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Research Paper AssignmentResearch Paper AssignmentIdentify what the assignment requires: Topic possibilities- Visit English III

Research site on class blog

•Should homework be abolished?

•Should the minimum wage be raised?

number of sources: minimum of 6type of sources (Research Databases

through February) citation requirements (MLA) presentation requirements

(written) length of paper: 4-7 pages due date- March 13th

Getting StartedGetting Started

• Choose a topic (from the list of five) based on requirements.

• Ask yourself questions:• What do I know about the topic?• What would I like to learn?• What will others learn from reading my

paper?

• How will I persuade using arguments?

Personal Exploration of TopicPersonal Exploration of Topic

Once you have familiarized yourself with the topic, reflect on your initial impressions:Free Writing – just write down your thoughts List Key Words – list words that describe

your topicClustering/Webbing - create a web that links

terms together (an example of webbing is on the next slide)

Starting Your ResearchStarting Your Research– Gather articles- email or use Diigo

(bookmarking site)

– Copy and paste article citations in a google doc???

Decide on the Usefulness of Decide on the Usefulness of Journal ArticlesJournal Articles

Evaluate usefulness of journal articles for assignment:– Read title and subtitle as clue to

content.– Read abstract if available.– Check key terms at end of article for

related links to further explore topic.

How to Avoid PlagiarismHow to Avoid Plagiarism

How to Avoid Plagiarism – Review the PowerPoint presentation. It covers:– Citing sources of information.– How to paraphrase, summarize,

quote.– How to cite your sources for your

works cited page.

Taking NotesTaking Notes Organizing Your Research Using Diigo

– Read source actively by highlighting important information. Click and highlight the article. Add your own notes.

– Find notes on the following as you read each article and label all notes as such:

Overview Argument 1 Argument 2 Argument 3 Opposing Viewpoint YOU WILL RE-READ ARTICLES AND TAKE NOTES

EVERY NIGHT.

Note-Taking StepsNote-Taking Steps

Copy and paste the articles exact text. You can do this by highlighting the article with the highlighting tool.

You then must decide whether this information should be directly quoted or paraphrased.

In the note section under the highlighted text, write direct quote or paraphrase.

WHEN TO WHEN TO DIRECTLY QUOTE:DIRECTLY QUOTE:

Directly quote only when:– the language of the passage is

particularly elegant, powerful, or memorable.

– you wish to confirm the credibility of your argument by enlisting the support of the authority on your topic.

– the passage is worthy of further analysis.

How to How to QUOTE:QUOTE: Include where the quotes come from in your

notes and in your final paper. Use the following verbs to introduce quotes argues, maintains, states, writes, suggests,

claims, points out, insists, demonstrates, concludes, says, observes, comments, counters, explains, notes, implies, reveals

EXAMPLE: As Covery explains, “People with the Win mentality don’t necessarily want someone else to lose” (3).

How to QUOTEHow to QUOTE The following verbs and sentence patterns can be used

according to the needs of your paper. Remember that paraphrases should also be introduced and must be attributed.

1. In a recent article, (your author) comments that . . . . 3 2. (Your author) believes that “. . . .” 3. Similarly, (your author) proposes that the problem

becomes “. . .” 4. (Your author) stipulates that “. . . .” 5. (Your author) makes this conclusion, “. . . .” 6. (Your author) reports that “. . . .” 7. “. . . . ,” suggests one author. 8. (Your author) concludes that . . . . (paraphrase)

9. . . . , according to (your author) , . . . . (paraphrase) 10. (Your author) verifies this theory by stating . . . .

(paraphrase) 11. This idea is accepted by (your author) . . . . (paraphrase) 12. (Your author) adds that . . . .(paraphrase) Other verbs that are equally good are listed here: admit mention show affirm observe submit argue propose summarize believe rely think confirm reveal theorize contend see declare say demand state

Quoted MaterialQuoted Material For publications with no author given, you should include the

first 2-3 key words from the title and the page number in parentheses.EXAMPLE: "Fathers today no longer know who they are or what their wives and children expect from them" ("Fathers Confused" 5), and this increases the likelihood they will abandon their families.

If possible, you should quote or paraphrase material from the original source, but if you do use material that is within someone else's work, include the abbreviation qtd. in ("quoted in") and then refer to the source where you got the information. Use qtd. in even if it's a paraphrase and not a quote.Dr. Ann Rudolph contends that fathers who bond with their infant children are more likely to maintain lifelong contact (qtd. in Parke 112).

WHEN TO PARAPHRASEWHEN TO PARAPHRASE

A paraphrase (or indirect quotation, as it is also called) restates another person’s ideas in your own words. Unlike a summary, it is used with short passages – usually a sentence or two – and it does not condense or shorten the original.

ParaphrasingParaphrasing

Paraphrases must be accurate, undistorted, and completely rewritten into you own wording and sentence structure.

The most blatant form of PLAGIARISM is following too closely the wording of another writer while giving the impression that the wording is your own.

HOW TO PARAPHRASEHOW TO PARAPHRASE

1. Rearrange the order of the information in the original.

2. Have a thesaurus or dictionary handy and look up synonyms for key words.

3. Rephrase complex material into easy-to-understand sentences.

4. If you retain unusual terminology or phrases from the original, enclose them in quotation marks.

Paraphrase ExampleParaphrase Example

The original passage: Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking

notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes. Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47.

A legitimate paraphrase: In research papers students often quote excessively,

failing to keep quoted material down to a desirable level. Since the problem usually originates during note taking, it is essential to minimize the material recorded verbatim (Lester 46-47).

Paraphrasing in DiigoParaphrasing in Diigo

Paraphrasing in DiigoParaphrasing in Diigo

DOCUMENTING PARAPHRASES & DOCUMENTING PARAPHRASES & USING LEAD-INSUSING LEAD-INS

Documenting Paraphrases and Using Lead-Ins (signal phrases) You must acknowledge the source of all ideas that are not your

own. Documentation can be placed (1) entirely in the narrative of the

text, (2) partly in the text and partly in parentheses, or (3) entirely in parentheses.

Whenever you place information about the source in the narrative of your paper, you are creating a lead-in or signal or tag phrase. The first time you cite a source, it is preferable to give both first and last name and some information about the author. A lead-in or signal phrase can be placed at the beginning, as in the following paraphrase (lead-in is underlined):

James Prochaska, a professor at Harvard’s medical school, stated that more than 300,000 Americans die annually as a direct result of tobacco smoking (31).

When to SUMMARIZEWhen to SUMMARIZE::

The ability to summarize – to restate concisely the main facts or ideas of a longer work.

A GOOD SUMMARY MUST:1. accurately reflects the meaning and intention of the

original without distorting or slanting the information. 2. be completely reworded to reflect your own vocabulary

and writing style.

Summary ExampleSummary Example

The original passage: Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking

notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes. Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47

An acceptable summary: Students should take just a few notes in direct quotation

from sources to help minimize the amount of quoted material in a research paper (Lester 46-47).

PLAGIARISMPLAGIARISM

A plagiarized version: Students often use too many direct quotations

when they take notes, resulting in too many of them in the final research paper. In fact, probably only about 10% of the final copy should consist of directly quoted material. So it is important to limit the amount of source material copied while taking notes.

Brought to you by the Purdue University Online Writing Lab

OVERVIEWOVERVIEW

Things you DO need to document: An original idea derived from a source,

whether quoted or parahrased Your summary of ideas from a source Factual information that is not

considered common knowledge Exact wording copied from a source

(quotation)

Organize Your ResearchOrganize Your Research

Construct an Mini-Outline I. Introduction of issue researched. The final sentence

will be the thesis statement. II. Brief and fair summary of opposing argument.

Research needed. III. Concession of at least one point the opposing side

makes. IV. Argument #1 V. Argument #2 VI. Argument #3 VII. Conclusion

DraftingDrafting Follow your outline. Begin to incorporate research material

into each paragraph. Cite your source for each quote,

paraphrase, and summary. Check with your instructor about which

documentation and format style to use. Be sure to include your opinion and

comments on the research. Write your conclusion based on your

answer to your research question (your thesis).

Preparing the Final Version of Your Preparing the Final Version of Your Research PaperResearch Paper

Revise draft. Check cited sources for accuracy and

MLA Style. Proof read your work – don’t forget the

Spell and Grammar check in Microsoft Word.

Add works cited page.