HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations
Transcript of HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations
![Page 1: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD
![Page 2: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Cells Organs
![Page 3: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
DIGESTION:
Breakdown of food
Small components
WHY?
![Page 4: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Carbohydrates Sugars
• Protein Amino Acids
• Fats Fatty Acids
![Page 5: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Absorption:
Taking Substances
Interior of Body (blood)
![Page 6: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Gastrointestinal Tract: 30 feet long
Mouth Pharynx Esophagus
Large Intestine Small Intestine Stomach
Rectum Anus
Transit time- Food: Mouth Anus
24-72 hours (small beads + meal)
![Page 7: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Digestion Begins: “Mouth Waters” Stomach Gastric Juice
• Sight
• Sounds
• Smell
![Page 9: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Mouth- Salivary Glands Saliva
Saliva Enzyme Starch (bread)
Enzymes (protein): speed up
chemical reaction, reused.
A enzyme B Substrate Product(s)
![Page 11: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• Chemical Digestion
• Mechanical Digestion: Chewing
Surface Area- Digestive Juices
![Page 12: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Mouth Food Pharynx (throat)
Esophagus Swallowing
Epiglottis (trachea)
![Page 13: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
breathing
swallowing
food
![Page 14: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Food Esophagus
Stomach Sphincter
Peristalsis
![Page 16: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Vomiting
• Heartburn
• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Backwash: stomach acid
![Page 19: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
GERD: Possible causes
• Overweight
• Family history
• Hiatal hernia
• Smoking
• Excessive alcohol
• Large or high fat meals
![Page 20: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Obesity Surgery
Gastric bypass, stapling, banding
![Page 21: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Digestion in Stomach 2-6 hours
• Gastric Juice: Acid (kills bacteria) + Enzymes
• Enzyme: Pepsin Protein digestion
• Contractions: Churning, mixing food
![Page 22: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Release of Gastric Juice
• Nervous system: thought, smell, taste- food brain
impulses gastric juice stomach
![Page 23: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Release of Gastric Juice
• Hormone: Gastrin
Response to food
in stomach:
Gastric Juice
Contractions
![Page 24: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Absorption (limited) in stomach
• Water
• Alcohol
• Aspirin, Acetaminophen
(Tylenol)
![Page 25: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Chyme (partially digested liquid
food) sphincter
small intestine
(duodenum)
• Large, solid meal- slower
• Small, liquid meal-faster
![Page 26: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Stomach Emptying
Carbohydrates Protein Fat
Sadness/Fear Emptying
Aggression Emptying + Contractions
![Page 28: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
ULCERS
• Stomach lining- gastric mucosa
• Erosions (open sores) of lining- esophagus, stomach, duodenum: peptic ulcer
• 1 in 10 people
![Page 29: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
ULCERS- Causes
• Bacteria (Helicobacter pylori)
• Aleve, Advil, Motrin (not Tylenol)
• Smoking
• Excess alcohol
![Page 30: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
“An 11 year look inside the living stomach”
• 1822- Fur trapper’s store Michigan.
• Gun accident: St. Martin shot
Dr. Beaumont dressed wound
• Healing fistula gauze (opening)
![Page 31: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Beaumont-St. Martin • Bread gastric juice release • Remove fluid test tube digest meat
• Anger: gastric mucosa red (blood)
contractions acid • Fear: gastric mucosa pale contractions
![Page 33: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Most digestion: small intestine 3-5 hours
Intestinal cells (lining)
Intestinal Juice
Enzymes: starch sugars
polypeptides amino acids
![Page 34: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Pancreas Pancreatic Juice: • Bicarbonates- neutralize acid • Enzymes:
Starch sugar Protein polypeptides
amino acids
Fats fatty acids
![Page 35: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Pancreas
• Exocrine gland: secretions ducts (tubes) (enzymes) • Endocrine gland: secretions blood (insulin)
![Page 36: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Gallbladder Bile produced-liver stored
gallbladder
Bile duct small intestine Emulsification Fats
Surface area (detergent)-helps fat digestive enzymes
![Page 38: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Bile
• Bile acids (made from cholesterol)
• Cholesterol
• Lipids (lecithin)
• Bile pigments (hemoglobin breakdown feces- color)
![Page 40: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Pathology: gallstones
Bile: supersaturated with cholesterol
cholesterol crystals gallstones
Block ducts bile secretion
![Page 41: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Obstructive jaundice
• Backup- bile pigments
• Yellow skin, eyes
• Fat malabsorption
• Surgery:
remove stones
![Page 42: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Your Liver: what it does for you
![Page 43: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Liver Functions
1. Makes Bile (digestion)
2. Glucostat- regulates blood glucose (homeostasis)
Fasting: glycogen glucose blood
After meal: Blood glucose liver glycogen
![Page 44: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Liver Functions
3. Urea formation:
amino acids breakdown
urea
urine kidneys
![Page 45: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Liver functions
4. Synthesis & breakdown:
lipoproteins, other proteins
(albumin, clotting proteins)
5. Detoxification: Drugs, toxins,
alcohol
![Page 46: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Liver functions
6. Stores vitamins & iron
7. Destroys old red blood cells
![Page 47: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
ABSORPTION Small end products- digestion: • glucose • amino acids • fatty acids • H20 • minerals • vitamins
![Page 48: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Small Intestine
• 20 feet long
• Major site: absorption “nutrients”
• Huge surface area:
tennis court
![Page 49: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Small Intestine
• Inner surface: fingerlike villi
• Each villus- covered- microvilli
• absorptive surface
• Inside villus:
1. Capillaries - blood
2. Lacteal - lymphatic system
![Page 52: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Absorption- small intestine
Nutrients
Intestinal absorptive
cells
Blood or Lymph
![Page 54: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Glucose absorption Glucose small intestine cells villus capillaries liver vein
![Page 55: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
![Page 56: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Glucose: How it’s used • Glucose- liver cells: energy
• Glucose- liver vein heart
• General circulation: glucose energy cells/tissues
![Page 57: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Glucose: How it’s used
• Extra glucose
Glycogen Fat
(stored- liver) (stored-adipose
24 hr supply tissue)
![Page 58: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
FASTING
After 24 hours- no new glucose
(food)
Brain senses glucose
Liver: amino acids glucose
(homeostasis) blood
![Page 59: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Carbohydrate loading marathoners
• Muscle glycogen- used 1st: intense exercise
• Loading: restrict carbohydrate- few weeks
• Day before event- carbohydrate loading: replenish stores
(muscle/liver)
![Page 60: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Amino acid absorption and use
• Amino acid absorption- same as glucose
Intestine capillaries vein liver
• Amino acid use:
enzymes, hormones, new protein structure
![Page 61: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Excess amino acids
In liver: excess amino acids
urea
glucose fat
(stored)
glycogen (stored)
![Page 62: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Vitamins, minerals, H20 absorption
• Vitamins (water-soluble B, C), minerals (sodium, potassium, chloride), H20 (99%)
intestine
circulation liver capillaries
cells & tissues
![Page 63: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Fat Absorption & lymphatic system
• Capillaries “leaky” fluid, protein tissues tissue fluid
• Lymphatic system: system of vessels- collect leaked fluid
![Page 64: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Lymphatic System
• Tissue fluid inside lymph vessels= lymph
• Lymph veins in shoulders
as muscles contract
• Exercise: 10X faster return-lymph
![Page 65: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
![Page 66: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Lymphatic System • Lymph nodes: filters, white blood cells: bacteria, cancers
• Throat infection- lymph nodes near jaw: sore, swollen
![Page 67: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Fat Absorption- how you do it
• Digested fatty acids
intestine cells
Reform triglyceride
![Page 68: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Triglyceride + Fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K) + protein
Chylomicron (lipoprotein)
![Page 69: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Chylomicrons Enter lacteals Lymph vessels Vein left shoulder General circulation
![Page 70: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Lacteal
![Page 71: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
![Page 72: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Chylomicron triglyceride
muscle adipose tissue
Fat Stored
![Page 73: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Colon: 5 feet long
Colon appendix (dead end)
Rectum
Anus
![Page 74: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
![Page 75: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
![Page 76: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Colon functions (last chance)
• Absorb H20 (dehydrator) blood • Convert chyme (liquid) feces
• Absorb vitamins/minerals blood
• Home: bacteria: cecum (pouch) +
appendix
![Page 77: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Bacteria (300-500 species)
• Make B vitamins & vitamin K
blood
• You: enzymes digest fiber
• Bacteria- guests partially digest fiber (cellulose- plant cell walls)
• Gas production (fermentation)
![Page 78: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Feces
• Undigested fiber, dead cells, water, bacteria
• Water in feces:
Fiber – attracts H20 feces: softer-easier bowel movements
Fiber- hard/dry constipation
![Page 79: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Peristalsis- slower than small intestine
Feces (rectum)
sphincter muscle
(relaxes)
defecation
![Page 80: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Digestive System: Problems/Diseases
• Colonoscopy –cancer screening- gold standard: everyone > 50
• Flexible tube rectum camera large intestine view entire colon
![Page 81: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Colon Pathology
• Colonoscopy: polyps (pre-cancerous) removed
• Afterward doctor recommends: exercise + aspirin
![Page 82: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
2009 European Study “Pillcam”: Swallow
capsule with video
cameras inside
• After excreted
• Read video images
• No sedation/no inflating
colon with air
• Need good colon cleansing
• Sensivity vs. Colonscopy
• 14/19 cancers detected
![Page 83: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Probiotics
• Population- good bacteria: essential health/normal functions
• Prevent growth- bad bacteria
• Bad bacteria-take over: diarrhea, infection
Should you eat bacteria?
Probiotics: eat living organisms
health benefit
![Page 84: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Probiotics: Benefits
• Help- immune function- intestine
• Reduce toxins-colon
• Inhibit enzymes carcinogens
• Relieve constipation, bloating,
diarrhea, gas
![Page 85: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Probiotics
Dannon-Activia
Constipation
• DanActive- faster
recovery colds or flu
• Fem-dophilus: clear up vaginal
infections- women on antibiotics
• Florastor: diarrhea-
after antibiotics
![Page 86: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
![Page 87: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Diverticulitis
• Small pouches in colon (diverticula) inflamed/painful (diverticulitis)
• Treatment
Soluble fiber (reduces pressure)
H20
![Page 88: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Your Intestines: 3-4 pounds microbes
(100 trillion bacteria)
![Page 89: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Feed your healthy GI tract bacteria
Whole Grains
Legumes (peas & beans)
Fruits
Veggies
Nuts
Seeds
![Page 90: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Lorraine Titus (Vermont)
• Hospital
• Hernia Surgery
• Antibiotics-
Wipe out good
Gut Bacteria
She “picks up” bad bacteria- in hospital
Clostridium difficile
Fever, GI distress, severe diarrhea
![Page 91: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Fecal Transplant
Her son (18) donated
Feces: screened for
diseases
• Mix feces with saline
• Infused into mom
(Fecal enema or colonoscopy)
• Few days later- mom much better
• Re-establish good bacteria
• Future studies: inflammatory bowel disease
![Page 92: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Your intestine (gut) bacteria
change with:
• Age
• Diet
• Disease
Example: obese people on low calorie diet 1 year:
Gut bacteria changed to pattern seen in lean people
![Page 93: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
2013 Netherlands Study
Feces Transplant Overweight
Lean Pre-diabetic
Person
Insulin Sensitivity
Blood Glucose
Future studies:
Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Chronic Constipation, Ulcerative Colitis, Crohn’s Disease
![Page 94: HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD - University Relations](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032501/6234279a989d9a163b4e8e4b/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)