HOW WEATHERING AND EROSION AFFECT THE OCEANS SALINITY

HOW WEATHERING AND HOW WEATHERING AND EROSION AFFECT THE EROSION AFFECT THE

OCEANS SALINITYOCEANS SALINITY

ESS 8.8.10ESS 8.8.10

OCEAN SALINITYOCEAN SALINITY

• OCEAN WATER CONTAINS MANY OCEAN WATER CONTAINS MANY DIFFERENT DISSOLVED SALTS.DIFFERENT DISSOLVED SALTS.

• THESE SALTS COME FROM RIVERS AND THESE SALTS COME FROM RIVERS AND GROUNDWATER SLOWLY DISSOLVING GROUNDWATER SLOWLY DISSOLVING

ELEMENTS SUCH AS CALCIUM, ELEMENTS SUCH AS CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, AND SODIUM FROM MAGNESIUM, AND SODIUM FROM

ROCKS AND MINERALS.ROCKS AND MINERALS.• RIVERS TRANSPORT THESE ELEMENTS RIVERS TRANSPORT THESE ELEMENTS

TO THE OCEAN.TO THE OCEAN.• ERUPTING VOLCANOS ADD ELEMENTS, ERUPTING VOLCANOS ADD ELEMENTS,

SUCH AS SULFUR AND CHLORINE TO SUCH AS SULFUR AND CHLORINE TO THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEANS.THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEANS.

SALTS IN SEAWATERSALTS IN SEAWATER

CHLORIDE 55%CHLORIDE 55%

SODIUM 30.6%SODIUM 30.6%

SULFATE 7.7%SULFATE 7.7%

MAGNESIUM 3.7%MAGNESIUM 3.7%

CALCIUM 1.2%CALCIUM 1.2%

POTASSIUM 1.1%POTASSIUM 1.1%

OTHERS 0.7%OTHERS 0.7%


• RIVERS THAT FLOW TO THE OCEAN RIVERS THAT FLOW TO THE OCEAN DISSOLVE SODIUM ALONG THE WAY.DISSOLVE SODIUM ALONG THE WAY.• VOLCANOES ADD CHLORINE GAS.VOLCANOES ADD CHLORINE GAS.

• MOST OF THE SALT IN SEAWATER IS MOST OF THE SALT IN SEAWATER IS MADE OF SODIUM AND CHLORINE.MADE OF SODIUM AND CHLORINE.

• ALTHOUGH RIVERS, VOLCANOES, AND ALTHOUGH RIVERS, VOLCANOES, AND THE ATMOSPHERE CONSTANTLY ADD THE ATMOSPHERE CONSTANTLY ADD

SUBSTANCES TO THE OCEAN, THE SUBSTANCES TO THE OCEAN, THE OCEANS ARE CONSIDERED TO BE IN A OCEANS ARE CONSIDERED TO BE IN A

STEADY STATE.STEADY STATE.


• AS NEW SUBSTANCES COME IN, ELEMENTS AS NEW SUBSTANCES COME IN, ELEMENTS ARE REMOVED FROM SEAWATER BY ARE REMOVED FROM SEAWATER BY

BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND BY BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND BY BECOMING SEDIMENT.BECOMING SEDIMENT.

• SEA ANIMALS AND ALGAE USED SEA ANIMALS AND ALGAE USED DISSOLVED SUBSTANCES.DISSOLVED SUBSTANCES.

• MARINE ANIMALS USE CALCIUM TO FORM MARINE ANIMALS USE CALCIUM TO FORM BONES.BONES.

• OTHER ANIMALS, SUCH AS OYSTERS AND OTHER ANIMALS, SUCH AS OYSTERS AND CLAMS, USE CACIUM TO FORM SHELLS.CLAMS, USE CACIUM TO FORM SHELLS.


• SOME ALGAE, CALLED DIATOMS, HAVE SOME ALGAE, CALLED DIATOMS, HAVE SILICA SHELLS.SILICA SHELLS.

• BECAUSE MANY ORGANISMS USE BECAUSE MANY ORGANISMS USE CALCIUM AND SILICA, THESE IONS ARE CALCIUM AND SILICA, THESE IONS ARE

REMOVED MORE QUICKLY FROM REMOVED MORE QUICKLY FROM SEAWATER THAN ARE SUBSTANCES SEAWATER THAN ARE SUBSTANCES

SUCH AS CHLORIDE OR SODIUM.SUCH AS CHLORIDE OR SODIUM.• IRON IS REMOVED MORE QUICKLY IRON IS REMOVED MORE QUICKLY BECAUSE IRON FORMS SOLIDS THAT BECAUSE IRON FORMS SOLIDS THAT

FALL TO THE OCEAN FLOOR.FALL TO THE OCEAN FLOOR.• VOLCANOES, GROUNDWATER AND VOLCANOES, GROUNDWATER AND

RIVERS ADD SALTS TO SEAWATER.RIVERS ADD SALTS TO SEAWATER.

REVIEW FOR ESS 8.8.9 & REVIEW FOR ESS 8.8.9 & 8.8.108.8.10

• 1. THE AMOUNT OF RAIN, THE TIME SPAN OVER1. THE AMOUNT OF RAIN, THE TIME SPAN OVER WHICH IT FALLS, THE WHICH IT FALLS, THE SLOPE OF THE LAND, AMOUNT OF VEGETATION, AND WHAT TYPE OF SOIL SLOPE OF THE LAND, AMOUNT OF VEGETATION, AND WHAT TYPE OF SOIL

IT RUNS ACROSS, ARE ALL FACTORS AFFECTING _________.IT RUNS ACROSS, ARE ALL FACTORS AFFECTING _________.

• A. CREEP B. RUNOFF C. SALINITY D. GRAVITYA. CREEP B. RUNOFF C. SALINITY D. GRAVITY

• 2. GULLY EROSION CAN TURN INTO A ____________.2. GULLY EROSION CAN TURN INTO A ____________.

• A. RILL B. RUNOFF C. MEANDER D. STREAMA. RILL B. RUNOFF C. MEANDER D. STREAM

• 3. EARTH’S __________ FORCE PULLS OBJECTS TOWARD IT’S CENTER OF 3. EARTH’S __________ FORCE PULLS OBJECTS TOWARD IT’S CENTER OF MASS.MASS.

• A. SALINITY B. EROSION C. GULLY D. GRAVITATIONALA. SALINITY B. EROSION C. GULLY D. GRAVITATIONAL

• 4. THE LAND AREA FROM WHICH A STREAM GETS IT’S WATER IS CALLED A 4. THE LAND AREA FROM WHICH A STREAM GETS IT’S WATER IS CALLED A _____._____.

• A. MEANDER B. OXBOW LAKE C. DRAINAGE BASIN D. SALT MARSHA. MEANDER B. OXBOW LAKE C. DRAINAGE BASIN D. SALT MARSH

REVIEWREVIEW

• 5. A CURVE THAT FORMS IN A STREAM IS CALLED A ____________.5. A CURVE THAT FORMS IN A STREAM IS CALLED A ____________.• A. MEANDER B. BASIN C. SINKHOLE D. BOXBOWA. MEANDER B. BASIN C. SINKHOLE D. BOXBOW

• 6. THIS STREAM HAS WHITEWATER RAPIDS AND WATERFALLS.6. THIS STREAM HAS WHITEWATER RAPIDS AND WATERFALLS.• A. OLD AGE B. MATURE C. YOUNG D. DEADA. OLD AGE B. MATURE C. YOUNG D. DEAD

• 7. THE LARGEST DRAINAGE BASIN IN THE U. S. IS THE__________.7. THE LARGEST DRAINAGE BASIN IN THE U. S. IS THE__________.• A. OZARK B. MISSOURI C. COLORADO D. MISSISSIPPIA. OZARK B. MISSOURI C. COLORADO D. MISSISSIPPI

• 8. AS OBJECTS DROP TO EARTH’S SURFACE, YHEY PICK UP _______.8. AS OBJECTS DROP TO EARTH’S SURFACE, YHEY PICK UP _______.• A. POLLUTION B. SPEED C. WEIGHT D. MASSA. POLLUTION B. SPEED C. WEIGHT D. MASS

• 9. SCARS LEFT ON SLOPES WHERE WATER ERODED THE PLANTS AND 9. SCARS LEFT ON SLOPES WHERE WATER ERODED THE PLANTS AND SOIL.SOIL.

• A. GULLIES B. STREAMS C. BASIN D. RILLSA. GULLIES B. STREAMS C. BASIN D. RILLS

REVIEWREVIEW

• 10. LARGER STREAMS CAN MERGE, FORMING A LARGER BODY OF WATER CALLED A 10. LARGER STREAMS CAN MERGE, FORMING A LARGER BODY OF WATER CALLED A _________._________.

• A. GULLY B. RIVER C. RILL D. BASINA. GULLY B. RIVER C. RILL D. BASIN

• 11. RILL EROSION CAN TURN INTO ________ EROSION.11. RILL EROSION CAN TURN INTO ________ EROSION.

• A. BASIN B. GULLY C. GLACIAL D. RUNOFFA. BASIN B. GULLY C. GLACIAL D. RUNOFF

• 12. IN THIS STAGE OF STREAM DEVELOPMENT, THE STREAM IS STARTING TO 12. IN THIS STAGE OF STREAM DEVELOPMENT, THE STREAM IS STARTING TO FORM CURVES.FORM CURVES.

• A. OLD AGE B. YOUNG C. MATURE D. DEADA. OLD AGE B. YOUNG C. MATURE D. DEAD

• 13. A STREAM THAT FLOWS THROUGH A STEEP VALLEY WHICH HAS STEEP SIDES .13. A STREAM THAT FLOWS THROUGH A STEEP VALLEY WHICH HAS STEEP SIDES .

• A. OLD AGE B. YOUNG C. MATURE D. DEADA. OLD AGE B. YOUNG C. MATURE D. DEAD

• 14. ALL THE WATER IN A ___________ EVENTUALLY FLOWS TO A DRAINAGE BASIN.14. ALL THE WATER IN A ___________ EVENTUALLY FLOWS TO A DRAINAGE BASIN.

• A. OCEAN SYSTEM B. OLD AGE SYSTEM C. RIVER SYSTEM D. MEANDER A. OCEAN SYSTEM B. OLD AGE SYSTEM C. RIVER SYSTEM D. MEANDER SYSTEMSYSTEM

REVIEWREVIEW

• 15. A YOUNG STREAM HAS MORE ENERGY OF MOTION , SO IT CAN 15. A YOUNG STREAM HAS MORE ENERGY OF MOTION , SO IT CAN __________ MORE.__________ MORE.

• A. ERODE B. SLOW DOWN C. EVAPORATE D. MEANDERA. ERODE B. SLOW DOWN C. EVAPORATE D. MEANDER

• 16. THE LAST STAGE OF STREAM DEVELOPMENT.16. THE LAST STAGE OF STREAM DEVELOPMENT.• A. MATURE B. OLD AGE C. YOUNG D. DEADA. MATURE B. OLD AGE C. YOUNG D. DEAD

• 17. WATER FLOWING DOWN A SLOPE IS EVIDENCE OF ___________.17. WATER FLOWING DOWN A SLOPE IS EVIDENCE OF ___________.• A. GROUNDWATER B. CREEP C. MEANDERS D. GRAVITYA. GROUNDWATER B. CREEP C. MEANDERS D. GRAVITY

• 18. THE STAGE OF STREAM DEVELOPMENT WITH LOTS OF MEANDERS AND 18. THE STAGE OF STREAM DEVELOPMENT WITH LOTS OF MEANDERS AND OXBOW LAKES.OXBOW LAKES.

• A. MATURE B. OLD AGE C. YOUNG D. DEADA. MATURE B. OLD AGE C. YOUNG D. DEAD

• 19. OCEAN WATER CONTAINS MANY DIFFERENT SALTS THAT COMES FROM 19. OCEAN WATER CONTAINS MANY DIFFERENT SALTS THAT COMES FROM ______.______.

• A. THE OCEAN B. SHRIMP C. RIVERS D. GLACIERS A. THE OCEAN B. SHRIMP C. RIVERS D. GLACIERS

REVIEWREVIEW

• 20. SOME ALGAE, CALLED ________, HAVE SILICA SHELLS.20. SOME ALGAE, CALLED ________, HAVE SILICA SHELLS.• A. SHRIMP B. STARFISH C. DIATOMS D. ANEMONESA. SHRIMP B. STARFISH C. DIATOMS D. ANEMONES

• 21. ERUPTING VOLCANOES ADD ELEMENTS SUCH AS ___________ TO THE OCEANS.21. ERUPTING VOLCANOES ADD ELEMENTS SUCH AS ___________ TO THE OCEANS.• A. SULFUR AND CHLORINE B. DIOXIDE AND OZONE A. SULFUR AND CHLORINE B. DIOXIDE AND OZONE • C. MONOXIDE AND CARBON D. DIOXIDE AND RUBIDIUMC. MONOXIDE AND CARBON D. DIOXIDE AND RUBIDIUM

• 22. THE 2 MOST ABUNDANT SALTS IN SEAWATER ARE CHLORIDE AND _________.22. THE 2 MOST ABUNDANT SALTS IN SEAWATER ARE CHLORIDE AND _________.• A. DIOXIDE B. RUBIDIUM C. CALCIUM D. SODIUMA. DIOXIDE B. RUBIDIUM C. CALCIUM D. SODIUM

• 23. THE CORRECT ORDER OF A DRAINAGE BASIN IS:23. THE CORRECT ORDER OF A DRAINAGE BASIN IS:• A. GULLY, RILLS, RIVER, STREAM B. RIVER, GULLY, STREAM, RILLSA. GULLY, RILLS, RIVER, STREAM B. RIVER, GULLY, STREAM, RILLS• C. RILLS, GULLY, STREAM, RIVER D. RIVER, RILL, STREAM, GULLYC. RILLS, GULLY, STREAM, RIVER D. RIVER, RILL, STREAM, GULLY

• 24. A MEANDER THAT HAS BEEN CUT OFF BY DEPOSITION.24. A MEANDER THAT HAS BEEN CUT OFF BY DEPOSITION.• A. CROSSBOW LAKE B. OXBOW LAKE C. OXBOW RIVER D. CROSSOVER LAKEA. CROSSBOW LAKE B. OXBOW LAKE C. OXBOW RIVER D. CROSSOVER LAKE

• 25. THE BROAD, FLAT VALLEY FLOOR CARVED BY A MEANDERING STREAM IS CALLED A 25. THE BROAD, FLAT VALLEY FLOOR CARVED BY A MEANDERING STREAM IS CALLED A __________

• A. CROSSBOW LAKE B. CANYON C. RAPIDS D. FLOODPLAINA. CROSSBOW LAKE B. CANYON C. RAPIDS D. FLOODPLAIN

REVIEWREVIEW

• 26. WHAT STAGE OF 26. WHAT STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT IS THIS DEVELOPMENT IS THIS

STREAM IN?STREAM IN?

• A. OLD AGEA. OLD AGE

• B. MATUREB. MATURE

• C. YOUNGC. YOUNG

• D. DEADD. DEAD

REVIEWREVIEW

• 27. WHAT STAGE IS THIS 27. WHAT STAGE IS THIS STREAM?STREAM?

• A. YOUNGA. YOUNG

• B. DEADB. DEAD

• C. OLD AGEC. OLD AGE

• D. MATURED. MATURE

REVIEWREVIEW


• A. OLD AGE A. OLD AGE

• B. YOUNGB. YOUNG

• C. DEADC. DEAD


REVIEWREVIEW

• 29. WHAT DOES THIS 29. WHAT DOES THIS DIAGRAM REPRESENT?DIAGRAM REPRESENT?

• A. OZARK PLATEAUA. OZARK PLATEAU

• B. NEW MADRID FAULTB. NEW MADRID FAULT

• C. HIGHWAY 40 NORTHC. HIGHWAY 40 NORTH

• D. CROWLEY’S RIDGED. CROWLEY’S RIDGE

REVIEWREVIEW

• 30. WHAT DOES THE LIGHT 30. WHAT DOES THE LIGHT COLORED AREA BELOW THE COLORED AREA BELOW THE

WHITE LINE REPRESENT?WHITE LINE REPRESENT?

• A. SOUTHERN PLATEAUA. SOUTHERN PLATEAU

• B. COASTAL PLAINSB. COASTAL PLAINS

• C. INTERIOR PLAINSC. INTERIOR PLAINS

• D. ROCKY MOUNTAINSD. ROCKY MOUNTAINS

REVIEWREVIEW

• 31. WHAT DOES THIS AREA 31. WHAT DOES THIS AREA REPRESENT?REPRESENT?

• A. INTERIOR PLAINSA. INTERIOR PLAINS

• B. CENTRAL PLATEAUB. CENTRAL PLATEAU

• C. OZARK PLATEAUC. OZARK PLATEAU

• D. COASTAL PLAINSD. COASTAL PLAINS

REVIEWREVIEW

• 32. THIS PICTURE 32. THIS PICTURE REPRESENTS A ______.REPRESENTS A ______.

• A. PLATEAUA. PLATEAU

• B. MOUNTAINB. MOUNTAIN

• C. HIGHWAY MAPC. HIGHWAY MAP

• D. DELTAD. DELTA

REVIEWREVIEW

• 33. THIS PICTURE 33. THIS PICTURE REPRESENTS ____.REPRESENTS ____.

• A. STREAM EROSIONA. STREAM EROSION

• B. RILL EROSIONB. RILL EROSION

• C. RIVER EROSIONC. RIVER EROSION

• D. GULLY EROSIOND. GULLY EROSION

REVIEWREVIEW

• 34. THIS PICTURE 34. THIS PICTURE REPRESENTS____.REPRESENTS____.

• A. GULLY EROSIONA. GULLY EROSION


• C. STREAM EROSIONC. STREAM EROSION

• D. RIVER EROSIOND. RIVER EROSION

REVIEWREVIEW



• B. PLAINSB. PLAINS

• C. SWAMPC. SWAMP

• D. SHORELINED. SHORELINE

REVIEWREVIEW

• 36. WHAT IS THE CONTOUR 36. WHAT IS THE CONTOUR INTERVAL ON THIS MAP?INTERVAL ON THIS MAP?

• A. 400 MA. 400 M

• B. 100 MB. 100 M

• C. 200 MC. 200 M

• D. 600 MD. 600 M

REVIEWREVIEW

• 37. HOW TALL IS BAKER HILL?37. HOW TALL IS BAKER HILL?

• A. 10M B. 30M C. 50M D. 20MA. 10M B. 30M C. 50M D. 20M



• 39. APPROXIMATELY HOW TALL IS 39. APPROXIMATELY HOW TALL IS ABLE HILL?ABLE HILL?


• 40. WHAT IS THE NAME OF THIS 40. WHAT IS THE NAME OF THIS TYPE OF MAP?TYPE OF MAP?

• A. HYROGLYPHIC B. A. HYROGLYPHIC B. TOPOGRAPHICTOPOGRAPHIC

• C. ROBINSON D. CONICC. ROBINSON D. CONIC

TEST FOR ESS 8.8.9 & TEST FOR ESS 8.8.9 & 8.8.108.8.10

• 1. THE AMOUNT OF RAIN, THE TIME SPAN OVER1. THE AMOUNT OF RAIN, THE TIME SPAN OVER WHICH IT FALLS, THE WHICH IT FALLS, THE SLOPE OF THE LAND, AMOUNT OF VEGETATION, AND WHAT TYPE OF SOIL SLOPE OF THE LAND, AMOUNT OF VEGETATION, AND WHAT TYPE OF SOIL

IT RUNS ACROSS, ARE ALL FACTORS AFFECTING _________.IT RUNS ACROSS, ARE ALL FACTORS AFFECTING _________.

• A. CREEP B. GRAVITY C. SALINITY D. RUNOFFA. CREEP B. GRAVITY C. SALINITY D. RUNOFF

• 2. GULLY EROSION CAN TURN INTO A ____________.2. GULLY EROSION CAN TURN INTO A ____________.

• A. RILL B. RUNOFF C. MEANDER D. STREAMA. RILL B. RUNOFF C. MEANDER D. STREAM

• 3. EARTH’S __________ FORCE PULLS OBJECTS TOWARD IT’S CENTER OF 3. EARTH’S __________ FORCE PULLS OBJECTS TOWARD IT’S CENTER OF MASS.MASS.

• A. GRAVITATIONAL B. EROSION C. GULLY D. SALINITYA. GRAVITATIONAL B. EROSION C. GULLY D. SALINITY

• 4. THE LAND AREA FROM WHICH A STREAM GETS IT’S WATER IS CALLED A 4. THE LAND AREA FROM WHICH A STREAM GETS IT’S WATER IS CALLED A _____._____.

• A. MEANDER B. DRAINAGE BASIN C. OXBOW LAKE D. SALT MARSHA. MEANDER B. DRAINAGE BASIN C. OXBOW LAKE D. SALT MARSH

TEST 4TEST 4

• 5. A CURVE THAT FORMS IN A STREAM IS CALLED A ____________.5. A CURVE THAT FORMS IN A STREAM IS CALLED A ____________.• A. BOXBOW B. BASIN C. SINKHOLE D. MEANDERA. BOXBOW B. BASIN C. SINKHOLE D. MEANDER

• 6. THIS STREAM HAS WHITEWATER RAPIDS AND WATERFALLS.6. THIS STREAM HAS WHITEWATER RAPIDS AND WATERFALLS.• A. OLD AGE B. MATURE C. DEAD D. YOUNGA. OLD AGE B. MATURE C. DEAD D. YOUNG

• 7. THE LARGEST DRAINAGE BASIN IN THE U. S. IS THE__________.7. THE LARGEST DRAINAGE BASIN IN THE U. S. IS THE__________.• A. OZARK B. MISSISSIPPI C. COLORADO D. MISSOURIA. OZARK B. MISSISSIPPI C. COLORADO D. MISSOURI

• 8. AS OBJECTS DROP TO EARTH’S SURFACE, THEY PICK UP _______.8. AS OBJECTS DROP TO EARTH’S SURFACE, THEY PICK UP _______.• A. SPEED B. POLLUTION C. WEIGHT D. MASSA. SPEED B. POLLUTION C. WEIGHT D. MASS

• 9. SCARS LEFT ON SLOPES WHERE WATER ERODED THE PLANTS AND 9. SCARS LEFT ON SLOPES WHERE WATER ERODED THE PLANTS AND SOIL.SOIL.

• A. RILLS B. STREAMS C. BASIN D. GULLIESA. RILLS B. STREAMS C. BASIN D. GULLIES

TEST 4TEST 4

• 10. LARGER STREAMS CAN MERGE, FORMING A LARGER BODY OF WATER CALLED A 10. LARGER STREAMS CAN MERGE, FORMING A LARGER BODY OF WATER CALLED A _________._________.

• A. GULLY B. RILL C. RIVER D. BASINA. GULLY B. RILL C. RIVER D. BASIN

• 11. RILL EROSION CAN TURN INTO ________ EROSION.11. RILL EROSION CAN TURN INTO ________ EROSION.

• A. GULLY B. BASIN C. GLACIAL D. RUNOFFA. GULLY B. BASIN C. GLACIAL D. RUNOFF

• 12. IN THIS STAGE OF STREAM DEVELOPMENT, THE STREAM IS STARTING TO 12. IN THIS STAGE OF STREAM DEVELOPMENT, THE STREAM IS STARTING TO FORM CURVES.FORM CURVES.

• A. MATURE B. YOUNG C. OLD AGE D. DEADA. MATURE B. YOUNG C. OLD AGE D. DEAD

• 13. A STREAM THAT FLOWS THROUGH A STEEP VALLEY WHICH HAS STEEP SIDES .13. A STREAM THAT FLOWS THROUGH A STEEP VALLEY WHICH HAS STEEP SIDES .

• A. OLD AGE B. MATURE C. YOUNG D. DEADA. OLD AGE B. MATURE C. YOUNG D. DEAD

• 14. ALL THE WATER IN A ___________ EVENTUALLY FLOWS TO A DRAINAGE BASIN.14. ALL THE WATER IN A ___________ EVENTUALLY FLOWS TO A DRAINAGE BASIN.

• A. OCEAN SYSTEM B. OLD AGE SYSTEM C. RIVER SYSTEM D. MEANDER A. OCEAN SYSTEM B. OLD AGE SYSTEM C. RIVER SYSTEM D. MEANDER SYSTEMSYSTEM

TEST 4TEST 4

• 15. A YOUNG STREAM HAS MORE ENERGY OF MOTION , SO IT CAN 15. A YOUNG STREAM HAS MORE ENERGY OF MOTION , SO IT CAN __________ MORE.__________ MORE.

• A. EVAPORATE B. SLOW DOWN C. ERODE D. MEANDERA. EVAPORATE B. SLOW DOWN C. ERODE D. MEANDER

• 16. THE LAST STAGE OF STREAM DEVELOPMENT.16. THE LAST STAGE OF STREAM DEVELOPMENT.• A. MATURE B. DEAD C. YOUNG D. OLD AGEA. MATURE B. DEAD C. YOUNG D. OLD AGE

• 17. WATER FLOWING DOWN A SLOPE IS EVIDENCE OF ___________.17. WATER FLOWING DOWN A SLOPE IS EVIDENCE OF ___________.• A. GROUNDWATER B. GRAVITY C. MEANDERS D. CREEPA. GROUNDWATER B. GRAVITY C. MEANDERS D. CREEP

• 18. THE STAGE OF STREAM DEVELOPMENT WITH LOTS OF MEANDERS AND 18. THE STAGE OF STREAM DEVELOPMENT WITH LOTS OF MEANDERS AND OXBOW LAKES.OXBOW LAKES.

• A. OLD AGE B. MATURE C. YOUNG D. DEADA. OLD AGE B. MATURE C. YOUNG D. DEAD

• 19. OCEAN WATER CONTAINS MANY DIFFERENT SALTS THAT COME FROM 19. OCEAN WATER CONTAINS MANY DIFFERENT SALTS THAT COME FROM ______.______.

• A. RIVERS B. SHRIMP C. THE OCEAN D. GLACIERS A. RIVERS B. SHRIMP C. THE OCEAN D. GLACIERS

TEST 4TEST 4

• 20. SOME ALGAE, CALLED ________, HAVE SILICA SHELLS.20. SOME ALGAE, CALLED ________, HAVE SILICA SHELLS.• A. SHRIMP B. STARFISH C. ANEMONES D. DIATOMSA. SHRIMP B. STARFISH C. ANEMONES D. DIATOMS

• 21. ERUPTING VOLCANOES ADD ELEMENTS SUCH AS ___________ TO THE OCEANS.21. ERUPTING VOLCANOES ADD ELEMENTS SUCH AS ___________ TO THE OCEANS.• A. MONOXIDE AND CARBON B. DIOXIDE AND OZONE A. MONOXIDE AND CARBON B. DIOXIDE AND OZONE • C. SULFUR AND CHLORINE D. DIOXIDE AND RUBIDIUMC. SULFUR AND CHLORINE D. DIOXIDE AND RUBIDIUM

• 22. THE 2 MOST ABUNDANT SALTS IN SEAWATER ARE CHLORIDE AND _________.22. THE 2 MOST ABUNDANT SALTS IN SEAWATER ARE CHLORIDE AND _________.• A. DIOXIDE B. SODIUM C. CALCIUM D. RUBIDIUMA. DIOXIDE B. SODIUM C. CALCIUM D. RUBIDIUM

• 23. THE CORRECT ORDER OF A DRAINAGE BASIN IS:23. THE CORRECT ORDER OF A DRAINAGE BASIN IS:• A. GULLY, RILLS, RIVER, STREAM B. RIVER, GULLY, STREAM, RILLSA. GULLY, RILLS, RIVER, STREAM B. RIVER, GULLY, STREAM, RILLS• C. RIVER, RILL, STREAM, GULLY D. RILLS, GULLY, STREAM, RIVERC. RIVER, RILL, STREAM, GULLY D. RILLS, GULLY, STREAM, RIVER

• 24. A MEANDER THAT HAS BEEN CUT OFF BY DEPOSITION.24. A MEANDER THAT HAS BEEN CUT OFF BY DEPOSITION.• A. OXBOW LAKE B. CROSSBOW LAKE C. OXBOW RIVER D. CROSSOVER LAKEA. OXBOW LAKE B. CROSSBOW LAKE C. OXBOW RIVER D. CROSSOVER LAKE

• 25. THE BROAD, FLAT VALLEY FLOOR CARVED BY A MEANDERING STREAM IS CALLED A 25. THE BROAD, FLAT VALLEY FLOOR CARVED BY A MEANDERING STREAM IS CALLED A __________

• A. CROSSBOW LAKE B. CANYON C. FLOODPLAIN D. RAPIDSA. CROSSBOW LAKE B. CANYON C. FLOODPLAIN D. RAPIDS

TEST 4TEST 4

• 26. WHAT STAGE OF 26. WHAT STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT IS THIS DEVELOPMENT IS THIS

STREAM IN?STREAM IN?


• B. DEADB. DEAD



TEST 4TEST 4



• B. DEADB. DEAD



TEST 4TEST 4


• A. YOUNG A. YOUNG

• B. OLD AGEB. OLD AGE

• C. DEADC. DEAD


TEST 4TEST 4

• 29. WHAT DOES THIS 29. WHAT DOES THIS DIAGRAM REPRESENT?DIAGRAM REPRESENT?

• A. OZARK PLATEAUA. OZARK PLATEAU

• B. NEW MADRID FAULTB. NEW MADRID FAULT

• C. CROWLEY’S RIDGEC. CROWLEY’S RIDGE

• D. HIGHWAY 40 NORTHD. HIGHWAY 40 NORTH

TEST 4TEST 4

• 30. WHAT DOES THE LIGHT 30. WHAT DOES THE LIGHT COLORED AREA BELOW THE COLORED AREA BELOW THE

WHITE LINE REPRESENT?WHITE LINE REPRESENT?

• A. SOUTHERN PLATEAUA. SOUTHERN PLATEAU

• B. COASTAL PLAINSB. COASTAL PLAINS

• C. INTERIOR PLAINSC. INTERIOR PLAINS

• D. ROCKY MOUNTAINSD. ROCKY MOUNTAINS

TEST 4TEST 4

• 31. WHAT DOES THIS AREA 31. WHAT DOES THIS AREA REPRESENT?REPRESENT?

• A. CENTRAL PLATEAUA. CENTRAL PLATEAU

• B. INTERIOR PLAINSB. INTERIOR PLAINS

• C. OZARK PLATEAUC. OZARK PLATEAU

• D. COASTAL PLAINSD. COASTAL PLAINS

TEST 4TEST 4



• B. MOUNTAINB. MOUNTAIN

• C. HIGHWAY MAPC. HIGHWAY MAP

• D. DELTAD. DELTA

TEST 4TEST 4

• 33. THIS PICTURE 33. THIS PICTURE REPRESENTS ____.REPRESENTS ____.



• C. RIVER EROSIONC. RIVER EROSION

• D. STREAM EROSIOND. STREAM EROSION

TEST 4TEST 4

• 34. THIS PICTURE 34. THIS PICTURE REPRESENTS____.REPRESENTS____.


• B. STREAM EROSIONB. STREAM EROSION

• C. RILL EROSIONC. RILL EROSION

• D. RIVER EROSIOND. RIVER EROSION

TEST 4TEST 4



• B. PLAINSB. PLAINS

• C. SHORELINEC. SHORELINE

• D. SWAMPD. SWAMP

TEST 4TEST 4


• A. 400 MA. 400 M

• B. 200 MB. 200 M

• C. 100 MC. 100 M

• D. 600 MD. 600 M

TEST 4TEST 4

• 37. HOW TALL IS BAKER HILL?37. HOW TALL IS BAKER HILL?

• A. 10M B. 30M C. 20 M D. 50 MA. 10M B. 30M C. 20 M D. 50 M



• 39. APPROXIMATELY HOW TALL IS 39. APPROXIMATELY HOW TALL IS ABLE HILL?ABLE HILL?

• A. 10M B. 20M C. 40 M D. 30 MA. 10M B. 20M C. 40 M D. 30 M

• 40. WHAT IS THE NAME OF THIS 40. WHAT IS THE NAME OF THIS TYPE OF MAP?TYPE OF MAP?

• A. HYROGLYPHIC B. A. HYROGLYPHIC B. TOPOGRAPHICTOPOGRAPHIC

• C. ROBINSON D. CONICC. ROBINSON D. CONIC

HOW WEATHERING AND EROSION AFFECT THE OCEANS SALINITY

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