How to be, become, stay successful in this class (i.e. get a good grade!!) Attend every class...
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Transcript of How to be, become, stay successful in this class (i.e. get a good grade!!) Attend every class...
How to be, become, stay successful in this class (i.e. get a good grade!!)
• Attend every class (including lab lecture!)• Preview/review and study lectures. Do Practice
questions and problems on sample exams• See your teacher when problems come up• Study well for quizzes/exams, and start studying
early
For a Midterm grade see your lab instructor
Questions, Problems
re. Unknown 1?
Today:
Unknown 1 (conclusion)
Unknown 2
Alcohol and Phenol Derivatives
• with 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride
• urethanes
→Take Home Miniquiz (2 pts.): Write a mechanism for the formation of the phenylurethane of 1-butanol
Due by next lab lecture (late ones not accepted…)
• Preliminary tests
• Solubility
• Classification tests
• Derivatives
• Spectra
Similarly: naphthyl urethanes
Alcohols
IR:
H-NMR:
Exchange with D2O
• Preliminary tests
• Solubility
• Classification tests
• Derivatives
• Spectra
OH in gas phase ….??
H-bonded!
Phenols
H-NMR
IR
Unknown 2
• Carboxylic Acids• Anhydrides
• Esters• Amides
• Amines• Nitro
Functional groups of the above?
What type of information do you get if your unknown
1. is soluble in water?
2. is soluble in NaOH and in NaHCO3?
3. is soluble in NaOH only, not in NaHCO3?
4. is soluble in dilute HCl solution?
5. is soluble only in conc H2SO4?
6. is not soluble in any of the above solvents?
Solubility Tests
Carboxylic Acids Anhydrides Esters Amides Amines Nitro
• Preliminary tests
• Solubility?
• Classification tests
• Derivatives
• Spectra
Preliminary test results?
Mp., bp.,
odor,
color…
• Preliminary tests?
• Solubility
• Classification tests
• Derivatives
• Spectra
Carboxylic Acids Anhydrides Esters Amides Amines Nitro
Carboxylic AcidsGood mp.s (consider recrystallization)
Neutralization Equivalent (titration) experimental instructions on our webpage
• Solubility
• Classification tests
• Derivatives (not done)
• Spectra
Derivatives (we do not do them in the lab):
Convert carboxylic acid into acid chloride first, then into amides
RCO2H + NaOH RCO2(–) Na(+)
aq. + H2O
1.
2.
+ HCl
Esters
Classification Test
Deep-red to purple
• Preliminary tests?
• Solubility
• Classification tests
• Derivatives
• Spectra
Compare with known ester!
a hydroxamic acid
Derivatives for Esters
Hydrolyze (experimental instructions on our webpage)
… to its carboxylic acid component (mp.)
…. and its alcohol component alcohol derivative
• Preliminary tests?
• Solubility
• Classification tests
• Derivatives
• Spectra
Amines
Derivatives
Picrates
Benzamides: amine + benzoyl chloride
NH 2
OH
NO 2
NO 2
O 2 N
+
• Preliminary tests?
• Solubility
• Classification tests
• Derivatives
• Spectra
Carboxylic Acids
IR:
H-NMR:
• Preliminary tests?
• Solubility
• Classification tests
• Derivatives
• Spectra
OH in gas phase(non-H-bonded)
Amines
IR:
H-NMR:
Voodoo Lily
Amides
H-NMR:
• Preliminary tests?
• Solubility
• Classification tests
• Derivatives
• SpectraIR?
Nitro Compounds Typical properties?
Classification test:
Always do with a known compound to compare!
Derivatives:
Reduce to amine and then prepare amine derivatives
• Preliminary tests?
• Solubility
• Classification tests
• Derivatives
• Spectra
Iron (II) Hydroxide Test for Nitro GroupsNitro Compounds
• IR(your take home miniquiz is due…)
• Inert Compounds:
AlkanesAromatic Hydrocarbons
Alkyl halides
Next time (11/4):