Review

Quotation Marks “ “Used to show what someone said directly.

Ex: Martha whispered quietly, “I’m scared of the dark.”

RULES• Use punctuation inside of the quotation

marks. Ex: “What if we get stuck in this place?”

she asked.• Capitalize the first word in a quote.• Do NOT capitalize the first word in the

second part of an interrupted quotation unless the second part starts a new sentence.

Ex: “When,” she breathed, “do we get out of here?”

Commas ,Used to separate main clauses within a

sentence that are joined by a coordinating conjunction.

Ex: Mary teaches students, and she volunteers at a local women’s shelter.

Used to separate elements that introduce and modify sentences.

Ex: After looking at several cars, Michael decided on a sports car.

Use with quotations to separate the quoted words from the sources.

Ex: Bill Taylor said, “Players win games, teams win championships.”

Run-On SentenceHappens when a writer places no punctuation between independent clauses.

Ex: Bobbie likes movies John likes vacation.

Where should the punctuation be??

How to fix a fused or run-on sentence:• Add a Period: Bobbie likes movies. John likes

vacations.• Comma and Coordinating Conjunction: Bobbie

likes movies, and John likes vacations.• Semicolon: Bobbie likes movies; John likes

vacations. • Semicolon Conjunctive Adverb, and a Comma:

Bobbie likes movies; however, John likes vacations.

Adjective (adjectival) ClausePoints out or describes any noun or pronoun in a sentence.

Relative Pronoun (who, whom, whose, which, that) usually introduce an adjective clause. However, an adjective clause can sometimes be introduced with a relative adverb (when, where, why). Functions as an adverb.

Introduced by a subordinating conjunction.When adverbial clause begins a sentence, set it off with a comma; but, do not use a comma when the adverbial clause appears at the end of a sentence.EX: Because he stepped on her toe, she was annoyed.

Adverbial clause adjective

Adverbial clause modifies the adjective

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