How to Overcome Short-termism In Anti-Corruption Strategy: … · 2016-03-29 · •In South Korea,...
Transcript of How to Overcome Short-termism In Anti-Corruption Strategy: … · 2016-03-29 · •In South Korea,...
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Geo-Sung KIM ([email protected])
Transparency International – Korea
March 26, 2009
Macao SAR, P. R. China
How to Overcome Short-termism
In Anti-Corruption Strategy:
Youth Integrity Promotion
8th Regional Seminar
“Good Practices in Corruption Prevention”
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Moralism?
• R. Klitgaard, Controlling Corruption, 1988
– Moralist trauma
– Anticorruption Policies for Practical Purpose
– A Judgment on 1) Moralist Approach
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Legalism?
• UNCAC gap analysis
– What are the mandatory/voluntary requirements of
the convention?
– Did we accomplish them or not?
• Is there any law, works perfectly?
• Legalistic bias?
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Institutionalism?
• Transparency International, National Integrity
System, 2000
– The concept of NIS _ Pillars of the temple:
– No emphasis on moral basis
– Bias of 3) Institutionalism
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©Transparency International, 2000 5
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Short-termism in A-C Strategy
• The most powerful tool to prevent
corruption
– Regulations: FCPA?
– Conventions: OECD? UNCAC?
– Institutions: ICAC?
• Short-termism as a reaction from the
moralist trauma?
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Ethical Infra-structure
• Now is the time to reconcile!
– To avoid pseudo-holistic approaches
– For the longer term approaches
• The movement has to emphasize more on the
ethical infrastructure, as one of core and basic
elements of NIS, like the basis of the
Parthenon temple, Acropolis meaning stone
mountain.
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Youth Integrity
• Among others, Youth Integrity is a basic
foundation of a sound National Integrity
System as well as of Global Integrity System.
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Youth Integrity Index
• TI National Chapters agreed to develop Youth
Integrity Index.
• In July 2008, TI-Korea hosted YII workshop in
Seoul, Korea.
• A methodology with a common questionnaire
for YII was developed by 25 participants from
various countries:
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Questionnaire of YII 2008
• HOW DO YOU AGREE / DISAGREE WITH THE FOLL
OWING STATEMENTS:
• It is acceptable for my best friend to cheat in exam.
• It is acceptable for leaders to do something which might
be illegal as long as they can make my living better.
• Being rich is more important than being honest (integral).
• In order to win student club leader’s election, it is accept
able to buy snacks and gifts in the campaigning process.
• Giving a “gift” to a teacher is a good way to get better gra
des.
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Questionnaire of YII 2008• It is not necessary for student to specify sources of citation in case they
copy articles from internet and incorporate in their own homework.
• A government official can ask a special favor of the service taker/clients in
return.
• Even if my best friend who cheated in a test, I would report the case to the
teacher/ parent / someone I trust anyway.
• Waiting in a long queue, I would try to cut it to get to the movie faster.
• If there were no inspector /sergeant, I might not follow the traffic rules.
• I would inform proper authority about someone who engages in crime
and/or corruption.
• It is acceptable for my family to get rich by abusing power or breaking the
law.
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Structure of the questionnaire
Moral
/ Ethics
Righteous-
ness
Law
abiding
Anti-
Corruption
Cognitive 3 4 1 2
Affective 6 5 7 8
Behavioral 9 11 10 12
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YII pilot surveys in 2008
• TI’s national chapters in Bangladesh,
India, South Korea, and Mongolian IAAC
participated in the 2008 pilot surveys.
• Period: September, 2008
• Sample size: +/- 1,000 per country
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Major Findings of YII 2008
8.45
7.55
6.11
6.64
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
Bangladesh India Korea Mongolia
YII 2008 scores
Overall score (Q1-12)
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8.40
7.28
5.89
6.54
8.49
7.91
6.32
6.73
5.00
5.50
6.00
6.50
7.00
7.50
8.00
8.50
9.00
Bangladesh India Korea Mongolia
male female
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8.61
6.64
8.20
6.03
5.00
5.50
6.00
6.50
7.00
7.50
8.00
8.50
9.00
Bangladesh Korea
taken not-taken
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8.35
7.42
6.256.62
5.82
6.72
8.55
7.75
6.48
6.73
5.00
5.50
6.00
6.50
7.00
7.50
8.00
8.50
9.00
Bangladesh India Korea Mongolia
large size/urban middle size small size/rural
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Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Q11 Q12
Bangladesh 9.32 8.69 5.87 8.03 8.64 9.20 8.40 8.00 8.80 8.67 8.54 9.18
India 8.22 7.74 7.58 6.77 7.83 7.39 8.23 5.58 7.25 8.17 7.32 8.54
Korea 6.19 6.33 4.96 5.54 7.59 5.90 7.39 4.76 6.78 4.65 6.24 6.94
Mongolia 5.74 6.74 6.38 7.96 7.59 7.30 6.81 3.49 6.47 7.16 6.79 7.22
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
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5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q6
Q7
Q8
Q9
Q10
Q11
Q12
MEAN
7.4 7.4
6.2
7.1
7.9
7.4
7.7
5.5
7.3
7.27.2
8.0
7.2
mean
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5.00
5.50
6.00
6.50
7.00
7.50
8.00
8.50
9.00
Bangladesh India Korea Mongolia
7.98
7.58
5.76
6.71
8.56
7.26
6.41 6.30
8.80
7.82
6.15
6.91
COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE BEHAVIORAL
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5.00
5.50
6.00
6.50
7.00
7.50
8.00
8.50
9.00
Bangladesh India Korea Mongolia
7.96
7.41
5.88
6.72
8.40
7.31
6.46
7.45
8.80
8.21
6.08
6.57
8.62
7.29
6.01 5.82
MORAL/ETHICS RIGHTEOUNESS LAW-ABIDING ANTI-CORRUPTION
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0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
Bangladesh India Korea Mongolia
8.45
7.55
6.11
6.64
2.1
3.4
5.6
3.0
YII 2008 CPI 2008
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Major Lessons
• In South Korea, YII 2008 could get very
important response from the media.
• More than 15 newspapers wrote editorials or
columns on the issue of youth integrity and
education.
• As we experienced through the movement
(CPI), measurement can be a good port for
further navigation toward sea.
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Further Steps of YII
• There were some limitations.
• Further development for a better methodology
and a revised questionnaire, needed.
• In 2009, Youth Integrity Index with the
participation of more countries.
• Youth Integrity Index will be followed by
Youth Integrity Promotion Program.
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Youth Integrity Promotion
• Youth Integrity Index
– Measuring > Calling for Integrity Education
• Youth Integrity Network
– Networking > Empowering
• Youth Integrity Education
– Developing > Education
– tools for YIE
– Global Youth Integrity Conference
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Welcome aboard!
• Youth Integrity Index, 2009
– Period: September, 2009
– Sample Size: +/- 1,000
– Common Questionnaire (rev.)
– Result: 3rd CoSP to UNCAC
– Prior approval needed, by June 30, 2009
• Your participation in YIP is also crucial.
• TI and TI-Korea will appreciate any kind of
supports for YII and YIP.©TI-Korea, 2009 28
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감사합니다!
謝謝!Thank you!