How WWI Lead toHow WWI Lead toWWIIWWII

The Treaty FailedThe Treaty Failed

Paris Peace ConferenceParis Peace Conference

Who created the Treaty Who created the Treaty

Wilson (US)Wilson (US)

George Clemencau George Clemencau (France)(France)

Llyod George (England)Llyod George (England)

Vittorio Orlando (Italy)Vittorio Orlando (Italy)

Germany was not invited Germany was not invited to the Conference.to the Conference.

Wilson’s 14 Point PlanWilson’s 14 Point Plan

1.1. Open DiplomacyOpen Diplomacy - There should be no secret treaties between  - There should be no secret treaties between powers powers 

2.2. Freedom of NavigationFreedom of Navigation - Seas should be free in both peace and  - Seas should be free in both peace and war war 

3.3. Free TradeFree Trade - The barriers to trade between countries such as  - The barriers to trade between countries such as custom duties should be removed custom duties should be removed 

4.4. Multilateral Disarmament Multilateral Disarmament - All countries should reduce their armed - All countries should reduce their armed forces to the lowest possible levels forces to the lowest possible levels 

5.5. Colonies Colonies - People in European colonies should have a say in their - People in European colonies should have a say in their future future 

6.6. Russia Russia - Russia should be allowed to operate whatever government - Russia should be allowed to operate whatever government it wanted and that government should be accepted, supported and it wanted and that government should be accepted, supported and welcomed. welcomed. 

7.7. BelgiumBelgium - Belgium should be evacuated and restored to the  - Belgium should be evacuated and restored to the situation before the war. situation before the war. 

14 Point Plan Cont.14 Point Plan Cont.

8. France8. France - should have Alsace-Lorraine and any lands taken away  - should have Alsace-Lorraine and any lands taken away during the war restored. during the war restored. 

9. Italy 9. Italy - The Italian border should be readjusted according to - The Italian border should be readjusted according to nationality nationality 

10. National Self -Determination10. National Self -Determination - The national groups in Europe  - The national groups in Europe should, wherever possible, be given their independence. should, wherever possible, be given their independence. 

11. Romania, Montenegro and Serbia11. Romania, Montenegro and Serbia - Should be evacuated and  - Should be evacuated and Serbia should have an outlet to the sea Serbia should have an outlet to the sea 

12. Turkey 12. Turkey - The people of Turkey should have a say in their future- The people of Turkey should have a say in their future13. Poland 13. Poland - Poland should become an independent state with an - Poland should become an independent state with an

outlet to the sea.outlet to the sea.14. League of Nations 14. League of Nations - An assembly of all nations should be formed - An assembly of all nations should be formed

to protect world peace in the future. to protect world peace in the future.

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles

The main terms of the Treaty of Versailles were:The main terms of the Treaty of Versailles were:War Guilt Clause War Guilt Clause - Germany should accept the blame - Germany should accept the blame for starting World War Onefor starting World War OneReparations Reparations - Germany had to pay £6,600 ($31.4 billion - Germany had to pay £6,600 ($31.4 billion in US dollars in 1930) million for the damage caused by in US dollars in 1930) million for the damage caused by the warthe warDisarmamentDisarmament - Germany was only allowed to have a  - Germany was only allowed to have a small army and six naval ships. No tanks, no air force small army and six naval ships. No tanks, no air force and no submarines were allowed. The Rhineland area and no submarines were allowed. The Rhineland area was to be de-militarized.was to be de-militarized.Territorial ClausesTerritorial Clauses - Land was taken away from  - Land was taken away from Germany and given to other countries. Anschluss (union Germany and given to other countries. Anschluss (union with Austria) was forbidden.with Austria) was forbidden.

Map of EuropeMap of Europe

Failure of League of NationsFailure of League of Nations

Not all countries joined the League. Not all countries joined the League. Although the idea for the League of Nations had come from Although the idea for the League of Nations had come from Woodrow Wilson, there was a change of government in the United Woodrow Wilson, there was a change of government in the United States before the signing of the treaty and the new Republican States before the signing of the treaty and the new Republican government refused to join. As a punishment for having started government refused to join. As a punishment for having started World War One, Germany was not allowed to join and Russia was World War One, Germany was not allowed to join and Russia was also excluded due to a growing fear of Communism. Other countries also excluded due to a growing fear of Communism. Other countries decided not to join and some joined but later left.decided not to join and some joined but later left.  The League had no power. The League had no power. The main weapon of the League was to ask member countries to The main weapon of the League was to ask member countries to stop trading with an aggressive country. However, this did not work stop trading with an aggressive country. However, this did not work because countries could still trade with non-member countries. because countries could still trade with non-member countries. When the world was hit by depression in the late 1920s countries When the world was hit by depression in the late 1920s countries were reluctant to lose trading partners to other non-member were reluctant to lose trading partners to other non-member countries. countries. 

Failure of League of NationsFailure of League of Nations

The League had no army. The League had no army. Soldiers were to be supplied by member countries. Soldiers were to be supplied by member countries. However, countries were reluctant to get involved and However, countries were reluctant to get involved and risk provoking an aggressive country into taking direct risk provoking an aggressive country into taking direct action against them and failed to provide troops. action against them and failed to provide troops.   Unable to act quickly. Unable to act quickly. The Council of the League of Nations only met four times The Council of the League of Nations only met four times a year and decisions had to be agreed by all nations. a year and decisions had to be agreed by all nations. When countries called for the League to intervene, the When countries called for the League to intervene, the League had to set up an emergency meeting, hold League had to set up an emergency meeting, hold discussions and gain the agreement of all members. discussions and gain the agreement of all members. This process meant that the League could not act quickly This process meant that the League could not act quickly to stop an act of aggression.to stop an act of aggression.

Germany Unhappy W/TreatyGermany Unhappy W/Treaty

The German people were very The German people were very unhappy about the treaty and unhappy about the treaty and thought that it was too harsh.thought that it was too harsh.Germany could not afford to Germany could not afford to pay the money and during the pay the money and during the 1920s the people in Germany 1920s the people in Germany were very poor. were very poor. There were not many jobs and There were not many jobs and the price of food and basic the price of food and basic goods was high. goods was high. People were dissatisfied with People were dissatisfied with the government and voted to the government and voted to power a man who promised to power a man who promised to rip up the Treaty of Versailles. rip up the Treaty of Versailles. His name was Adolf Hitler.His name was Adolf Hitler.