Towards a competitive and sustainable African world class livestock sector

ALICE Nairobi, 26 June 2013

How to Feed Africa in 2050 ?

1. The Challenge 1. World trends

2. Today’s African Situation

3. Livestock and Artificial Insemination Statistics

2. The Opportunity: African Genetic potential 1. Excellent adaptation: Climate & Geographic

2. Disease Resilience

3. Consumption index

3. Livestock Genetic & Efficiency Improvement: 3 world Examples 1. France: Genetic Selection since 1960

2. India: White revolution/National Dairy Plan 1970

3. Brazil: Genetic improvement with Biotechnologies – Synchronization, Hybrid – 1998

4. An update on the current situation

4. New Technologies 1. Overview of Artificial Insemination & Synchronization

2. Genomic selection

3. Sexing Technologies

4. IVF

With a political will for self-sufficiency, Africa has a huge potential within its reach

REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE WORLD’S HUNGER

The Challenge

FOOD ISSUES BY REGION IN 2010 (IN MILLIONS)

The Challenge

• African population will reach 1.85 billion people in 2050 vs. 1 billion 2011: + 0.85 Billion • Life expectancy 1950 - 48 years 2010 - 69 years • Raising of middle class will boost consumption of Animal Protein • Increase in urban population will drive demand for Animal Protein

FAO source

+ 1 Billion in ASIA + 1 Billion in Africa

7 billion

9 billion

World Population Trend 1980 - 2050

Billions

Year

Urban

Rural

Developed Countries

Developing Countries

World Milking Production in 2010 & (Increase in last 5 years)

The Challenge

N. Am.95 Mt – 13% (+7Mt)

C. Am. 16 Mt – 2% (+0,5Mt)

S. Am 61 Mt – 9% (+10Mt)

Africa 37Mt – 5% (+8Mt)

Europe 217 Mt – 31% (+1Mt)

Asia 257 Mt – 36% (+41Mt)

Oceania 26Mt – 4% (+1Mt)

World Total: 711Mt (+68Mt)

• Africa has the highest percentage increase in milk production from 2005 to 2010: +22% • Africa represents over 15% of world’s population but produces 5% of milk • The average milk production per capita in Africa is 50% less than in Asia

85

30

EU-27

133

32

36

108

32

10

17

10

11

8

8

DEVELOPING MARKETS 40% of current world production

Milk production next growing clusters

Mature markets =

47% world

production

The Challenge

Developing dairy markets – 2010-2020

The Challenge

African Householder Trend

• By 2020, more than ½ of African households will have discretionary spending power

Raising of Animal Protein demand

NORTH AMERICA

6%

SOUTH AMERICA

14% MIDDLE

EAST 2%

EUROPE 17%

ASIA 31%

CENTRAL ASIA 4%

AFRICA 24%

OCEANIA 2%

North America

13%

Central America

2%

South America

9%

Europe 31%

Asia 36%

Africa 5%

Oceania 4%

The Challenge

The African Dairy Cow Situation today: Effectiveness World Dairy Cow Distribution (%) World Milking Production (%)

Africa Second largest dairy cattle population in the world

+ 4 countries in the Top 10 in # of Dairy cows

Huge potential for production

Top 10 Countries Dairy Cows Number (in M) INDIA 43,60

BRAZIL 23,00

SUDAN 14,95

CHINA 13,00

PAKISTAN 10,10

UNITED STATES 9,15

RUSSIA 9,02

KENYA 7,35

TANZANIA 6,90

ETHIOPIA 6,60

The Challenge

World

• 270 Million cattle inseminations

• 500 Million doses produced

• 70% of the dairy cows are inseminated in Developed Countries

Africa

• 240 Million Heads 16 % of worldwide

• 62 Million dairy cows Almost 25 % of worldwide

• 3 Million AI in 2012 1,1 % AI worldwide

• 6 Million doses produced 1,2 % produced worldwide

Livestock and Artificial Insemination estimations

The Opportunity: African Genetic potential

Excellent adaptation: Climate & Geographic Normande cow:

Production efficiency Heat & tropical diseases resistance

Zebu bull:

New hybrid adapted for local conditions and capable of producing high milk yields

• In excess of 50 ZEBU Breeds in Eastern Africa alone Imagine the opportunities!

Reproductive & DNA Technologies have the potential to combine the adapted traits of African local breeds with Elite breeds to raise milk & meat production

The Opportunity: African Genetic potential

Livestock Genetic & Efficiency Improvement: 3 world Examples

France: Genetic Selection since1960

Year

• Efficiency of dairy breed has risen thanks to progeny testing, milk recording & AI

• With Artificial Insemination, 1 Elite Bull 20 000 doses minimum per year

Ex France: 100 % increase in Holstein breed in the last 20 years

Kg/cow/lactation

Livestock Genetic & Efficiency Improvement: 3 world Examples

India: White revolution/National Dairy Plan 1970

• 1966: Milking production = 19 Million metric tonnes

• 1970 : “Operation Flood” National strategy supported by Ministry

- Reach national auto sufficiency in milk production - Support small dairy farmers (estimation of 80 to 100 M )

5% annual increase of dairy production since 1974 20 Million AI in 1999 41 Million AI in 2010 Biggest dairy producer in the world in 2010

Dairy Production Increase (2008/10-2020)

Livestock Genetic & Efficiency Improvement: 3 world Examples

Brazil: Genetic improvement with Biotechnologies

• Crossbreed with combined characteristics

• Girolando breed produces 80 % of the total milk in Brazil

• AI is correlated to the development of the dairy Breed Girolando

Holstein cow: Zebu Gir bull:

Girolando breed

Brazilian Cattle Insemination (%)

+ 5%

Milk production efficiency

Heat & tropical diseases resistance

15

Livestock Genetic & Efficiency Improvement: 3 world Examples

An update on the current situation

• France, India & Brazil are today in the top 10 milk producers worldwide

• Difference in Improvement: Speed due to starting point & political ambition

Imagine the speed with the new technologies

Overview of Synchronization & Artificial Insemination

New Technologies

• Synchronization by hormones: Hormones cycling the cattle

- Optimize the timing and cost (by gathering the IA for the vet) - Reduce the period between 2 calving - Plan unseasonal lactation for getting an higher price on milk - Avoid transfer of sexual pathologies

• Artificial insemination:

- Selection on the semen : bull with high genetic potential - Possibility to store the semen - Better profitability of the semen : 1 bull ejaculate = > 1 000 doses - No Distance limit between the male and female

Blood sample

Crossbreeding pattern of the individual

Database

Chips & Sequencing

Genomic Selection

New Technologies

Decrypt the DNA sequence on the efficient animal

High value animal

Knowledge Improvement

Genomic Selection

New Technologies

Genetic engineering and Biotechnologies : Combination of the

most efficient DNA sequences referring to the typical situation

Ankolé cow Montbéliard Elite bull

Heat & tropical disease

resistance

Milk production efficiency

New African breed combining the desired traits

Crossbreeding process

with advanced DNA Technologies

Genomic Selection

New Technologies

IVF - In Vitro Fertilization

New Technologies

• IVF embryos from adapted crossbreeds, wide spread on local recipients

Mother & Father Genetics potentiality already know

The Brazilian example

Source: IETS-2010

IVF Embryos

Annual Transfer

Annual trend (%)

World 374 000 +11%

Brazil 290 000 20%

80% of Girolando!

Expects 1M in 2015!

Male semen Female semen

Artificial inseminations with 90% gender accuracy

Semen collection

Sexing Technologies

New Technologies

• Possibility to choose your own sex percentage on your herd • Mostly on heifers (90% approx.)

More cows = more milk No more surprise after 9 months of pregnancy

AFRICAN HUGE POTENTIAL

Advanced DNA & Reproductive Technologies will open the door for efficiency breeding in developing countries

Key of success:

Support of foreign expertise & New technologies -Artificial insemination -Hormonal synchronization -DNA technologies -In vitro fecundation -Sexed semen

Strong local breeds and Genetic opportunity

Political willingness

With a willing strategy and commitment to enhance the African livestock potential, Africa can become self-

sufficient in the next 30 years

Thank you for your attention.

AFRICAN HUGE POTENTIAL