How to Write Articles Summary
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Transcript of How to Write Articles Summary
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The Department of English Education
FITK UIN Jakarta
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The goal of writing a summary of an article, asingle chapter or a whole book is to offer as
accurately as possible the full sense of theoriginal, but in a more condensed form. Asummary restates the author's main point,purpose, intent and supporting details in yourown words.
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A summary or prcis is a shorter versionof a longer piece of writing. The summary
captures all the most important parts of theoriginal, but expresses them in a [much]shorter space
Summarizing exercises are usually set to test
your understanding of the original, and yourability to re-state its main purpose
Summarizing is also a useful skill whengathering information or doing research.
The summary should be expressed as far aspossible in your own words. Its not enoughto merely copy out parts of the original.
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State the main point first. Emphasize the main stages of though.
State the articles conclusion. Summarize rather than give a table of
contents
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Summarizing such texts requires adequateunderstanding of the experimental method and
discussions. In such articles usually the reportfollows the order: Purpose of the experiment, What method was used, What results were found, What the author concludes by looking at the
results of the study.
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Method:
Subjects: 75 young male regular tea drinkers
Experimental design: Ss divided into 2 groups monitored for 2 weeks
Experimental group: given caffeinated tea mixture
Control group: placebo drink
Task: both groups given challenging tasks:
Subjected to one of 3 stressful situations and asked to prepare a verbal response
Results:
Increased blood pressure, heart rate and subjective stress ratings in both groups 50 mins after the task, cortisol levels dropped by an ave of 47% in tea-drinking
group
27% in the fake tea group
Blood platelet activation was lower in tea drinkers
Tea drinkers: greater degree of relaxation in recovery period
Conclusion and discussion:
Tea drinkers recover from stress more quickly than those who drink a fake teasubstitute
Unclear if ingredients in tea responsible
Tea drinking not decrease stress levels but brings stress hormone levels back tonormal more quickly Important bec. slow recovery after acute stress lead tochronic illnesses e.g. heart disease
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Summarizing argumentative ortheoretical texts
follow the authors main line of reasoning
spot his arguments
identify the counterarguments he puts forward to
refute another argument
differentiate between main ideas, and evidenceprovided to support or refute arguments.
decide what is essential information and what isdetail.
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Comprehensive:You have included in yoursummary all of the authors major ideas,assertions and findings
Accurate:in your choice of words andparaphrasing you did not misrepresent theauthors ideas
Neutral:you tried to be objective and fairand did not include your own evaluation or
comments Independent:a person who has not read the
source text can understand what you havewritten
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The purpose of a critical analysis essay is
to accurately summarize and critique the
argument of another article or composition.In summarizing an article, you strive to
present the author's ideas in your own
words. In critiquing the article, you try to
evaluate the author's ideas by determining
their validity
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Write an introduction. In one sentence, paraphrase the thesis of thearticle or essay you are responding to, including the author's name andtitle of the article. Then write another sentence or two that states thepoints you intend to make concerning the article's ideas. This type ofintroduction will tell the reader what you plan to argue and how thepaper will progress.
Write a summary of the main ideas presented in the article or essay youare responding to, consolidating the author's points, leaving out smalldetails, and avoiding any repetition in the original source. Rememberalso to sequence the author's main ideas in a logical order, to usetransitions to connect their ideas, and to quote when necessary.
Write a critique of the author's points. When you critique a point, firstrestate it very briefly, then state whether you agree or disagree. Finally,analyze the author's evidence and reasoning to indicate why you agreeor disagree with the point. Each of your points should be responding insome way to the points in the essay you are critiquing. You maydemonstrate logical fallacies in the author's argument, showinconsistencies in the author's methods, or make practical observationsabout the author's conclusions
Add a conclusion, summing up your overall reaction to the validity ofthe source, explaining its strengths and weaknesses, and evaluatinghow well it achieves its purpose. The conclusion should be no moretwo or three paragraphs.
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Tipsinsummarizing an essay. Ask yourself, "what is the essay trying to tell me?" The topic of your essay may be
about secondhand smoking, global warming or just about any other. You may have to
carefully identify the topic of the essayfirst before you can be able to further
elaborate on your summary. Identify the thesis of the essay. The thesis of the essay is the main argument of the
article stating something about the topic. For example, if the topic of the essay is
"secondhand smoking," the thesis states something about secondhand smoking,
something like "secondhand smoking is worse than firsthand smoking" or "the
government should look into secondhand smokers as a main concern for legislating
health laws related to smoking in public." After identifying the thesis of your essay, you have to look for the main arguments
supporting the thesisor main claim of the essay. If the thesis of the essay is
"secondhand smoking is worse than firsthand smoking", identify the main arguments in
support of and/or against the thesis.
You can provide in your essay summary a few examplesmentioned in the essay
pertaining to the main arguments. However, try to limit the number of your examples toat least one or two as maximum since you are simply summarizing the article.
Close your summary with a brief sentence about the essay's conclusion.
DO NOTwrite as to whether the essay is well written or otherwise as it is not required
for a summary. It is required, however, if you are doing a reviewof the essay instead
of a summary. DOprovide the author's name and the title of the essay at the beginning of your
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paper. A research paper may have an abstractwhich basically tells the
reader about what to expect from the article. If the research papercontains an abstract, it can serve as your most basic yet most concisesummary of the entire research paper.
If there is no abstract, go the introduction of the research paper.Identify the purpose and the background of the research. These thingswill serve as your introduction for your summary. The introductory partof the research paper typically includes the thesis.
Go to the literature reviewand list down the main arguments of thereviewed literature in the research paper, whether they be in support of
or against the article you are summarizing. Identify the methodologyused and the reason why the author chose
that methodology. This usually refers to the methods, calculations orexperiments applied to the variables in the research.
Write down the data analysisdone by the author. This typicallyincludes the method used in the research in getting the needed datafrom the methodology.
Briefly list down the resultsof the data analysis. Results may includethe outcome of the experiment, the end-products or the effectsobserved at the end of the data analysis.
Provide a short summary of the discussionof the results in theresearch paper. It basically includes the possible suggestions on howto improve the research or on how to conduct future research based onthe iven research.
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(Name) (NIM) (Class)
Article Review Form
Article title: _______________________________________________Writer: __________________________________________________Journal/Newspaper: ________________________________________Date published: ______________ Number of words: ________________List No.: ______________
What is the main issue of the article? (please refer toSummarizing argumentative or theoretical texts)
What is the method used in the article and what is the result?(please refer to Summarizing an experimental report)
How did the writer put him or herself in the article?
Would you support or contradict the writer? Why?
Any personal experience or evidence or thought related to thetopic of the article?
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Monkey Brain Research: The CaseAgainst: Student Summary
Dr Ray Greek, medical director of Europeans For MedicalAdvancement, in his article titled Monkey Brain Research: TheCase Against asserts that there is no need for monkey brainresearch. Dr Greek states that brain research on monkeys cannotpredict side effects on human beings. Many drugs and vaccines that
had no side effects on primates may cause serious damage inhumans, e.g. an Alzheimers vaccine that was seen completelyharmless on primates caused brain inflammation in humans.
Another reason why we should not conduct experiments onprimates is that human and primate brains are completely differentin size, biochemical pathways and genetic expression. Finally,
knowledge about human diseases came from autopsies, populationresearch and studies on human tissues. Greek concludes thatfunding had better be spent on research involving DNA arrays,
bioinformatics, human stem cells and not on animal research.
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Paper: A4, 70gr
Font: Times new roman 12 Spacing: 5 pt
Line spacing: exactly 15
Lay out: 3 cm for all sides
Maximum 800 words (one page)
Due time:
I. Oct 28 (2 articles)
II. Nov 11 (3 articles)III. Nov 25 (3 articles)
IV.Dec 9 (2 articles)