How to write an explanationmrsbradleymms.weebly.com/uploads/1/7/7/8/17789069/claim_evide… · as...
Transcript of How to write an explanationmrsbradleymms.weebly.com/uploads/1/7/7/8/17789069/claim_evide… · as...
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How to write an explanation
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Objectives
● To understand the literary terms
● To be able to apply literary terms in an
argument
● To establish a claim, evidence, and reason
for a topic
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ARGUE
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PERSUASIVE WRITING,
right?
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Persuasive writing is based on an emotional appeal
and the credibility of the writer.
Argument writing is based on logic and reasoning.
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An argument is a claim that someone
believes should or should not be true.
Kids should be in school
Monday through Saturday!
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A claim by itself is not enough. You
have to convince people why your
claim is true.
You do this by using
evidence and reasons.
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“I need backup!”
A main argument--or claim--all by itself
is not very strong.
Evidence explain how the evidence supports the claim.
Reasoning supports the evidence.
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Claim=Argument
Most argument text have two sides to a guiding
question.
Your claim is the concluding statement that
answers your original question.
● The claim is usually one sentence in length.
● It must be accurate, specific, and completely
answer the question.
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Evidence=Proof
The evidence is all of the material that you
have read that supports your claim.
● Evidence must be sufficient and relevant to
your claim. Not all data is considered
evidence!
● Most evidence is specific information. This
can come from your own research or reading
or another person’s research.
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Evidence
The evidence is always supporting your claim.
● It can also come from other sources such as:
computer simulations, websites, textbook,
class notes, personal experience, etc.
● It is important to have numerous pieces of
evidence in order to prove your claim!
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Reasoning=Logical Support
Reasoning is the explanation that connects
your claim to the evidence that supports it.
● It shows why the materials you chose counts
as evidence.
● This explanation acts as a “conclusion” of
your claim.
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Reasoning
Reasoning is the explanation that connects
your claim to the evidence that supports it.
● It shows a detailed understanding of the
claim that you are trying to argue.
● The reasoning should fully answer and
support your claim.
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Claim:
Kids should not have to go to school on Saturdays.
Evidence: Students spend 36 hours a week at school.
Students spend 12 hours a week with their parents.
Reasoning: Most working parents have weekends off, and students need to be with their families.
Evidence: 86% of 11th and 12th graders work on the weekends.
Reasoning:Some students have jobs.
Evidence:Only 12% of students aren’t involved in extracurricular activities.
On average, students spend 22 hours a week on extracurricular activities.
Reasoning: Students need time for other activities.
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Argument
Synthesis
8/10/2011 16
Claim
Evidence
Reasoning
Evidence
Reasoning
Evidence
Reasoning
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Making a Claim
Think about how a teenage driver might convince his/her parents to loan the family car. Some tactics might include:
• Present examples of trustworthiness from the past
• Instill feelings of guilt
• Whine
• Present statistics on teen driving to demonstrate a sense of responsibility.
8/10/2011
17
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Evidence
I should be allowed to drive the
car!
I probably should not be allowed to
drive the car!
Concluding
Statement
I passed the driving test the first time.
(I know the rules.)
Driving record at MVA
I have never gotten a ticket.
(I follow the rules.) Driving record at MVA
I have not lost my cell phone, wallet, or debit card.
(I am responsible.) Personal communication
Traffic accidents are a leading cause of death for teenagers. (They don’t pay attention as well) NHTSA
No previous experience with being responsible for something this potentially dangerous or expensive. Personal communication
Synthesis
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19
Concluding Statement
Synthesis Point out strengths and limitations of both claim and counterclaim
Clarify relationships between claim and evidence, and reasons, and claim and counterclaim.
I should be allowed to drive the family car as I have
demonstrated responsibility, fulfilled the legal
requirements, and have maintained control of my
driving. Even though it is true that traffic accidents are a leading killer of teenagers, it
is obvious since not all teenagers have accidents that there are many safe teenage
drivers. In previous circumstances, when I have
been given the opportunity to be responsible, I have
demonstrated this attribute so a lack of experience is not a
strong counterclaim.
Synthesis Claim
Evidence Reasoning
Evidence Reasoning
Evidence Reasoning
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Real-World Claims
People make claims all of the time.
Friends, parents, and just about every
commerical on TV is making a claim about
something.
Discuss some claims you have heard
recently.
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Some examples...
● Global warming
● Energy drinks
● Bottled water
● Diets
● Axe body spray
● Airborne
● Organic food
● Vaccinations
● Vitamins
● Furniture stores
● Car insurance
● Magnet bracelets