How water physics affect Marine Life. Sunlight Photosynthesis -Process of using light energy to...
Transcript of How water physics affect Marine Life. Sunlight Photosynthesis -Process of using light energy to...
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How water physics affect Marine Life
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Sunlight
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Photosynthesis
- Process of using light energy to create carbohydrates from inorganic compounds is called photosynthesis.
- FORMULA:
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Light
• Light- Photic Only!!• 2 zones in respect to light penetration– Photic: • Euphotic (1%: most biologically productive)• Dysphotic (not enough for photosynthetic life)
– Aphotic: most of ocean
(pg. 59 – Water and Light)
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Desiccation
• Drying out• Pigment Destruction
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Scatter
• Suspended materials:– Light- reflect– Dark-Absorb
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What is White Light?• Combination of all visible colors
Why is the Ocean Blue?• Blue light remains- strongest and must travel
through the most water before absorbed– High Energy, Short Wavelength
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Concealment
• Chromatophores- contains a colored pigment that the animal can reveal by constricting a muscle around it– Different chromatophores, different colors
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Temperature
• Ocean- fluctuates less than land• Ectotherm- “Cold-blooded” Internal temp
changes with external temp• Endotherm- “Warm-Blooded” Relatively
stable internal temp
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Advantages of Being An Endotherm
• Tolerate a wide range of external temps, live in a variety of habitats, metabolic rate remains the same
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Thermocline
• Zone of Rapid Temp. Change
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Salinity
- Measure of the concentration of dissolved organic salts in the water
- Solutes- Osmosis
- Hypotonic- Hypertonic- Isotonic
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Halocline• Salinity drops rapidly with depth
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Density
• Mass of a substancein a given volume • Pycnocline
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Pressure
• 760mm Hg or 1 atm – Increases every 10 meters
• Hydrostatic Pressure- weight of the water column above a given depth– Primarily an issue for organisms who have gas in
their bodies
• Equalizing- add air to space in ear
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Bends
• nitrogen gas that is dissolved in the blood comes out of solution, and forms gas bubbles as the pressure decreases during an ascent.
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Sound• Only travel through
matter• Water or Air????– Travels through warm
water faster than cold and faster in deep water due to pressure
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Echolocation
• Dolphins and Whales• Sending out a sound wave, then senses the
reflected sound wave that bounces back off an object
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Size and Volume
• Why are single-celled organisms always small?– Exchange nutrients and gas directly with the
external environment.
• Multicellular: High surface area to volume ratio
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Buoyancy
• Minimizes affect of weight– Buoyed up by a force nearly the same as their
own weight
• Don’t expend much energy– Grow larger, live without touching bottom
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Movement and Drag
• Avoid Sinking:– Protrusions to increase drag and buoyancy
adaptations
• Handle Resistance– Excrete mucus or oil “slip through water”– Streamlining: shape reduces drag
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Currents
• New Habitats• No energy