How to guide( final)
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Transcript of How to guide( final)
Period 1 Honors World History Due: Jan 6/7 How To Guide: Mummifiaction Ancient Egypt
Jakya Bridges
Citations:
T z e l e p i s , S p i r o s . " A n c i e n t G r e e k T e c h -
n o l o g y . " A n c i e n t G r e e c e ( 2 0 0 2 ) : n . p a g .
W e b . 9 M a r 2 0 1 1 . < h t t p : / / u s e r s . o t e n e t . g r /
~ t z e l e p i s k / y c / a t . h t m > .
H e m i n g w a y , C o l e t t e . " A n c i e n t G r e e k
C o l o n i z a t i o n a n d T r a d e a n d T h e i r I n f l u e n c e
o n G r e e k A r t . " I n H e i l b r u n n T i m e l i n e o f A r t
H i s t o r y ( 2 0 0 0 ) : n . p a g . W e b . 9 M a r 2 0 1 1 .
< h t t p : / / w w w . m e t m u s e u m . o r g / t o a h / h d /
a n g k / h d _ a n g k . h t m >
Date: 01.07.11
The Preservation of
a lingering soul.
How to preserve a corpse of a nonliving organism
by embalming, drying, and wrapping it.
Who’s your mummy?
Mummification is the process in
which organs are removed from
the body and then treated with
chemicals.
Mummification Process
Page 2 Page 11
Step 9:
The mummy is placed into his/her sarcophagus.
Step 8:
To foster protect the cadaver from caving in, sawdust was put inside the body.
Step 10:
Once the mummification is complete , an “Opening of the Mouth” ceremony takes place. During this ceremony the mouth of the mummy was not opened, however, a feast did occur.
Step11:
The tomb is closed and sealed.
Page 10
Step 7:
After about thirty-five days, the natron was scrapped off and white linen was wrapped around the remaining figure. As the Hery seshta and Wetwy, the assistant embalmer, wrapped the character in linen, they placed amulets within the layers of the cloth.
Step 6:
The decaying flesh was covered with natron to preserve the body as much as possible.
Page 3
Table of Contents
Step 1: Incision
Step 2: Corpse is cleansed with Spices
Step 3: Corpse is filled with packets of natron
Step 4: Removal of Brain
Step 5: Removal of Eyes
Step 6: Covered in natron
Step 7: Wrapped in linen
Step 8: Filled with sawdust
Step 9: Placed in sarcophagus
Step 10: “Opening of the Mouth” Ceremony
Step 11: Tomb is sealed
Background information regarding
mummification.
Preparing a body for
the afterlife in Ancient
Egypt was an ex-
tremely long and com-
plicated method. The Egyptians believed that
preserving the corpse was important to keep their
soul alive. The Embalmers were priests who were
specified in the mummification process. Mummifi-
cation was a ritual, therefore priests who partici-
pated were trained to perform the practice with
both surgical and ritual precision. Mummification
is the procedure in which a cadaver is preserved
by embalming, drying, and wrapping it.
Page 4
Page 9
Step 5:
The eyes are removed. Subsequent to the removal of the eyes, the empty cavities were filled with packets of natron and sawdust. If the corpse was once a high class citizen, the sawdust was replaced with beautifully blown marbles. However, if not, the sawdust was taken out and the eye socket was left empty.
Page 8
Step 3:
After the body cavity is cleared and cleansed, it is filled with packets of natron.
Step 4:
The brain is removed. To extract the brain a hook is inserted into the nasal passage. On the hook is a small block that is used to crack the bone inside the nose. Once the bone is cracked, the metal hook is then inserted into the nose and pushed further until it reaches the brain. Due to the texture of the brain, the embalmers twisted the hook, causing the brain to ooze out of the nose.
Page 5
Spices and Other Materials used in mummifying
After the Embalmer removes all of the internal organs, excluding the heart, the body is cleansed with the previously displayed spices and wines. The following materials are shown above:
Linen
Sawdust
Lichen
Beeswax
Resin
Items needed to
undergo process
Packets of natron
Onion
Nile mud
Linen pads
Frankincense
Page 6
Bag of Natron
THIS NATURALLY OCCURRING SALT WAS AN IMPORTANT
PURIFYING AGENT, MAINLY BECAUSE ITS USED TO
DESTROY FAT AND GREASE.
Craving Utensils used in
mummification
Palm Wine
THIS WINE IS USED TO CLEANSE THE BODY CAVITIES AND VISCERA
DURING THE EMBALMING PROCESS.
The previously displayed items were used
to craft an incision on the side of the
abdomen. This slit was used to remove
several internal organs.
Mummifying
Page 7
Step 1:
First, an incision is crafted on the side of the abdomen by the Hery seshta, the chief embalmer. Using the opening, the intestines, lungs, and numerous other internal organs, excluding the heart, are removed. After the organs are extracted they are placed in jars and boxes to protect and preserve them.
Step 2:
The corpse is washed out with spices and wine to remove any odors and moisture.