How will you know what your experimental data means?
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Transcript of How will you know what your experimental data means?
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How will you know what your experimental data means?
Student’s Lab Notebook
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Making Sense of Your Data
• What data did you take?
• What are some things your data requires you to understand?
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Can difference in color be due to genes?
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What is known about energy production in Halo?
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ATP
• Cells need ATP for nearly all cellular processes that require energy, including growth
• Therefore, halo must be able to make ATP in the conditions that allow them to grow
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P P P
P P P
CHEMICALENERGY
INPUTENERGY
FOR CELLULARWORK
OUTPUT
MOREstored energy
ATP
ADP P+
LESS
stored energy
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Question #1What makes halobacterium
purple?
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Halobacterium cell
Bacteriorhodopsin (bR)
Halo have a purple membrane protein called bacteriorhodopsin (bR)
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Halobacterium cell
Bacteriorhodopsin (bR)
Halo have a purple membrane protein called bacteriorhodopsin (bR)
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Question #2What is the purple membrane
protein made of?
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Bacteriorhodopsin(bR)
Cell membrane
Halo have a purple membrane protein called bacteriorhodopsin (bR)
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Bacteriorhodopsin(bR)
Cell membrane
Bacteriorhodopsin (bR) is made from a protein called bop and the molecule retinal
Bop protein
Bop + retinal = bacteriorhodopsin (bR)
Retinal
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Question #3What is the purpose of the purple membrane protein?
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BR converts light energy into chemical energy for making ATP
Halobacterium cell
Bacteriorhodopsin (bR)
Note: other proteins are required for this process, but we will simplify and focus on bR
LIGHT
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
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BR converts light energy into chemical energy for making ATP
Halobacterium cell
Note: other proteins are required for this process, but we will simplify and focus on BR
Bacteriorhodopsin (BR)
LIGHT
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
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Bacteriorhodopsin(bR)
LIGHT
ADP
P+
ATP
Cell membrane
BR converts light energy into chemical energy for making ATP
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LIGHT PRESENT
Bacteriorhodopsin(bR)
LIGHT
ADP
P+
ATPATP
Cell membrane
BR converts light energy into chemical energy for making ATP
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LIGHT PRESENT
Halo use bacteriorhodopsin (bR) to produce ATP using light energy
LIGHT ABSENT(DARK)
Bacteriorhodopsin(bR)
ADP
P+
ATP
LIGHT
Bacteriorhodopsin(bR)
ADP
P+
ATP
LIGHT
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LIGHT PRESENT
Halo use bacteriorhodopsin (bR) to produce ATP using light energy
LIGHT ABSENT(DARK)
Halobacterium cell
LIGHT
ATPATP
ATP
ATPATP
ATP
ATPATPATP
ATP
Halo use bR to produce ATP for growth and metabolism
Halobacterium cell
LIGHT
Halo cannot use bR to produce ATP
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Question #4How would amount of light and
levels of purple protein be connected?
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Halobacterium cell
Bacteriorhodopsin (bR)
Halo change the expression of bR in response to the amount of light in their environment
LIGHT
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Halobacterium cell
Bacteriorhodopsin (bR)
Halo change the expression of bR in response to the amount of light in their environment
LIGHT
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Halobacterium cell
LIGHT PRESENT LIGHT ABSENT(DARK)
Halobacterium cell
LIGHT
When there is more light, halo respond by making more bR
LIGHT
When there is less light, halo make less bR
Halo change the expression of bR in response to the amount of light in their environment
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OUR QUESTION:
How do Halobacterium cells control the amount of bR expressed in response to light? What is the gene and protein network that regulates the expression of bR?