PRESENTATION BYHAFEEZ ULLAH 34SAIRA MARYAM 37ADEEL ABBAS 23ANUM SHABAIR 11OMER HAYAT 06

HAFEEZ ULLAH ROLL NO 34

TOPIC:HOW TO REDUCE

UNEMPLOYMENT IN BUSINESS

QUALIFICATION

WHAT IS UNEMPLOYMENT

DEFINITION When people are without jobs and they have

actively looked for work within the past four weeks.(ILO)

HISTORY In traditional

societies, salary jobs did not exist yet, because money was not invented yet. These cultures lived off the land directly, and the land belonged to the tribe or to no one. Everyone knew how to build shelter and make food. When these cultures invented currency and moved to the cities, they began to depend on money to buy food from a middle man, instead of growing, gathering, or hunting the

food directly from nature. Dependence on jobs to make money to buy food and shelter was the beginning of unemployment.

A 1837 political cartoon about unemployment in the United States

HISTORICAL RECORDS OF UNEMPLOYMENT

Unemployment (2001_2011)

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Types & Causes of Unemployment

Types of UnemploymentCyclical Unemployment: Cyclical unemployment occurs

when the unemployment rate moves in the opposite direction as the GDP growth rate. So when GDP growth is small (or negative) unemployment is high.

Seasonal Unemployment: Seasonal unemployment occurs when

people are unemployed at certain times of the year, because they work in industries where they are not needed all year round. Examples of industries where demand, production and employment are seasonal include tourism and leisure, farming, construction and retailing.

Frictional Unemployment: People who are simply between jobs, in this

sense, are said to be frictionally unemployed. This is a particularly important category, since this category of unemployment can never be eliminated or reduced to zero. Even in the best-functioning market economy, there will be some people who are between jobs. The practical minimum proportion of the work force who are between jobs in given circumstances will be called the frictional unemployment.

Structural Unemployment: "structural unemployment" for

employment problems that arise because of a mismatch between the needs of employers and the skills and training of the labor force.

CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENTHigher growth rate of population

Lack of Technology

CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENTBusiness Trends

Nationalization of business units

CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENTLack of Technical Education

Shut Down of Industrial Units

CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENTIneffective Micro Financing Schemes

Political instability

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Steps to Reduce the Problem of Unemployment

Some steps which can be taken by the government sectors or world bodies in reducing the level of unemployment .

Betterment of the Employment Exchange: private companies which

provide the maximum job opportunities. Government should grant more funds and powers to its employment exchange terminal.

Steps to Reduce the Problem of Unemployment

Providing Better Educational Facilities to Citizens: Education creates employment, so a

country with good educational facilities will have less unemployment.

Steps to Reduce the Problem of Unemployment

Elimination of Child Labor: When underage children start making

money, they will look for more options to make money. Schools are made for children and vice versa. Elimination of child labor can definitely help people to go for better options.

Steps to Reduce the Problem of Unemployment

More Job Fairs: Government should initialize and

create more job fairs which form a bridge between companies which have employment opportunities and people who need employment.

Steps to Reduce the Problem of Unemployment

Increase in Government Grants to Public Sector Companies:

Public sector companies are also known to create hundreds of job opportunities. So an increase in grants to these companies will imply better functioning which will eventually help people who are unemployed.

Steps to Reduce the Problem of Unemployment

Improving Pay Scales to Reduce Unemployment by Choice:

Many people choose to be unemployed to do things they like or to avoid working on low pay scales. Improving pay scales in government and public sectors will give fewer options for people to stay unemployed by choice.

Steps to Reduce the Problem of Unemployment

Legalizing Many Unconventional Methods of Earning:

There are many modes of making money which are considered illegal in many places but are done secretly. Good examples of it are prostitution, gambling and betting. Legalizing these activities will create more employment.

Steps to Reduce the Problem of Unemployment

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