How to start to write a scientific paper Ashgan Mohamed, Ph.D Assistant Professor Cairo University.
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Transcript of How to start to write a scientific paper Ashgan Mohamed, Ph.D Assistant Professor Cairo University.
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How to start to write a scientific paper
Ashgan Mohamed, Ph.D
Assistant Professor
Cairo University
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• The strength of your idea (content) for a manuscript.
• Once you’ve selected a good idea, then communicating it is important.
• Communicating your good idea is what we’re talking about today.
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The construction of the science is based on the communication of the research results
Research
Production
Literature
your research career.
Previous works are thebasis for yours, when you enter in the loop (intake, production, output and feedback) you become a consumer and a producer and so on till the end of
Why is important your scientific contribution?
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Question
How does the process begin?
Preliminary research
answeryes noNew research
Project design
Lab workresults
conclusions
manuscript Dissemination & retrieval
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Be aware of the contribution of your research to the Scientific Community and try to share it with your colleagues
How?
Communicating your results (written, oral, others)
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When you consider you have finished an homogeneous part, be sure before closing the assays.
Arrange and organize your notes, references or any other material, display and classify it.
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How to start
to write a manuscript?
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Organize your information
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Structure your information in separate blocks
Notes, references, objetives
Samples, individuals, sampling, analytical and statistical methods, ...
Answers to the objetives supported by graphical or any other forms
Analysis of the results, comparison with other authors
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Try to integrate your puzzle of information
And structure it
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Structure of a scientific paper
Title
Authors’ names and
affiliation
Abstract, keywords
Introduction
Material and methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Annexes
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TITLEThe title should inform accurately about the content of the manuscript. It must be informative, brief, specific, and accurate.
Why is important the title?
Data bases use titles to for indexes
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Authors’ names and affiliations
Use always the same name (signature) to avoid any confussion within the scientific community. Identify the author for correspondence (with *).
Give the complete name and address of the institutions or centers the authors belong to.
Currently e-mails are also given.
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Abstract
The abstract, summary or synopsis is, like the title, one
element within the manuscript of relevant importance. The
retrieval of the paper and its reading depend greatly on it.
Therefore it should provide the concise information to
indicate whether the paper fulfils our expectations.The main
feature of an abstract is its size. In very few words (200-300)
the abstract should inform about the main aspects of the
manuscripts and respond to why, what, how and the results
and their interpretation.
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Characteristics of an abstract
Brief Inform ative
Concise Condensed
Content
Structured Single paragraph
Form at
Abstract
Short sentences, but not telegraphedNo references, tables or figures
No abbreviations..No excessive details
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Keywords
Their source could come from:
Free text
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IntroductionBrief
Focused
With the most relevant references
Without repetitions of known stablished assumptions
Aims and objetives
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Material and methods
Samples, sampling
Individuals
Material (origin if neccesary)
Methods (references and brief description)
Statistical methods (packages, software..)
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Results
Answers to the objectives
Expose the experiences logically sequenced
Do not repeat any information in tables or figures, and in the text
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Discussion
What do the results mean?
Are my results compared with other previous works?
Do not repeat results
Conclusions
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Acknowledgements
Names, institutions, projects, grants, etc...
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Citation
S. Harvard S. Vancouver(Name and year) (numerical sequence)
......These results agreed with previous works (Smith, 1996; Brown et al., 1998)....
......These results agreed with previous works 1,2......
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Have you chosen the journal?
Have you the instructions to authors?
Let’s write the first draft
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Why?
How?
What did you find?
What does it mean?
Does your paper answer these questions?
introductionmaterial + methods
resultsdiscussion
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Check the accuracy of the data in tables and figures
Are all tables and figures neccesary?
Could you join figures or tables?
Do you repeat any information?
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Re-read first draft
Revise the style
Review the content, data, references
2nd draft
Final manuscript