Hraba. Hraba and Grant (1970) Black dolls and White dolls n Black IS beautiful n A re-examination of...
-
Upload
sofia-perez -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
0
Transcript of Hraba. Hraba and Grant (1970) Black dolls and White dolls n Black IS beautiful n A re-examination of...
HrabaHraba
Hraba and Grant (1970) Black dolls and White dolls Hraba and Grant (1970) Black dolls and White dolls
Black IS beautifulBlack IS beautiful
A re-examination of racial A re-examination of racial preference and identificationpreference and identification
Some background….Some background….
This study replicates a classic study by Clark & Clark (1939) where children were asked to choose between black and white dolls
Some background….Some background….
Clark & Clark found that Black children
preferred White dolls and rejected Black dolls when asked to choose which were NICE, which looked BAD, which they would LIKE to play with and which were a nice colour
Some background….Some background….
The Clark & Clark findings suggested that Black children had negative attitudes towards themselves and their cultural background
The Clark & Clark study was replicated over a 20 year period with similar results
Hraba and Grant - Black is beautifulHraba and Grant - Black is beautiful
THE TOPIC THE TOPIC Racial identification, self awareness
and preference in Black-American children
Hraba and Grant - Black is beautifulHraba and Grant - Black is beautiful
THE QUESTION Do Black-American children
demonstrate ‘Black’ racial preference and racial self identification?
Hraba and Grant - Black is beautifulHraba and Grant - Black is beautiful
KEY TERMSKEY TERMS civil rights ethnocentrism identity race & racism role model segregation
Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautifulHraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful
What Hraba & Grant didWhat Hraba & Grant did
They replicated the Clark & Clark study They replicated the Clark & Clark study & procedures as much as possible& procedures as much as possible
Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautifulHraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful
The participantsThe participants 160 children aged between 4 and 8160 children aged between 4 and 8
All attended primary schools in Lincoln All attended primary schools in Lincoln Nebraska, USANebraska, USA
89 were Black and 71 were White89 were Black and 71 were White
Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautifulHraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful
The ethnicity of the population of the town The ethnicity of the population of the town of Lincolnof Lincoln
1.4% of population were Black1.4% of population were Black In the 5 schools used in the studyIn the 5 schools used in the study 3%, 3%, 3%, 7%, 18% were Black3%, 3%, 3%, 7%, 18% were Black
70% of Black child Ps had White friends70% of Black child Ps had White friends
Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautifulHraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful
The procedureThe procedure
Children interviewed individually using Children interviewed individually using a set of four dollsa set of four dolls
Two Black dolls and two White dollsTwo Black dolls and two White dolls They were identical except for colourThey were identical except for colour
Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautifulHraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful
Each child was asked these 8 questionsEach child was asked these 8 questions Give me the doll that you want to play withGive me the doll that you want to play with Give me the doll that is a nice dollGive me the doll that is a nice doll Give me the doll that looks badGive me the doll that looks bad Give me the doll that is a nice colourGive me the doll that is a nice colour Give me the doll that looks like a White childGive me the doll that looks like a White child Give me the doll that looks like a coloured childGive me the doll that looks like a coloured child
Give me the doll that looks like a Negro childGive me the doll that looks like a Negro child Give me the doll that looks like youGive me the doll that looks like you
Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautifulHraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful
These four questions were to These four questions were to measure RACIAL PREFERENCEmeasure RACIAL PREFERENCE
Give me the doll that you want to play withGive me the doll that you want to play with Give me the doll that is a nice dollGive me the doll that is a nice doll Give me the doll that looks badGive me the doll that looks bad Give me the doll that is a nice colourGive me the doll that is a nice colour
Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautifulHraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful
These three questions were to These three questions were to measure racial awareness or measure racial awareness or knowledgeknowledge
Give me the doll that looks like a White childGive me the doll that looks like a White child Give me the doll that looks like a coloured childGive me the doll that looks like a coloured child
Give me the doll that looks like a Negro childGive me the doll that looks like a Negro child
Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautifulHraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful
This question measured This question measured RACIAL self-identificationRACIAL self-identification
Give me the doll that looks like youGive me the doll that looks like you
Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautifulHraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful
The resultsThe results Give me the doll that you want to play withGive me the doll that you want to play with
83% white Ps chose White doll83% white Ps chose White doll 70% Black Ps chose Black doll70% Black Ps chose Black doll
Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautifulHraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful
The resultsThe results Give me the doll that is a NICE dollGive me the doll that is a NICE doll
70% White Ps chose White doll70% White Ps chose White doll 54% Black Ps chose Black doll54% Black Ps chose Black doll
Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautifulHraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful
The resultsThe results Give me the doll that looks badGive me the doll that looks bad
34% White Ps chose White doll34% White Ps chose White doll 36% Black Ps chose Black doll36% Black Ps chose Black doll
Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautifulHraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful
The resultsThe results Give me the doll that is a nice colourGive me the doll that is a nice colour
48% White Ps chose White doll48% White Ps chose White doll 69% Black Ps chose Black doll69% Black Ps chose Black doll
Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautifulHraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful
The resultsThe results Both Black and White children Both Black and White children
preferred dolls of their own racepreferred dolls of their own race
White Ps were more ethnocentric on White Ps were more ethnocentric on questions 1 and 2, but there was no questions 1 and 2, but there was no difference on question 3difference on question 3
Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautifulHraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful
The resultsThe results Clark & Clark found that Black children at Clark & Clark found that Black children at
all ages preferred White dollsall ages preferred White dolls
Hraba and Grant found that Black Hraba and Grant found that Black children at all ages preferred Black children at all ages preferred Black dolls and this preference increased dolls and this preference increased with agewith age
Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautifulHraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful
Categorisation of PsCategorisation of Ps C & C and H & GC & C and H & G
light light (practically white)(practically white) medium medium (light brown to dark brown)(light brown to dark brown)
dark dark (dark brown to black)(dark brown to black)
Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautifulHraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful
Clark & Clark found that the light Clark & Clark found that the light children showed greatest children showed greatest preference for White dolls, and the preference for White dolls, and the dark children the least preferencedark children the least preference
Hraba and Grant found no such Hraba and Grant found no such trendtrend
Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautifulHraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful
For questions 5 to 8For questions 5 to 8
Children made FEW errors of Children made FEW errors of racial identificationracial identification
Race of the interviewer had no effect Race of the interviewer had no effect on choices of either W or B childrenon choices of either W or B children
Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautifulHraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful
There was no relationship between There was no relationship between choice of doll and the race of the choice of doll and the race of the respondent’s friendsrespondent’s friends
23 black children answered questions 23 black children answered questions 1 to 4 preferring the black doll; 20 of 1 to 4 preferring the black doll; 20 of these had white friendsthese had white friends
20 white children answered preferring 20 white children answered preferring the white doll; 12 had black friendsthe white doll; 12 had black friends
Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautifulHraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful
ConclusionConclusion Great change between 1939 and 1969Great change between 1939 and 1969
Black people more proud of their Black people more proud of their race in 1969 than in 1939race in 1969 than in 1939
Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautifulHraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful
ConclusionConclusion Great change between 1939 and 1969Great change between 1939 and 1969
The growth of organisations in the The growth of organisations in the Black community may have Black community may have enhanced Black prideenhanced Black pride
Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautifulHraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful
ConclusionConclusion Great change between 1939 and 1969Great change between 1939 and 1969
Inter racial contact might create Inter racial contact might create Black prideBlack pride
Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautifulHraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful
But Clark & Clark did not perform But Clark & Clark did not perform their study in Lincoln Nebraskatheir study in Lincoln Nebraska
Perhaps Black children in Lincoln, Perhaps Black children in Lincoln, unlike other cities, may have unlike other cities, may have chosen Black dolls in 1939?chosen Black dolls in 1939?
Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautifulHraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful
Discussion pointDiscussion point Can children’s preferences for Can children’s preferences for
dolls tell us anything about their dolls tell us anything about their racial identity?racial identity?
Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautifulHraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful
Discussion pointDiscussion point Given the ages of the children - Given the ages of the children -
what factor might have affected what factor might have affected their answerstheir answers
[Think about Samuel & Bryant][Think about Samuel & Bryant]
Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautifulHraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful
The H & G replication shows us that The H & G replication shows us that social psychological findings are social psychological findings are inevitably the product of a particular inevitably the product of a particular point in historypoint in history
and how important it is to review the and how important it is to review the findings of classic studiesfindings of classic studies
Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautifulHraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful
The findings suggest that there had been a change in the consciousness of black children over the 20 year period
Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautifulHraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful
THE TOPICTHE TOPIC Racial identification, self awareness and
preference in Black-American children
THE QUESTION Do Black-American children demonstrate
‘Black’ racial preference and racial self identification
Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautifulHraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful
Social history of USA in 1960sSocial history of USA in 1960s
The Civil Rights movementThe Civil Rights movement Martin Luther KingMartin Luther King Militant Black leadershipMilitant Black leadership Desegregation of schools and collegesDesegregation of schools and colleges
Hraba and Grant - Black IS beautifulHraba and Grant - Black IS beautiful
Methodology?Methodology?
Ethical Issues?Ethical Issues?
Ethnocentrism?Ethnocentrism?
Links with other studies?Links with other studies?
Hraba and Grant - Black IS BeautifulHraba and Grant - Black IS Beautiful
the endthe end