How to Feed Your Canola

Tom JensenInternational Plant Nutrition Institute

Saskatoon, SK

•A not-for-profit, scientific organization dedicated to responsible management of plant nutrients for the benefit of the human family, www.ipni.net

•Member Companies

2

Incitec Pivot

IPNI Northern Great Plains Region

Crop Nutrition

•adequate supply of nutrients.

•balanced supply of nutrients.

Plant Mineral NutrientsMacro NutrientsNitrogen (N)Phosphorous (P)Potassium (K)

Micro NutrientsBoron (B)Chloride (Cl)Copper (Cu)Iron (Fe)Manganese (Mn)Molybdenum (Mo)Nickel (Ni)Zinc (Zn)

Secondary NutrientsSulfur (S)Calcium (Ca)Magnesium (Mg)

Essential Nutrients for Canola

• major: N,P,K• secondary: S, Ca, Mg

• micro: B, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Zn,Ni

Nitrogen

Phosphorus

Phosphorus, Canola and Soil Fungi• Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorhiza (VAM)–Canola is a non-VAM crop–Better P scavenger than small grains–Consider some extra P in seed-row of

wheat after canolaVAM (stained blue) in sagebrush root cellsPhoto credit:Marcia Wicklow - Howard, Boise State University

Potassium

Sulfur

Sulfur

Sulfur

• Sulfates– 21-0-0-24– 16-20-0-15

• Thio-sulfate (fine elemental) plus sulfate– Mosaic’s 13-33-0-15

• Elemental– 0-0-0-90– 0-0-0-100

Sulfur, fertilizers

Micro-nutrientssmall but important

Canola – 35 bu/acreN P2O5 K2O S

Uptake 115 51 81 19Grain 70 37 18 11Residue 35 14 63 8lb/bu 1.88 0.91 0.46 0.3

Wheat – 50 bu/acreN P2O5 K2O S

Uptake 70 32 73 10Grain 60 23 17 7Residue 10 9 56 3lb/bu 1.2` 0.46 0.34 0.14

N:S Ratios6:1 10:1

Soil Sampling and Testing

There is more to soil sampling than just filling the bag.

Conventional•Uniform field

•No reason to treat portions of the field differently

•Average values for the field, from 10 to 20 cores (15).

Landscape• There is a reason to break the field into various management units, eg.

Sandy ridge, needs more K

Lower Clay loam soil, needs less K

Benchmark• Choose a quarter acre

area representative of larger areas

• Soil sample within that area each year, 10 to 15 samples in each area

InSiteYPM™ defined SaMZ™

0 130 155 165 180

InSiteYPM™ and SaMZ™to define yield goal

within zones

Plant Analysis

Look At Some Soil and Plant Analysis Results

Soil Test Report, Alfalfa

Soil test results Recommendation• P2O5 4 ppm• K2O 102 ppm• S 12 lb/a• B 0.9 ppm• Zn 0.36 ppm

• 85 lb/a, broadcast• 138 lb/a, br.• 20 lb/a, broadcast• 1 lb/a, br.• 6 lb/a, broadcast

Plant Analysis Report, AlfalfaReported in % Reported in ppm

• Element Ideal Level• N 3%, 2.6-3.7• P 0.20% 0.26-0.7• K 1.0% 2.5-3.8• S 0.22% 0.31-0.5• Ca 2.42% 0.51-3.0• Mg 0.90% 0.31-1• Na 0.05% 0-0.1

• Element Ideal Level• Zn 30 21-70• Fe 67 30-250• Mn 62 21-200• Cu 5 8-29, ?• B 44 31-80

Questions?

Other items to discuss

•Heat blasting of flowers•Winter canola•Early seeded and shorter season spring canola•Canola quality mustards

•Shallow seeding, 1”, adequate moisture•No-till works well

•Herbicide tolerant systems•Glyphosate, Liberty, Clearfield

•Frost damage of spring seeded• Swath before combining, or

•Straight Cutting using:•Pod sealants•Push over bars

•Insects and diseases

Pest Control

Flea Beetle•seed treatment

•additional in-crop insecticide?

Diamondback Moth

Lygus Bug

Bertha Army Worm

Cabbage Seedpod Weevil• Host plants of the cabbage

seedpod weevil all belong to the mustard family (Brassicaceae), and include canola, brown mustard, cole crops (e.g. cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower) and cruciferous weeds (e.g. wild mustard, flixweed, stinkweed).

• Crop damage from cabbage seedpod weevil

– adults feed on the buds, causing bud-blasting

– Larvae feed within developing pods with each larva consuming about five seeds,

– and cause pod shattering

Damping-off(Seedling Blight)

Canola Diseases

Root RotComplex

Black Leg

Schlerotinia(stem rot)

Alternaria Black Spot

Fusarium Wilt

Canola

AsterYellows

Club Root of Cruciferae species,Canola is susceptible