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PAW PRINTS 2015 Newsletter Editor:

Donna Otero

4975 Friendly Farms Road

Greensboro, NC 27406

[email protected]

GMKC by-laws state that the newsletter is to be

distributed 2 weeks IN ADVANCE OF THE GENERAL

MEETING. Therefore, ALL articles and information for

the newsletter need to be submitted by the TUESDAY

that is 2 WEEKS FOLLOWING THE GENERAL

MEETING. For the August 2015 newsletter, I will

need all your information by July 28, 2015.

Opinions expressed in this newsletter are those of the

contributor and do not necessarily reflect the views of

GMKC either as a group or individually.

Advice or helpful hints should never be taken as

substitutes for personal veterinary counsel.

Contact and referral persons are in no way guaranteed

by the GMKC

2015 Officers and Directors

President—John Schoeneman

Vice President—Martha Milligan

Secretary—Janet Broome

Treasurer— Gene Hains

Board of Directors

Beth Warren

Lynn Rowell

Pat Ginocchio

INSIDE THIS ISSUE

AKC Communicates 1

June 2015 General Meeting Minutes 2

June 2015 Board Meeting Minutes 3

RV For Sale 4

Exercise Induced Collapse 5

Brags 7

Canine Food Recall 8

Karen’s Korner 9

July 2015

Volume 15, I ssue 6

Greater Monroe Kennel Club

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ACK%20COMM%20June%2026.docx

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GMKC MEETING MINUTES - June 9, 2015 Meeting called to order 7:05 p.m.

Secretary’s Minutes: Motion to approve, Martha Milligan, Second Ginger Russell, voted to approve

unanimous.

President’s Report: None this month.

Secretary’s Report: None this month.

Treasurer’s Report: We have been reimbursed by Fayetteville $6,800, Salisbury owes $500. We have

paid interest and principle on property, paid Pedro to mow the property. Motion to approve Treasuer’s

Report by Randy Jackson, Beth Warren seconded. Motion to approve unanimous.

Membership Report: There are 16 members present, one guest- Lisa Payne attending this meeting, her

second visit. Read the membership application for David and Kathy Trone, vote taken for membership,

vote was unanimous. Welcome to GMKC David and Kathy Trone.

Pet Safe Report: No report this month.

Unfinished Business:

AKC is not returning the $1000 donation for our logo on the trailer; we have no report

from AKC where that trailer is located or logo will be used.

Membership Committee – we have not selected members for the newly formed

Membership Committee, this new committee’s members’ mission will be discussed at

the board meeting.

Show Committee Report: Our next show is the August Agility Show on August 6-9, 2015. We will

have a B Match on Wednesday, August 5. Premium list is out, motel space has been reserved.

B-Match: We need members who can work the rings for the B match on August 5;

the match starts at 3 p.m. and runs until finished Wed. evening. Members who can

work the rings from the beginning until the end will be paid $50 (max. to be

determined). Six people have promised to work the Wednesday Match.

End of Show on Sunday evening: We also need people who can work on Sunday

afternoon until the agility show is finished. Workers are needed to break down

equipment and the rings, get equipment ready to get loaded on the trailer and

break down rings when the show is over Sunday evening.

John needs help in parking RV’s on August 6 and 7, he will be gone during that time.

Randy Jackson has offered to help.

Reservations have been made for Laurene and judges at the Comfort Suites.

Meeting adjourned 7:21 p.m.

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GMKC BOARD MEETING –June 9, 2015

Called to order at 7:30 p.m.

Present: John Schoeneman, Martha Milligan, Gene Hains, Beth Warren, Janet Broome, Lynn Rowell, Pat

Ginocchio.

Secreary’s Minutes: Motion to approve by Pat, seconded by Lynn. Vote to approve.

Unfinished Business:

Membership Committee: Motion from board meeting was approved to organize a

membership Committee in the near future to review and implement rules for

membership to GMKC. The board members had previously suggested this newly formed

committee be formed to consider and review future rules for membership to GMKC but

to date (and a review of board minutes), the members haven’t yet been selected. At an

upcoming board meeting, members will be chosen and a date set for the committee to

meet to review membership rules and suggest implementation of changes if needed.

Board members suggested we look at rules of other dog clubs to see what changes would

benefit GMKC. Suggestions will be discussed at the next board meeting and date set for

members chosen for the newly formed committee and first meeting of this committee.

Show Committee: Treasurer requested we review and list rental charges for CDT for matting rental (in

Obedience) and charges for CDT per run in agility. This will be reviewed and charges set at the next

board meeting.

Meeting adjourned 7:50 p.m.

END OF MEETING REPORTS

___________________________________________________________________________________

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FOR SALE Newmar Dutchstar Motor Home 2000 38 ft long

300 Cat Diesel which was replaced by a remanufactured engine 50K ago Has new stove rebuilt furnace, automatic satellite dish electric awning, new laminate floor, 2 /

heat pumps, 50 amp gen. good tires, new basement floor and all damaged doors replaced ,just

professionally cleaned, queen size bed ,2 sofas one which is a sofa bed. Also has tow bar and

buddy braking system for a car.

Price $27,500 firm .

Contact me @ 610-659-3974 or via Email

Dan Rader

Submitted by Bobbe Jackson

tel:610-659-3974

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From AKC Canine Health Foundation

Exercised Induced Collapse

Exercise Induced Collapse: An Overview

Exercised Induced Collapse (EIC) is a genetic syndrome, predominately occurring in Labrador

Retrievers. Affected dogs show signs of muscle weakness, lack of coordination, and life-

threatening collapse when participating in strenuous exercise or activity. Dogs that have EIC are

prone to mild-to-severe collapse that can range from dragging of the hind legs to complete

collapse. Most affected dogs have been from field-trial breedings. Black, yellow and chocolate

Labradors of both sexes are affected, with the distribution of colors and sexes closely reflecting

the typical distribution in field trials (black males are most common.) Affected dogs can tolerate

mild to moderate exercise, but just 5 to 20 minutes of strenuous activity or even extreme

excitement can induce weakness or collapse. EIC is also seen in Chesapeake Bay Retrievers

and Curly Coated Retrievers. Dogs Affected with EIC usually cannot tolerate intense retriever

training, but can live normal lives as house pets.

Causes of Exercise Induced Collapse

For years veterinarians evaluated affected dogs for episodes of collapse, and speculated that

their episodes were due to heat intolerance, low blood sugar, cardiac arrhythmias or possibly

metabolic myopathies. Now, EIC has been established as an autosomal recessive syndrome

caused by a mutation in the DNM1 gene, which causes a defect in nerve communication during

intense exercise. To be effected a dog must receive a defective gene from both parents.

In dogs with EIC, certain factors can cause collapse:

Temperature: Actual ambient temperature is not a critical factor contributing to collapse,

but if the temperature is much warmer or the humidity is much higher than what the dog is

used to, collapse may be more likely. Affected dogs are less likely to collapse while

swimming than when being exercised on land. There are dogs, however, who have

exhibited collapse while breaking ice retrieving waterfowl in frigid temperatures and there

are dogs that have drowned when experiencing EIC-related collapse in the water.

Excitement: A dog's level of excitement plays a role in inducing the collapse. There are

some severely affected dogs that, if very excited, do not require much exercise to induce the

collapse. Dogs with EIC are most likely to collapse when engaging in activities that they find

very exciting or stressful. This can include retrieving birds, participating in field trials, training

drills with electric collar pressure, and quartering for upland game.

Type of Exercise: Routine exercise such as jogging, hiking, swimming, waterfowl

hunting and even agility training are not very likely to induce an episode in dogs with EIC.

Activities with continuous intense exercise, particularly if accompanied by a high level of

excitement or anxiety most commonly cause collapse. Activities commonly implicated

include grouse or pheasant hunting, repetitive "happy retrieves", retrieving drills or repetition

of difficult marks or blinds where the dog is being repeatedly corrected or is anticipating

collar correction, and running alongside an ATV.

Preventing Exercise Induced Collapse

Responsible breeding is the key to preventing EIC. The EIC mutation is fairly prevalent (25%) in

Labrador Retrievers and is seen in some of the most successful field trial lines, thus it

unreasonable to suggest breeding only dogs that are "clear" of this mutation. However, "affected"

dogs should not be bred, and "carrier" dogs should only be bread to "clear" dogs. Whenever a

dam or sire of a litter is a known carrier of EIC, puppies should be tested before 7 weeks of age.

Symptoms of Exercise Induced Collapse

Signs to look for include:

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Weakness after 5-15 minutes of strenuous exercise

Lack of coordination

Dragging of rear legs

Dazed, confused appearance

Collapse

Staggering, falling to one side, or difficulty maintaining balance is common during

recovery

Diagnosing Exercise Induced Collapse

There is a specific DNA test for EIC. The University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic

Laboratory offers testing of blood, semen, dew claw or cheek swab and provides three levels of

results: Clear, Carrier, or Affected. A Clear result means that the dog has two copies of the

normal EIC gene. A Carrier result means that the dog has one copy of a normal EIC gene and

one mutated copy of the gene. Carrier dogs do not show signs of EIC. Carrier dogs, pass on the

mutated gene, on average, to half of their offspring. An affected result means that a dog that has

two copies of the mutated EIC gene. These dogs are susceptible to collapse episodes under their

trigger conditions. An affected dog will pass on the mutated EIC gene to all of its offspring. By

mating an affected dog to a clear dog, a litter that is made up of 100 percent carrier offspring will

be produced no clears, but also no affecteds.

Signs become apparent in young dogs as they enter heavy training - usually between 7 months

and 2 years of age. Dogs with EIC are always normal at rest and are usually described as being

extremely fit and athletic.

Treating Exercise Induced Collapse

Treatment for EIC consists of avoiding intensive exercise in conjunction with extreme excitement,

and ending exercise at the first sign of weakness. However, numerous anecdotal reports show

that dogs may be able to resume trigger activities (i.e. competition, retrieving) when they are

treated with the anti-seizure medication, Phenobarbital. Phenobarbital and other sedative drugs

may simply decrease the dog's level of excitement or anxiety, thereby decreasing the likelihood of

collapse. In some dogs; however, Phenobarbital administration will cause noticeably impaired

judgment, interfering with training or trialing. Phenobarbital also has potential side effects, so it

should only be administered under the direction and monitoring of a veterinarian.

Care for Dogs with Exercise Induced Collapse

Dogs symptomatic for EIC must be retired from the activities that cause them to collapse. When

trigger activities are limited, dogs with EIC can live normal lives. Many affected field trial dogs

have been adopted out as pets, and if intense exercise, excitement and training stressors are

avoided, dogs with EIC typically never experience another episode of collapse.

The AKC Canine Health Foundation and Exercise Induced Collapse

CHF has funded the research that determined the genetic cause of EIC in the Labrador Retriever.

Subsequent grants have been approved to investigate the genetic cause of EIC in other sporting

breeds.

Submitted by Janet Broome

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BRAGS

Congratulations to taffy

For obtaining her CGC and Therapy Dog Certificates

Submitted by Karen Phillips

GCH Cachet’ n Czar Kiser Hit 1 Outta The Park at Raklyn “Cassi” took 3 Major Selects to obtained her Grand Championship last weekend at the

Richmond Va. Shows.

Submitted by Donna Otero

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Canine Food Recall

On July 2, 2015, the Maryland Department of Agriculture has issued a "Stop-Sale" order on Stella and Chewy's Freeze Dried Chicken Patties dog food which has tested positive for Listeria bacteria.

Listeria is not only dangerous to dogs, it can also be deadly to small children,

the elderly and those with an autoimmune disease.

To learn which products are affected, please visit the following link:

Stella and Chewy's Stop-Sale Order and Potential Dog Food Recall

Please be sure to share the news of this alert with other pet owners.

Mike Sagman, Editor The Dog Food Advisor

http://clicks.aweber.com/y/ct/?l=DUfoY&m=3YIfELtCUAO0_1z&b=POgfcy9FeDdoqDQ0aPnqdQ

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Karen’s Korner

All Articles in this section were

submitted by Karen Phillips

Corn Allergen List

No Ear Plucking!

Ophthalmology: Medical Conditions

Cataract Surgery for Dogs

Ophthalmology - Special Services, Technology, & Information

CURCUMIN: WHY IT IS THE SPICIEST

TOPIC THESE DAYS

SHOULD COMPANION ANIMALS WHO

HAVE CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE EAT

LOWER PROTEIN DIETS?

U of I pet column: New dog flu invites

closer look at viruses, vaccines

HOT! HOT! HOT!

Karen’s Korner

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Corn Allergen List

The lists of corn products, ingredients and additives that I provide are not intended to be

exhaustive, for that would be impossible to compile. There are many additives that are derived from corn that we do not know about, and often the employees of food

companies do not know either. Plus, corn derivatives can be found in everything from body powder to shampoo (I've reacted to both)! The FDA, at this time, does not regulate

corn to the extent that it does, say, peanuts, so we corn allergy sufferers are truly on our own. (Click here for a printable List in a separate browser window.)

PLEASE NOTE: In addition to the items on this list not including everything that contains corn, not

everything on this list will contain corn. It is that they can contain corn, and therefore may need to be

outright avoided or used cautiously. Read more about this on the Corn Allergens as Ingredients page. The

items identified with an asterisk * are the most common items that might not always contain or be derived from corn. Proceed with caution!

Acetic acid

Alcohol

Alpha tocopherol

Artificial flavorings

Artificial sweeteners

Ascorbates

Ascorbic acid

Aspartame (Artificial sweetener)

Astaxanthin

Baking powder

Barley malt* (generally OK, but

can be contaminated)

Bleached flour*

Blended sugar (sugaridextrose)

Brown sugar* (generally OK if no

caramel color)

Calcium citrate

Calcium fumarate

Calcium gluconate

Calcium lactate

Calcium magnesium acetate

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

pthalate (HPMCP)

Inositol

Invert syrup or sugar

Iodized salt

Lactate

Lactic acid*

Lauryl glucoside

Lecithin

Linoleic acid

Lysine

Magnesium citrate

Magnesium fumarate

Magnesium stearate

Maize

Malic acid

Malonic acid

Malt syrup from corn

Malt, malt extract

Maltitol

Maltodextrin

Maltol

Maltose

Mannitol

Methyl gluceth

Methyl glucose

Methyl glucoside

http://www.cornallergens.com/list/corn-allergen-printable-list.php

http://www.cornallergens.com/list/corn-allergen-printable-list.php

http://www.cornallergens.com/list/corn-allergen-ingredients.php

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(CMA)

Calcium stearate

Calcium stearoyl lactylate

Caramel and caramel color

Carbonmethylcellulose sodium

Cellulose microcrystalline

Cellulose, methyl

Cellulose, powdered

Cetearyl glucoside

Choline chloride

Citric acid*

Citrus cloud emulsion (CCS)

Coco glycerides

(cocoglycerides)

Confectioners sugar

Corn alcohol, corn gluten

Corn extract

Corn flour

Corn oil, corn oil margarine

Corn starch

Corn sweetener, corn sugar

Corn syrup, corn syrup solids

Corn, popcorn, cornmeal

Cornstarch, cornflour

Crosscarmellose sodium

Crystalline dextrose

Crystalline fructose

Cyclodextrin

DATUM (a dough conditioner)

Methylcellulose

Microcrystaline cellulose

Modified cellulose gum

Modified corn starch

Modified food starch

Molasses* (corn syrup may be

present; know your product)

Mono- and di- glycerides

Monosodium glutamate

MSG

Natural flavorings*

Olestra/Olean

Polenta

Polydextrose

Polylactic acid (PLA)

Polysorbates* (e.g. Polysorbate 80)

Polyvinyl acetate

Potassium citrate

Potassium fumarate

Potassium gluconate

Powdered sugar

Pregelatinized starch

Propionic acid

Propylene glycol*

Propylene glycol monostearate*

Saccharin

Salt (iodized salt)

Semolina (unless from wheat)

Simethicone

Sodium carboxymethylcellulose

Sodium citrate

Sodium erythorbate

Sodium fumarate

Sodium lactate

Sodium starch glycolate

Sodium stearoyl fumarate

Sorbate

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Decyl glucoside

Decyl polyglucose

Dextrin

Dextrose (also found in IV

solutions)

Dextrose anything (such as

monohydrate or anhydrous)

d-Gluconic acid

Distilled white vinegar

Drying agent

Erythorbic acid

Erythritol

Ethanol

Ethocel 20

Ethylcellulose

Ethylene

Ethyl acetate

Ethyl alcohol

Ethyl lactate

Ethyl maltol

Fibersol-2

Flavorings*

Food starch

Fructose*

Fruit juice concentrate*

Fumaric acid

Germ/germ meal

Gluconate

Gluconic acid

Sorbic acid

Sorbitan* (anything)

Sorbitol

Sorghum* (not all is bad; the syrup

and/or grain CAN be mixed with corn)

Splenda (Artificial sweetener)

Starch (any kind that's not

specified)

Stearic acid

Stearoyls

Sucralose (Artificial sweetener)

Sucrose

Sugar* (not identified as cane or beet)

Threonine

Tocopherol (vitamin E)

Treacle (aka golden syrup)

Triethyl citrate

Unmodified starch

Vanilla, natural flavoring

Vanilla, pure or extract

Vanillin

Vegetable anything that's not

specific*

Vinegar, distilled white

Vinyl acetate

Vitamin C* and Vitamin E*

Vitamins*

Xanthan gum

Xylitol

Yeast*

Zea mays

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Glucono delta-lactone

Gluconolactone

Glucosamine

Glucose*

Glucose syrup* (also found in IV

solutions)

Glutamate

Gluten

Gluten feed/meal

Glycerides

Glycerin*

Glycerol

Golden syrup

Grits

High fructose corn syrup

Hominy

Honey*

Hydrolyzed corn

Hydrolyzed corn protein

Hydrolyzed vegetable protein

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

Return to Karen’s Korner

No Ear Plucking!

by Barbara Bird CMG

Contrary to what you may have been taught, requested, or commanded in the past,

the current advice from veterinary dermatologists is that plucking ear hair can do

more harm than good. Rather than prevent ear infections, this procedure can

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actually create a greater likelihood of infection by damaging the tender inner ear

tissue and allowing a foothold for bacteria to thrive.

In her presentation to Tucson groomers, “Ears: What Every Groomer Needs to

Know”, Dr. Heide Newton, DVM, DACVD plainly stated that groomers should stop

plucking ear hair from inside dog’s ears. “Healthy ears are self-cleaning”, stated Dr.

Newton. She encouraged groomers to continue the practice of ear cleaning,

however, using products formulated for ear care, and massaging the base of the ear

to allow the product to loosen wax and debris from deep in the ear canal.

Another clear statement from Dr. Newton was that “Bathing with clean water will

NOT cause ear infections.” Contaminated water may introduce microbes that lead to

ear infections, but clean water is not a problem.

The possibility of cross-contamination from an infected ear to the other ear or

another animal is the one area where groomers might be at fault. It is very possible

for pseudomonas bacteria to transfer from the ear to various surfaces and then be

picked up by other animals or even humans. The most obvious sign of a

pseudomonas infection is what vets call a “purulent exudates.” Translation: yucky

discharge. If the groomer suspects an ear infection, Dr. Newton suggested the

following protocol:

1. Clean the GOOD ear first.

2. If the ear with the suspected infection is cleaned, be gentle and use a non-

stinging ear cleaner. The groomer may also choose to not clean an ear with a

suspected infection, especially if it looks serious.

3. Disinfect everything that the dog has contact with or might spray with shaking

of the ears. This includes, your hands, the tub, the faucets, any tools, the table,

the kennel and bedding, and the tip or spout of the ear cleaner bottle.

In addition to ear discharge, other signs of ear abnormality are redness, itchiness,

odor, swollen tissue of outer ear, hair loss on earflap, and scabs or scaliness. Ear

problems are often quite complex and difficult to nail down and treat. A referral to

the veterinary dermatologist can result in a quicker and more accurate diagnosis and

more effective treatment, thus lessening the time the pet has to suffer with

uncomfortable, often painful conditions. By encouraging pet parents to seek

treatment for suspected ear problems, the professional groomer is serving the needs

of the pet.

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Veterinary dermatologists such as Dr. Newton, undergo several years additional

training and examinations beyond that required of general practitioners. Dr. Newton

is part of Dermatology for Animals, a network of veterinary dermatologists serving

the Southwest United States. In addition to working full-time in the Tucson practice,

she currently serves on the American College of Veterinary Dermatology (ACVD)

Exam Committee (the certifying board) and is a lecturer for the North American

Veterinary Dermatology Forum (NAVDF) Resident Education Forum.

Additional References:

Pseudomonas Article

http://www.allergyearskincare.com/animal-care/component/content/article/81.html


Ophthalmology: Medical Conditions

Common Ophthalmic Conditions Corneal ulcers The surface of the eye is commonly injured and usually heals spontaneously without treatment or predictably with supportive treatments. But these injuries may result in ulceration of the cornea, which may become infected by bacteria or become deep enough to threaten loss of the vision and the eye. Diagnosis is made by complete ophthalmic examination. Treatment involves topical antibiotic therapy supported by surgical intervention to stabilize deep ulcers or wounds. With early aggressive treatment, outlook for healing is generally good. Glaucoma Glaucoma is increased pressure within the eye leading to permanent vision impairment. It is an inherited condition in many breeds of dogs and some cat breeds. It also occurs secondary to other ocular disorders such as inflammation, tumors, trauma in all species. The outlook for preserving vision in eyes with inherited glaucoma is guarded, with early diagnosis and treatment yielding the best results. Diagnosis is made by tonometry - a measurement of intraocular pressure. Management is both medical, using topical pressure control drugs made for people, and surgical, to reduce eye pressure and achieve comfort. Cataracts Cataracts develop as common inherited defects in dogs and some other

http://www.allergyearskincare.com/animal-care/component/content/article/81.html

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species. Most diabetic dogs develop secondary blinding cataracts. There are no proven or approved medical treatments to prevent, retard, or reverse cataract development, but cataract surgery is performed successfully on animals. Dogs are the most common recipients and most get intraocular lens implants like people do, returning durable useful vision. Uveitis This inflammation within the eye is commonly associated with ocular and systemic infections, immune-mediated and metabolic disorders, and is a frequent cause of temporary and permanent vision loss. Treatment and prognosis depend upon stage at diagnosis, causes, and control of associated medical conditions. Diagnosis is based upon complete ophthalmic examination and treatments include topical and systemic anti-inflammatory medications. Retinal degeneration Retinal degeneration is common in dogs and some other species. It is often an inherited defect but also can result from exposure to certain drugs or chemicals. In dogs, it may occur suddenly for unknown reasons. It is diagnosed by complete ophthalmic examination . Few retinal degenerations are treatable; most eventually result is severe vision impairment and blindness. Return to Karen’s Korner

Cataract Surgery for Dogs

By definition a cataract is any focal or diffuse opacity of the normally transparent lens. Cataracts are commonly caused by inherited defects of the lens, metabolic disorders

(most commonly diabetes mellitus), and traumatic injuries. Many, but not all cataracts,

progress in one or both eyes to cause vision impairment and blindness. Pets with cataracts

can be evaluated for cataract surgery and have the surgery performed at the Cornell University Hospital for Animals by a veterinary ophthalmologist.

Appointments for cataract surgery evaluations are scheduled for Monday and Tuesday mornings.

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Prior to this appointment, we recommend that your dog have a complete physical examination by your veterinarian

and two blood tests (a complete blood count and chemistry panel) and a urinalysis performed within one month before the appointment.

The results of these should be brought with you to the appointment. After a complete eye examination is performed on your pet,

the procedures involved in cataract surgery will be discussed with you. In most instances, dogs can be admitted from this appointment

for surgery that same week. Most dogs are hospitalized for three to four days. Priorto the surgery, two additional tests will be performed: electroretinography (ERG) and an ultrasound examination. The ERG assesses the function of the retina, the light-sensitive layer of the eye;

the ultrasound examination looks for retinal detachment. If retinal function is poor by ERG determination or if the retina is detached, surgery may not be performed.

Cataract surgery is performed under general anesthesia, usually on both eyes at the same time. An intraocular lens (IOL) is usually inserted

after the cataract has been removed. The success rate of uncomplicated cataract surgery is 85 to 90%. Postoperative concerns include

excessive postoperative inflammation, bleeding, glaucoma (increased eye pressure), and retinal detachment. Note that these complications

are also common in eyes with blinding cataracts that are not operated

on!

Because dogs’ eyes develop more serious inflammation than human eyes after cataract surgery, they must receive treatments

(a combination of pills, eye drops, and ointments) several times daily for four to six weeks after this surgery. They also must be rechecked

by a veterinary ophthalmologist two or three times during this period. Both postoperative treatments and follow-up are critical to achieve

the best results!


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Ophthalmology - Special Services, Technology, & Information Glaucoma Glaucoma is a common eye disease in dogs, cats, and horses in

which the intraocular pressure (IOP) is abnormally high. It often

results in irreversible blindness and is usually painful for the

animal. Glaucoma can occur spontaneously in certain breeds of

dogs (primary glaucoma) or may be caused by cataracts, lens

displacement, inflammation, trauma or certain forms of cancer of

the eye (secondary glaucoma). Canine glaucoma is divided into 2

major groups: primary and secondary. With primary glaucoma,

the drainage angle in the eye is too small, causing fluid to “back

up” in the eye and raise the IOP. This occurs primarily in

purebred dogs.

Breeds Predisposed to Glaucoma

Primary glaucoma most commonly afflicts dogs at 3-7 years of

age but can occur at any age. The disease is most frequently

seen in Cocker Spaniels, many of the terrier breeds, Poodles,

Beagles, Chow-Chows, Bassett Hounds and Dalmatians.

However, primary glaucoma has been identified in almost every

breed of dog.

Effects of Elevated IOP

The effects of elevated IOP in the dog vary with the age of the

animal, duration and levels of IOP. Primary glaucoma often

occurs in one eye initially, but develops in the other eye within

weeks to months. Dogs with early glaucoma may only have a

mild redness to the eye. Moderate forms of glaucoma cause a

bluish-white discoloration of the cornea, and may cause blindness

in the effected eye. It is important to understand that high

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elevation in the IOP causes irreversible damage to the retina and

optic nerve in a very short period of time (24-48 hours). As a

result, glaucoma is considered an emergency, and requires

immediate treatment if vision is to be maintained. Glaucoma that

is severe and lasts more than 10-14 days often causes an

enlargement of the eye.

Diagnosing Glaucoma

There are 3 methods that are particularly useful in the diagnosis

of glaucoma: (1) tonometry, (2) gonioscopy, and (3)

ophthalmoscopy. Tonometry involves measuring the IOP with an

instrument, most commonly a Schiotz Tonometer or a TonoPen.

Normal IOP in dogs can range between 12 and 25 mm Hg and

the two eyes should be similar in pressure. Gonioscopy is a

diagnostic procedure to examine the angle of the anterior

chamber. This is done by placing a gonioscopic lens on the

cornea and using a hand-held slit lamp to permit magnification of

the angle. Dogs who are predisposed to glaucoma will have an

abnormally small or narrowed angle in both eyes. Direct and

indirect ophthalmoscopy is necessary to evaluate the retina and

particularly the optic nerve.

Treatment

The goal of treating early forms of glaucoma is to maintain a

normal IOP and to preserve vision. Medical treatment often

involves long-term administration of topical medications to

decrease IOP. A laser surgery is often also necessary to control

the IOP. If the vision has been lost due to chronic glaucoma, the

goals of therapy are generally to make the patient comfortable.

Chronic glaucoma is treated with surgery to relieve the pain

associated with high IOP. Unfortunately, many forms of canine

glaucoma are difficult to treat and have a somewhat guarded

long-term prognosis for vision and comfort.


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CURCUMIN: WHY IT IS THE SPICIEST TOPIC THESE DAYS Curcumin is a phytochemical (also known as phytonutrient) which is present in turmeric, a plant that is a member of the ginger family, originated in Southeast Asia and commonly used in curry. The word “phytochemical” is an umbrella term (meaning chemicals from plants) that encompasses several classes or subcategories such as polyphenols and allyl sulfides (garlic, onion). The well-known classes of polyphenols are flavonoids and carotenoids; both of which can be broken down even further. Curcumin belongs to the polyphenol class known as curcuminoids, which improve cell communication to reduce inflammation.

Etymology (Word Origin)

It’s logical to assume that curcumin is present in cumin, which is also used in curry powder. Unfortunately, curcumin is not present in cumin. Cumin itself has several health benefits. I found the easiest method to distinguish between the two is by the definitions and etymologies of the words.

Curcumin. Noun; a yellow pigment, derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, and the main active

ingredient of turmeric. It is an antioxidant and has anti-inflammatory properties.

Word Origin: coloring matter, 1850, from Curcuma, genus name for plants of the ginger family, from which

the chemical was drawn, Medieval Latin, from Arabic kurkum “saffron, turmeric.” Cf. crocus.

Cumin. Noun; an umbelliferous Mediterranean plant, Cuminum cyminum, with finely divided leaves and

small white or pink flowers. The aromatic seeds (collectively) of this plant, used as a condiment and a

flavoring

Word Origin: Middle English comyn, cumin (< Old French comin) < Latin cumīnum < Greek kýmīnon <

Semitic (compare Arabic kammūn, Hebrew kammōn cumin); replacing Old English cymen

Health Benefits of Curcumin

• Potent antioxidant • Boosts immune system • Bioactive nutrients essential for athletic dogs • Strong anti-inflammatory properties • Antimicrobial benefits • Powerful ant-cancer properties – Curcumin is able to affect multiple pathways, including down-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, enzymes, growth factors and transcription factors that lead to carcinogenesis and tumor growth. (Transcription factors: proteins that control which genes are turned on or off in the genome. They do so by binding to DNA and other proteins. Once bound to DNA, these proteins can promote or block the enzyme that controls the reading, or “transcription,” of genes, making genes more or less active.) • Antineoplastic (prevents or halts tumor development) • Alters DNA methylation – Essential in the fight against, or regulation of, Type 1 Diabetes and cancer (DNA methylation: The process by which chemical tags, called methyl groups, are added to one of the four chemical bases that make up a DNA molecule, which directly affects the DNA in the genome. DNA methylation that is functioning improperly can work in such a way as to throw gene expression off balance, which can lead to a variety of serious health consequences, including numerous diseases.) • Antiangiogenic properties (angiogenesis: the growth of new blood vessels) • Decreases cell growth • Decreases metastasis • Induces cancer cell apoptosis (apoptosis: cells that are no longer needed or are a threat to the organism are destroyed by a tightly regulated cell suicide process known as programmed cell death, or apoptosis.)

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• Inhibits cancer cell division and growth • Inhibits enzymes that aid in the spread of cancer

Everything has a Warning Label

• May cause an upset stomach, flatulence and yellowing of the stool, so use caution if your dog suffers from a gastrointestinal disorder or nausea due to chemotherapy. • Curcumin may also increase the risk of bleeding when given in combination with some medications such as NSAIDs, blood thinners and antiplatelet drugs or when given with certain foods such as botanicals, Gingko biloba, garlic and saw palmetto. • If your dog is on chemotherapy, curcumin can decrease the effectiveness of certain chemotherapy drugs • It is poorly absorbed across the GI tract and it is rapidly cleared from the blood. To overcome these hurdles, we advise giving your dog a high quality curcumin supplement in conjunction with a fatty food such as olive oil or fish oil, which can increase its absorption.

W. Jean Dodds, DVM

Hemopet / NutriScan

11561 Salinaz Avenue

Garden Grove, CA 92843


SHOULD COMPANION ANIMALS WHO HAVE CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE EAT LOWER PROTEIN DIETS? Animals with kidney disease or kidney dysfunction should not eat lower protein diets;

as this commonly held belief is misleading. As long as the protein source in their diet is

of high quality such as white fish and eggs and easily digestible, it helps kidney

function and overall body nutrition. It is the lower quality, poorly digestible protein diets

(soy, wheat gluten) that tax the kidneys, making them work harder in filtering and

clearing metabolic waste products, water, and certain chemicals and drugs from the

body.

It has also been shown that feeding a lower phosphorus diet slows the progression of kidney disease.

Anywhere from 7 - 18 mg per pound of a dog’s weight is considered a low phosphorus diet. As some foods

that are relatively high in phosphorus also provide high quality protein, they can still be fed in moderation,

because they are important components of a healthy diet.

Daily phosphorous intake recommended for dogs with chronic renal failure (in early stages):

10 pound dog: 68 - 182 mg (up to 272 mg)




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Kidney Diet White and/or brown rice or white potato + white fish or sardines or pork or duck -- 2/3 rice or potato mix and 1/3 fish or meat. Add veggies: kidney or pinto beans, chopped carrots, zucchini, yellow squash, spinach, kale, green beans, peas, and scrambled eggs, if these are tolerated. Season with garlic, mixed Italian herbs or parsley, salt and pepper. Liquid multivitamin or supplement such as the Missing Link. Feed three to four meals per day.


U of I pet column: New dog flu invites closer look at viruses, vaccines

When the cause of the 2015 outbreak of respiratory illness in U.S. dogs was identified

as a strain of canine influenza virus not previously seen in this country, the news

spread as fast as the flu itself. Though canine influenza is not a health threat to

people, and is rarely fatal in dogs, the story of this globe- and species-hopping virus

offers a glimpse into the way viruses, vaccines — and scientists — work.

"One of the first questions veterinarians had about this outbreak was whether the

canine influenza vaccines available in the United States would protect against the

newly emerged strain," said Gail Scherba, DVM, PhD, a veterinary virologist and

professor at the University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine in Urbana.

One way to approach that question is to compare, at the genetic level, the new strain

of flu and strains used to create the vaccines. Researchers at the University of Illinois

did just that.

Influenza A viruses are categorized by two proteins found on the surface of the virus,

hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). In the case of canine influenza, the viral

strain H3N8 has been known to circulate within the U.S. dog population since at

least 2004, when a strain previously found in horses was first identified in dogs.

Commercially available dog flu vaccines were developed to protect against H3N8.

In early March 2015, Chicago veterinarians started noticing an unusually high

number of dogs with respiratory illness. ByApril 12, the flu strain H3N2 had been

identified as the culprit. As of May 25, more than 1,700 cases of dogs with severe

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respiratory illness had been reported in Chicago's Cook County alone, and the H3N2

dog flu had spread to about 12 states.

The H3N2 strain originated in birds. It had been identified in Asia as a strain that

infects dogs and cats, but had not been seen in U.S. dogs until the current outbreak.

"The H3N8 and H3N2 strains both have a H3 subtype. The H — hemagglutinin — is

a very important protein because it is how the virus attaches to the host cell to

initiate an infection. The body develops antibodies against this viral protein that

provide immunity against infection," Dr. Scherba said.

"However, as viruses mutate over time, their viral proteins may be altered so much

that the immune system no longer recognizes them."

The first step in comparing the two strains genetically was to isolate the H3N2 virus.

Research technicians at the University of Illinois Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory

isolated the H3N2 flu virus from a Chicago-area dog that died from canine influenza.

They extracted the viral genetic material (RNA). Scientists at the university's Roy J.

Carver Biotechnology Center completed the genome sequence.

"It took less than a week to go from RNA to having sequence data for the entire

virus," noted Dr. Alvaro Hernandez, director of DNA Services.

The H3 sequence from the H3N2 isolate was compared to H3 sequences available in

an influenza gene bank, representing 15 H3N8 isolates collected from U.S. dogs.

"The H3 protein of the recent isolate was only approximately 85 percent identical to

the H3 proteins from the H3N8 strains," said Dr. Scherba.

Differences between the sequences were distributed across the surface of the H3

protein, suggesting the current H3N8 vaccine may not be effective in protecting

against the new H3N2 strain.

Challenges in protecting animals against influenza are similar to those faced in

human medicine. The good news is that although viruses are continually evolving

and posing new threats to dogs, people and many other species, veterinarians and

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other scientists are hard at work developing the knowledge and technology needed to

combat these hazards.

Written by experts from the College of Veterinary Medicine, pet columns are

provided as a source of authoritative general information for animal owners.

Specific questions about care for your pet should be directed to your local

veterinarian; the College of Veterinary Medicine is unable to dispense medical

advice via the Internet.


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