How to cope with sprawl ?. Mending the urban fabric Paris Barcelona.
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Transcript of How to cope with sprawl ?. Mending the urban fabric Paris Barcelona.
How to cope How to cope with with
sprawl ?sprawl ?
How to cope How to cope with with
sprawl ?sprawl ?
Alternatives of development patternsAlternatives of development patternsGrowth Growth managementmanagement
Residential Residential patternpattern
TransportatiTransportation on
Dominant vision: Dominant vision: Unlimited Unlimited low-density low-density growthgrowth
Market allocate housing Market allocate housing & jobs in accord with & jobs in accord with local zoning & building local zoning & building codescodes
Owner-occupied, Owner-occupied, single-family detached single-family detached homeshomes
Private automobilesPrivate automobiles
Alternative-1: Alternative-1: Limited-spread, Limited-spread, mixed-density mixed-density growthgrowth
Semi-permeable urban Semi-permeable urban growth boundarygrowth boundary
Clusters of high-density Clusters of high-density housing amid larger housing amid larger areas of low-density areas of low-density housinghousing
Transit use Transit use encouragedencouraged
Alternative-2: Alternative-2: New New communities & communities & greenbeltsgreenbelts
Growth boundaries for Growth boundaries for designated corridors, designated corridors, new towns, & metro areanew towns, & metro area
Similar to no.1 but with Similar to no.1 but with housing outside urban housing outside urban boundary clustered in boundary clustered in relatively high-density relatively high-density new communitiesnew communities
Emphasis on mass Emphasis on mass transittransit
Alternative-3: Alternative-3: Bounded high-Bounded high-density growthdensity growth
Strongly enforced growth Strongly enforced growth boundary & job location boundary & job location planning with housing & planning with housing & transit subsidizestransit subsidizes
Almost all growth Almost all growth occurs as densification occurs as densification of urban coreof urban core
Heavy reliance on Heavy reliance on mass transitmass transit
Alternative-1Alternative-1
limitation of limitation of growth growth
boundaryboundary
mixed-density mixed-density growthgrowth
Limited-spread, mixed-density growthLimited-spread, mixed-density growth
Alternative-2Alternative-2
new town /new town /new new communitiescommunities
greenbeltgreenbelt
growth growth corridorcorridor
New communities & greenbeltsNew communities & greenbelts
Alternative-3Alternative-3
strong strong enforcement of enforcement of growth boundarygrowth boundary
densification of densification of urban coreurban core high density high density growthgrowth
Bounded high-density growthBounded high-density growth
““Being anti-sprawl Being anti-sprawl is not being anti-is not being anti-
growth” growth” (Richard Moe)(Richard Moe)
Growth:Growth: • Increasing number of inhabitantsIncreasing number of inhabitants• Increase of volume of activities, Increase of volume of activities, especially economic activitiesespecially economic activities
Growth Growth && Change Change
Change:Change: • Shift of way and pattern of Shift of way and pattern of activitiesactivities• Need of new facilities to Need of new facilities to accommodate accommodate new ways and patterns of new ways and patterns of activitiesactivities
NEW TOWNNEW TOWN
RECLAMATIONRECLAMATION
EXPANSIONEXPANSION
RENEWALRENEWAL
INFILLINFILL
REVITALIZATIONREVITALIZATION
NEW DEVELOPMENTNEW DEVELOPMENT REDEVELOPMENTREDEVELOPMENT
URBAN DEVELOPMENTURBAN DEVELOPMENT
GROWTHGROWTH CHANGECHANGE - TOWN / CITY- TOWN / CITY- DISTRICT- DISTRICT- NEIGHBORHOOD- NEIGHBORHOOD- PRECINCT- PRECINCT
SUSTAINABLE & LIVABLE SPACESSUSTAINABLE & LIVABLE SPACES
City within City - RENEWALCity within City - RENEWAL
LotLot → → BlockBlock →→ SuperblockSuperblockBuildingsBuildings
City within City - RENEWALCity within City - RENEWAL
Single UseSingle Use →→ Multi UseMulti UseLand UseLand Use
CITYCITY
MIXED-USEMIXED-USE TYPE OF MIXTURETYPE OF MIXTURE
RESIDENTIALRESIDENTIALOFFICESOFFICES
SHOPPINGSHOPPING
RESIDENTIALRESIDENTIAL
OFFICESOFFICES
SHOPPINGSHOPPING
PUBLIC FACILITIESPUBLIC FACILITIES
OPEN SPACEOPEN SPACE
VERTICALVERTICAL
HORIZONTALHORIZONTAL
MIXED-USEMIXED-USE LEVEL OF LAND COVERAGELEVEL OF LAND COVERAGE
BUILDINGBUILDING LOTLOT(KAVELING)(KAVELING)
BLOCKBLOCK SUPERBLOCKSUPERBLOCK
Rockefeller Center, New York, 1932
Business, shopping, dining, arts21 buildings on 6 hectares of landHighest building: 70 stories (255 m)
Architects:Reinhard & Hofmeister; Corbett, Harrison & MacMurray;Hood & Fouilhoux