkward postures.

Psychological hazards

Inadequate communicationInterpersonal conflictconflict with organizational goallack of promotional opportunityinadequate resources to accomplish job

inadequate authority to accomplish job

work overload / under loadshift work

The requirements for a safety system (Hawkles,1987)

Management must know of the hazards of the institution and understand how hazards can give rise to accidents and understand the consequences

facilities and equipment must be suitable for avoiding dangerous situations and for controlling hazards

systems and procedures must be provided for operation, maintenance and management of the facilities and equipment

Staffing must be provided in sufficient numbers and with appropriate supervision and training

system must be implemented which promptly identify emergency situations and measures which mitigate the risk

system must be develop which monitor the risk management performance of employees and audit the risk management systems and performance

risk management must be promote throughout the organization

Hazard risk management:

The interaction process used by an organization to identified, evaluate and control hazards to reduce the risk of injury

o Reduction in Material and Property Damage.

o Effective Mission Accomplishment.

o Reduction in Serious Injuries and Fatalities.

The Benefits of Risk Management

RISK :Hazard risk management :

Gambling :

AN EXPRESSION OF POSSIBLE LOSS IN TERMS OF SEVERITY AND PROBABILITY

Using sound concepts to Detect, HAZARDS and Estimate the Risk they Pose.

Making Risk Decisions Without Reasonable or Prudent Assessment or Management of the Risk Involved

Four steps in the management of hazards

Risk identification Risk evaluation Risk Assessment Risk control and Monitoring (Management strategies)

Risk identificationThe process of recognizing the presence of hazards

The most important step in the whole process because if the hazards are not identified and assessed, then the safety system will be lacking.

Once the hazards are identified, one of the most effective and cheapest ways to improve safety for the institution is to introduce inherent safety in the design process

Risk identification requires :

Historical dataScientific literatureWorkplace inspections / safety audits

Hazards analysis

Historical data

o Past statistical data o event e.g. accidents/incidentso injuries/fatalitieso contributing factors e.g. design/equipment

Scientific literatures

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

National/provincial injury statistic

Bulletins/ journals from the international Occupational Safety and Health associations (NIOSH, AIHA, ACGIH, OSHA etc.)

Standards and codes

Workplace inspection Direct observation (equipment, machinery, chemical inventories, processes/ procedures, the physical plant, training programs/ hazard controls)

discussion with employees, supervisors, line manager, health and safety representative, employer, insurance company loss control representatives.

employee questionnaire checklist

Hazard analysis

Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA)What if AnalysisFailure Mode and Effects Analysis(FMEA)

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Analysis

Fault Tree Analysis & Even Tree Analysis

Management Oversight & Risk Tree (MORT)

“What if “analysis : The unloading of chemical from a road tanker to a storage tank

What if …………….The chemical is the wrong concentration?

the tank overflowed?the tank valve was closed?the delivery hose come off?the tanker driver drove off with the hose still attached?

the chemical flowed back into the tanker ?

A PHA for a road tanker loading flammable liquids at a filling station

Hazard PossibleCauses

PossibleConsequence

Mitigating/PreventionMeasures

Spill of flammableliquid

Tanker overfill

Filling hose failure

Driver uncouplesHose which stillContains liquidDriver drives offWhilst stillconnected

Spillage of whichcan lead to a poolfire if ignited

Tanker overfillprotection

Regular inspectionof hosesTraining of truckdrivers

Brake interlocksfor the truck toprevent driveaways

FMEA table for these failure modes for a pump which unloads LPG from the storage tank at the station to the pump

Failuremode

Detectionmethod

Equipmentaffected

Safetysystemresponse

Comments

Pump stops

Pump runs on

Pump casingholed

No fuel atpumpCan hear thepumpcontinuouslyrunningLPG release

None

Pumpset

Possibleignition and jetFire andBLEVE

Phone gascompany

-excess flowvalve on tankcould operate-manual/automatic shutdown-evacuate area

System canhandle thisNot critical

Critical –ImmediateActionrequired

Risk Evaluation

measurement of potential exposures

determining existing controlsconsequences of these risk probability and frequency of risk occurring

exposure category

Measurement of potential exposure

Air monitoring (personal breathing zone sampling, area monitoring)

Noise exposure evaluation (sound level meter, noise dosimeter)

Consequences of the risk

I .CATASTROPHIC

II .CRITICAL

III.MARGINAL

IV.NEGLIGIBLE

may cause death or loss of a facility

severe occupational illness or major property damage

minor occupational illness resulting in loss workdays or minor property damage

probably would not affect personnel safety, but never - the less is in violation of specific criteria

Probability and frequency risk occurring

[ A ] Likely to occurring immediately or within a short period of time when exposed to the hazard

[ B ] Probably will occur in time

[ C ] Possible to occur in time[ D ] Unlikely to occur

Exposure category

( 1 ) > 50 different person regularly exposed to the hazard

( 2 ) 10 - 49( 3 ) 5 - 9( 4 ) <5

Risk assessment

Prioritizing risks which is an integral part of the risk management process

compare against risk criteriabalance the benefits/ disbenefits of allowing the risk against the benefits/disbenefits of risk control

Prioritizing riskMinor risk - accept - low likelihood, low impact

Moderate risk - specify risk management measures - low likelihood and high impact, and vice versa

Major risk - develop risk action plan - high likelihood, high impact

MAKE RISK DECISIONS

Consider Risk Control Options Start with Most Serious Risk FirstRefer to preliminary Hazard Analysis

CausesDoes Benefit Outweigh RiskCommunicate with Higher Authorityif Required

RISK CONTROLS Administrative Controls good house keeping, safe work procedure, identify residual risk

Engineering Controls - Substitute the hazard

Replace one chemical with another which is less harmful

- Remove chemical from process

(wet method , local & general/ dilution exhaust) - Isolate the hazard

(apply physical barriers, enclose all stage of process) - Minimize the potential error

(minimize energies, use warning devise)

Personal Protective Equipment

SUPERVISE

Monitor for Effectiveness of Controls

Watch for Changes

Risk management implementation

Management commitmentWritten policyOH&S CommitteeCommunicate the policyManage risks at the organization levelManage risks at the program, project

and team levelMonitor and review