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How to prepare a European Digital Library
Olaf D. JanssenThe European Library OfficeThe Hague, The Netherlands
ICADL Dec 2007
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1. National libraries in Europe
2. The European Library (TEL)2.1 What is it?2.2 Demo2.3 How does it work?
3. TEL as basis for European Digital Library (EDL) 3.1 Introduction to EDL3.2 Strenghts of TEL3.3 Weaknesses of TEL
4. From TEL to EDL – recent developments
Structure of presentation
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1. National libraries in Europe
2. The European Library (TEL)2.1 What is it?2.2 Demo2.3 How does it work?
3. TEL as basis for European Digital Library (EDL) 3.1 Introduction to EDL3.2 Strenghts of TEL3.3 Weaknesses of TEL
4. From TEL to EDL – recent developments
Structure of presentation
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Europe – relevant institutions
European Union (EU)- Founded 1992- 27 members states- Major project funder
More www.eu.int
• Council of Europe (CoE)- Founded 1949- 47 member states, 800M people - Aim: to achieve a greater unity
between its members.
More www.coe.int
1. National libraries in Europe
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National libraries• By law 1 per country (Russia & Italy 2)
• Roles: Deposit library (national bibliography) Scientific library Sometimes also university library (eg FI, SI)
• Preserving, managing & opening national cultural heritage (documents)
• Promoting & supporting national & international co-operation
• Research & development (national & international)
1. National libraries in Europe
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National library e.g. British Library
47 official national libraries – 45 countries(Council of Europe)
20y collaboration, consensus & trust Since 1987, since 1995 online
Latest collaborative project is The European Library
National libraries in Europe
1. National libraries in Europe
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More info:
www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/libraries
1. National libraries in Europe
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Commercial break
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A new
exhibition
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Architecture of
Europe’s
National Libraries
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Is now live
!!!
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www.TheEuropeanLibrary.org/exhibition
This commercial breakwas sponsored by
TheEuropeanLibrary.org
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1. National libraries in Europe
2. The European Library (TEL)2.1 What is it?2.2 Demo2.3 How does it work?
3. TEL as basis for European Digital Library (EDL) 3.1 Introduction to EDL3.2 Strenghts of TEL3.3 Weaknesses of TEL
4. From TEL to EDL – recent developments
5. Future plans
Structure of presentation
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1. National libraries in Europe
2. The European Library (TEL)2.1 What is it?2.2 Demo2.3 How does it work?
3. TEL as basis for European Digital Library (EDL) 3.1 Introduction to EDL3.2 Strenghts of TEL3.3 Weaknesses of TEL
4. From TEL to EDL – recent developments
5. Future plans
Structure of presentation
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TheEuropeanLibrary.org =- service of all 47 European national libraries
- to provide access to their
- catalogues & digital collections
- via 1 central multi-lingual web interface
- (= portal)
What is The European Library?
2.1 Introduction to The European Library
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www.TheEuropeanLibrary.org
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Background• Origin in 2001: 2.5y feasibility study funded by EU
• Intended to create operational service from start, so business plan was part of feasibility study
• TheEuropeanLibrary.org is live since March 2005
• Funded by the national libraries (NOT EU)
• Development + maintenance by The European Library Office (Netherlands – 9 FTE)
2.1 Introduction to The European Library
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Vision
“Provision of equal access to promote world-wide understanding of the richness and diversity of European learning and culture.”
“The European Library exists to open up the universe of knowledge, information and culture of all Europe's national libraries”
Mission
2.1 Introduction to The European Library
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Members of The European Library – year by year
2005 : Netherlands, Switzerland, UK, Finland, France, Germany, Portugal, Italy-Florence, Italy-Rome
2006 : Malta, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovenia, Estonia, Poland, Slovakia Austria, Serbia, Croatia, Denmark
2007 : Belgium, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Russia-Moscow
end 2008 : Bulgaria & Romania
end 2008 : Albania, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Georgia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Ukraine
end 2008 : Turkey + Russia-StPetersburg
9
23
33
35
43
45
2.1 Introduction to The European Library
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What’s good about The European LibraryFor end-users
Have integrated access (1-stop-shop) to catalogues & digital collections of national libraries of Europe
Quality-controlled deep web resources
310+ collections - 170M bibliographic records - millions digital objects
For the national libraries International showcase for collections
Wider access to their collections & content
Combined political mass greater marketing and negotiation power.
2.1 Introduction to The European Library
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1. National libraries in Europe
2. The European Library (TEL)2.1 What is it?2.2 Demo2.3 How does it work?
3. TEL as basis for European Digital Library (EDL) 3.1 Introduction to EDL3.2 Strenghts of TEL3.3 Weaknesses of TEL
4. From TEL to EDL – recent developments
5. Future plans
Structure of presentation
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www.theeuropeanlibrary.org
2.2 Demo – searching in The European Library
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Homepage in English
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Homepage in Icelandic
…. or 23 other languages
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1. Basic search
2.2 Demo – searching in The European Library
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Movie from Hungary about Vietnam
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Photo from Austria about Vietnam
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2. Themed
search
Theme = religion
2.2 Demo – searching in The European Library
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Photo from The Netherlands about religion in Hanoi
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3. Search all collections from
Estonia (in Estonian interface)
2.2 Demo – searching in The European Library
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End of demo
2.2 Demo – searching in The European Library
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1. National libraries in Europe
2. The European Library (TEL)2.1 What is it?2.2 Demo2.3 How does it work?
3. TEL as basis for European Digital Library (EDL) 3.1 Introduction to EDL3.2 Strenghts of TEL3.3 Weaknesses of TEL
4. From TEL to EDL – recent developments
5. Future plans
Structure of presentation
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2.3 How does it work?Common standards
A. Access protocols
2. The European Library
B. Metadata D. Multilingual access
C. Collection descriptions
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2.3 How does it work?Common standards
A. Access protocols
2. The European Library
B. Metadata D. Multilingual access
C. Collection descriptions
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The European Library = hybrid portal = federated search tool
• Overall goal of The European Library = COLLABORATION Low implementation barrier for libraries is key!!
TEL uses well-known access protocols 1. OAI-PMH2. Z39.50 3. SRU 4. OpenURL
• The European Library portal queries 100 harvested collections in 1 central index via OAI-PMH
210 remote collections via Z39.50 & SRU
2.3.A Access protocols in The European Library
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Techniques / protocols used (1)
1) OAI-PMH (Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting)
OAI enabled collections have their metadata harvested, indexed and stored in TEL central index
Queries in these collections are queries in TEL central index!
2.2.A Access protocols in The European Library
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2) SRU (Search Retrieve via Url)SRU enabled collections are queried on-the-fly
using this protocol Direct communication with TEL-portal
3) Z39.50Z39.50 enabled collections are queried on-the-fly
via a Z39.50/SRU gateway
Z39.50/SRU gateway = translator
2.2.A Access protocols in The European Library
Techniques / protocols used (2,3)
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4) OpenURL for linking to external webservices
2.2.A Access protocols in The European Library
Techniques / protocols used (4)
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2.3 How does it work?Common standards
A. Access protocols
2. The European Library
B. Metadata D. Multilingual access
C. Collection descriptions
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All 170M records in The European Library are in same metadata format!!
Metadata TEL Application Profile -- for Objects
Basis = Dublin Core+ Expanded with elements from other metadata sets+ Custom TEL elements
2.2.B Metadata in The European Library
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Dublin Core
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More info about metadataThe European Library Handbook
www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/handbook
2.2.B Metadata in The European Library
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2.3 How does it work?Common standards
A. Access protocols
2. The European Library
B. Metadata D. Multilingual access
C. Collection descriptions
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All 310 collection descriptions in The European Library are in same format!!
Collection descriptions TEL Application Profile -- for Collections
Help users to select collections they want to search in
Each collection description translated in 24 languages
2.2.C Collection descriptions in The European Library
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Collection description from Iceland
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More info about collection descriptionsThe European Library Handbook
www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/handbook
2.2.C Collection descriptions in The European Library
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2.3 How does it work?Common standards
A. Access protocols
2. The European Library
B. Metadata D. Multilingual access
C. Collection descriptions
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Multi-lingual access1. Portal interface in 24 languages : done!
2. Collection descriptions in 24 languages : done!
Multi-lingual search & retrieve1. Subject headings / controlled vocabularies
prototype ready
2. Free text / uncontrolled vocabularies : major challenge!!
2.2.D Multi-linguality in The European Library
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Portal interface in 24 languages
English
2.2.D Multi-lingual access in The European Library
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Portal interface in 24 languages
Danish
2.2.D Multi-lingual access in The European Library
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Portal interface in 24 languages
Greek
2.2.D Multi-lingual access in The European Library
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Collection descriptions in 24 languages
English
2.2.D Multi-lingual access in The European Library
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Collection descriptions in 24 languages
Maltese
2.2.D Multi-lingual access in The European Library
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1. National libraries in Europe
2. The European Library (TEL)2.1 What is it?2.2 Demo2.3 How does it work?
3. TEL as basis for European Digital Library (EDL) 3.1 Introduction to EDL3.2 Strenghts of TEL3.3 Weaknesses of TEL
4. From TEL to EDL – recent developments
5. Future plans
Structure of presentation
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1. National libraries in Europe
2. The European Library (TEL)2.1 What is it?2.2 Demo2.3 How does it work?
3. TEL as basis for European Digital Library (EDL) 3.1 Introduction to EDL3.2 Strenghts of TEL3.3 Weaknesses of TEL
4. From TEL to EDL – recent developments
5. Future plans
Structure of presentation
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European Digital Library
- yet to be built - pan-European - multi-lingual portal - giving access to digital
cultural heritage- from European libraries
AND museums & archives
3.1 Introduction to the European Digital Library
The European Library
- operational - pan-European - multi-lingual portal - giving access to digital
cultural heritage- from European
libraries only
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• December 2004 : Google announces its Google Print initiative (digitse 4 major US libraries + Oxford UK)
• January 2005: comments by Jean-Noël Jeanneney (president BnF) : Anglo-American dominance
• Large press coverage: “Europe’s cultural war with Google”
• French call for safeguarding the European cultural heritage support from European Union
• European Union 2005 : “Creation of a European Digital Library is a strategic priority“
Short historical context
3.1 Introduction to the European Digital Library
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EU 2005 “Creation of a
European Digital Library is a strategic priority“
EU 2006 “The European Library
is a good starting point for a European Digital Library”
Vision of the European Union
3.1 Introduction to the European Digital Library
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To go from
here
3.1 Introduction to the European Digital Library
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To here
3.1 Introduction to the European Digital Library
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The European Library
is a good starting point for a
European Digital Library
Why?
3.1 Introduction to the European Digital Library
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1. National libraries in Europe
2. The European Library (TEL)2.1 What is it?2.2 Demo2.3 How does it work?
3. TEL as basis for European Digital Library (EDL) 3.1 Introduction to EDL3.2 Strenghts of TEL3.3 Weaknesses of TEL
4. From TEL to EDL – recent developments
5. Future plans
Structure of presentation
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Why?
The European Library already has already created
Operational technological platform (TEL portal)
Based on common open standards for access (OAI, Z39.50, SRU)
Based on common open standards for metadata (Dublin Core)
Firm cooperative organisational framework (20 years consencus &trust between European national libraries)
3.2 Strenghts of TEL
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BUT…
A successful
European Digital Library
needs more ingredients ……
3.3 Weaknesses of TEL
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1. National libraries in Europe
2. The European Library (TEL)2.1 What is it?2.2 Demo2.3 How does it work?
3. TEL as basis for European Digital Library (EDL) 3.1 Introduction to EDL3.2 Strenghts of TEL3.3 Weaknesses of TEL
4. From TEL to EDL – recent developments
5. Future plans
Structure of presentation
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Weakness 1The European Library is about
ACCESS
not
DIGITISATION & PRESERVATION
3.3 Weaknesses of TEL
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Mass-digitisation of as many materials as possible
Long-time digital preservation of digitised materials
Problem Only 5-10% of content in TEL are digital
objects
Even lower %-tage is digitally preserved
3.3 Weaknesses of TEL
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Solution
national programmes +
Europe-wide network of competence centres
(funded by EU)
3.3 Weaknesses of TEL
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Weakness 2The European Library is about
FEDERATED SEARCHING
not
CENTRALISED SEARCHING
3.3 Weaknesses of TEL
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• Federated searching (Z39.50, SRU) sub-optimum user experience
• Central database (OAI-PMH) better user experience
• Advantages of 1 central database : Google-like searching
Speed
Sorting - Ranking - de-duplication
Virtual collections
3.3 Weaknesses of TEL
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Solution
Large-scale implementation of
OAI-PMH
3.3 Weaknesses of TEL
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OAI - 2006
OAI/central index
SRU
Z39.50 gateway60%
20%
20%
OAI - 2006
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OAI/central index
SRU
Z39.50 gateway
40%
26%
34%
OAI - 2007
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Weakness 3The European Library is about
MULTI-LINGUAL ACCESS
not
MULTI-LINGUAL SEARCH & RETRIEVAL
3.3 Weaknesses of TEL
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1. TEL has multi-lingual access portal interface in 24 languages collection descriptions in 24 languages
2. TEL has limited multilingual subject access controlled vocabularies
But the holy grail is ……
3. TEL has no multi-lingual search & retrieval e.g. Searching in German, finding texts in Spanish uncontrolled vocabularies/free texts
3.3 Weaknesses of TEL
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No solution
True multi-lingual
search & retrieval
is still distant
3.3 Weaknesses of TEL
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Weakness 4The European Library is about
LIBRARIES ONLY
not
MUSEUMS & ARCHIVES
3.3 Weaknesses of TEL
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For a successful European Digital Library
you need
1. Collaboration between libraries, museums and archives
… to agree on….
2. Technical & Interoperability strategy3. Organisational models & Funding structure4. Ownership & governance5. Sustainability
3.3 Weaknesses of TEL
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Solution
EDLnet
3.3 Weaknesses of TEL
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1. National libraries in Europe
2. The European Library (TEL)2.1 What is it?2.2 Demo2.3 How does it work?
3. TEL as basis for European Digital Library (EDL) 3.1 Introduction to EDL3.2 Strenghts of TEL3.3 Weaknesses of TEL
4. From TEL to EDL – recent developments
5. Future plans
Structure of presentation
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4. From TEL to EDL – recent developments
EDLnet ≠ The European Library
EDLnet ≠ The European Digital Library EDLnet ≠ Operational service
EDLnet ≠ Content of libraries only
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4. From TEL to EDL – recent developments
EDLnet = Feasibility study concertation exercise, consensus building, proof-of-concept , prototypesto build The European Digital Library
EDLnet = 4 domains Archives + Museums + Libraries + AV-archives
EDLnet = cross-domain cooperative network since Sept 07
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4. From TEL to EDL – recent developments
EDLnet - Cross-domain cooperative network
‘Coalition of the willing’ - 84 partners• Archives• AV-archives
• Museums
• Libraries
• Universities• And more…
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EDLnet - Fields of work I
1) Building a large trusted & committed cross-domain community - of archivists, librarians and museum people - committed to make the European Digital Library a reality
2) Produce clear and usable recommendations- on political, human, technical, semantical, metadata interoperability between 4 domains- on organizational and business models
4. From TEL to EDL – recent developments
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EDLnet - Fields of work II 3) Building a fully working prototype (‘maquette’) - multilingual access to - collections from museums, (AV-) archives & libraries- covering over 2 million digital items based on - 1st Theme = ‘Cities’
4) A proposal for funding & planning– to create an operational European Digital Library servicefrom 2009 onwards
4. From TEL to EDL – recent developments
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European Digital Library
Interoperability
is key!
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Summary
Common and open standards for access and interoperability are essential for a European Digital Library
The European Library is the forerunner
Building a European Digital Library is a much a political & social game as it is a technological
Willingness to collaborate is key!!
4. From TEL to EDL – recent developments
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Find out more on
EDLnet website
www.digitallibrary.euwww.edlnet.eu
4. From TEL to EDL – recent developments