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How to AddHow to Add Positive PsychologyPositive Psychology to Your Practice

September 19, 2013 Webinar: Pearson Assessments

Michael B. FrischProfessor of Psychology at Baylor University

Email: frisch@baylor.edu

Websites:

http://bearspace.baylor.edu/Michael_B_Frisch/www/www.wiley.com/go/frisch

http://www.youtube.com/user/BaylorAcademics

Research Fellow of the International Society for Quality of Life

Founding Fellow in the Academy of Cognitive Psychotherapy,

Aaron T. Beck, Honorary President

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How to Add Positive Psychology to How to Add Positive Psychology to Your PracticeYour Practice

• Give a Well-Being Test• Develop Positive Goals • Apply EBT Interventions

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Plan for TodayPlan for Today

• Go through these steps in an actual case

• Take your cases and questions• Quick intro to field of pp/well-being

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MBF177

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DefinitionsDefinitions•• Scientific study and promotion of: Scientific study and promotion of:

• Happiness, meaning• Positive goals and strengths• Satisfaction with Life a la QOLI• “Subjective Well-being”…

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WhatWhat’’s Wrong with Health Care Today? s Wrong with Health Care Today?

• “Therapists and psychologists have exhibited a depressive thinking style in their theories, research and treatment of psychological disorders.

• “We have tended to focus exclusively on the negative as in symptoms or what’s wrong with people…

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FocusFocus

Moaner Lisa Happy Lisa

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Aaron T. Beck and David A. ClarkAaron T. Beck and David A. Clark

• “Our preoccupation has been the relief of suffering, the alleviation of negative emotions…it is clearly not the whole story.

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WhatWhat’’s Wrong with Health Care Today?s Wrong with Health Care Today?

* “Treating negative mood will not automatically lead to happiness in our patients.

* “A new and expanded therapeutic perspective is needed that directly addresses issues of happiness, meaning, and contentment.

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Aaron T. Beck and David A. ClarkAaron T. Beck and David A. Clark

• “At last psychologists like Ed Diener, Martin Seligman and Michael Frisch have begun to redress this imbalance.”

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1. 1. Beef Up Your Beef Up Your AssessmentsAssessments

Two goals in Healthcare today:1. Cure /manage disease, disability, disorder2. Preserve or enhance clients’ quality of life, well-

being, and happiness.• Assess positive, not just negative mental health…

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2. Boost Your Clinical Effectiveness2. Boost Your Clinical Effectiveness

Therapy + Positive Psychology = orMedication + Positive Psychology =

1. Greater Effectiveness2. Relapse Prevention

• Positive Psychology “Therapy”

MBF180

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3. COACHING: A Whole New Area 3. COACHING: A Whole New Area of Practice and Source of Income. of Practice and Source of Income.

• Aka Executive-, Professional-, Organizational Coaching

• Personal- and Life-Coaching• Boost the Bottom Line• Work with high achievers to be happier

and more productive

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Your Future inYour Future inPositive Psychology CoachingPositive Psychology Coaching

1. R. Biswas-Diener & Ben Dean (2007) Frisch’s QOLTC:

– “exciting”– “evidence based”– ”empirically validated”

2. APA’s Division 13 - Society of Consulting Psychology

3. International Coach Federation4. ippanetwork.org

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EvidenceEvidence--Based Positive Psychology. Based Positive Psychology.

Assessment: QOLI or Quality of Life InventoryIntervention: Quality of Life Therapy or Quality of Life

Therapy and Coaching/QOLTC

Independent Evaluations• Marty Seligman’s Flourish, pp. 292 & MAPP• Rashid & Seligman 2014• Textbooks: Carr; Compton & Hoffman• Ed Diener 2013• Alan Kazdin• Robert Biswas-Diener• See Frisch (in press) for details

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Quality of Life Therapy and Coaching (QOLTC) …Unique: Two NIH Trials by James R. Rodrigue of

Harvard and Beth Israel“Superior” to comparison treatments/interventionsQOLI is sensitive to intervention-related change

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Rodrigue and others 2005Rodrigue and others 2006Rodrigue and others 2011Abedi and Vostanis 2010

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RCT ResultsRCT ResultsRodrigue et al.• 2005—await lung transplant: QOLTC >usual, Supportive Tx at:

– one and three months in qol– Move from low to average range on QOLI– three months in mood disturbance– one month in social intimacy with caregiver/spouse

• 2006 article— Social contagion to caregivers:--caregivers get similar effects as patients in Rodrigue et al. 2005 without being in treatment!

2011—replication with kidney transplant patients

Abedi & Vostanis: Beleaguered Parents of OCD Kids Study• 2010--parents of children with OCD• contagion effect like Rodrigue et al. 2006 where parents improved qol

relative to controls is mirrored in children who did not get the QOLTC training.

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Results of RCT:Results of RCT:From page 2430 of Rodrigue et al. 2005:• “Several primary findings emerged from this study: •

1. “A brief, targeted psychological intervention, that is, Quality of Life Therapy, leads to significant improvements in quality of life, mood disturbance, and social intimacy

2.” Improvements in quality of life and mood appear to be maintained for as long as 3 months after treatment.

3. “While the treatment-as-usual protocol appears to yield some short-term benefits in mood, Quality of Life Therapy was found to be a more effective treatment overall for transplant patients.”

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Contagious to CaregiversContagious to Caregivers• “Caregivers whose spouses received QOLT reported

vicarious gains in quality of life, mood, and social intimacy, relative to those who received the usual or standard intervention involving emotional and educational support.

• “These findings suggest that beneficial effects extend beyond the client to their spouses who are often caregivers.

• Rodrigue et al. (2006). Caregivers of patients awaiting lung transplantation: Do they benefit when the patient is receiving psychological services?Progress in Transplantation, 16, 336-342, pp. 336.

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Replication of Rodrigue et al., 2005: Replication of Rodrigue et al., 2005: Rodrigue et al. 2011Rodrigue et al. 2011, pp. 709, pp. 709

“The findings show that it is possible to improve – quality of life, – psychological functioning, and – social intimacy

• with Quality of Life Therapy while patients wait for [KIDNEY] transplantation.

• “The current study found that the Quality of Life Therapy group had superior quality of life outcomes relative to both Supportive Therapy and Standard Care groups.”

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1. Give Rationale (and Build Motivation)2. Positive Psychology Assessment.3. Positive Psychology Interventions4. Re-Assessment, Fine Tuning, Outcome,

Prophylactic Follow-ups.

QOLTC Four STEPQOLTC Four STEP

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The Trinity of Happiness Benefits The Trinity of Happiness Benefits

1. H-Better HEALTH and greater longevity

2. R-More rewarding RELATIONSHIPS

3. S-Greater SUCCESS in Work, School, Retirement, Volunteer Work.

– Use to sell Positive Psychology Interventions-Assessments to your clients and groups.

– Benefits are At Risk with low QOLI scores

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Longevity: Longevity: The Nun StudyThe Nun Study

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Worker Satisfaction & Firm ValueWorker Satisfaction & Firm ValueAlex Alex EdmansEdmans (Wharton)(Wharton)

Companies with satisfied workers in ensuing years, have higher share prices, controlling for other starting factors.

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Businesses with Businesses with Happy WorkersHappy Workers

• Lower healthcare costs• Greater customer loyalty• Lower employee turnover• Greater productivity and creativity

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Ill-being vs. Well-being:

We’re missing half the picture!

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CaseCase• Suicide in Texas is Redundant • or SITIR

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To make progress, we

have tomeasure it.

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©© 2014, biweekly 2014, biweekly ““PROGRESS REPORTPROGRESS REPORT””--Pearson Assessments, All Rights Reserved.Pearson Assessments, All Rights Reserved.

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Sweet 16 Recipe for JoySweet 16 Recipe for Joy

BASIC NEEDS or “WEALTHS”

• Goals-and-Values• Self-Esteem• Health• Money

RELATIONSHIPS• Love• Friends• Relatives• Children

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ACTIVITIES:ACTIVITIES:OCCUPATIONSOCCUPATIONS--AVOCATIONSAVOCATIONS

• Play • Work

– Traditional Job– Homemaker– Retirement Pursuits– Volunteer, etc.

• Helping• Learning• Creativity

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SURROUNDINGSSURROUNDINGS

• Home• Neighborhood• Community

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-Success Path-Journaling, Thought record“My Self-esteem is up. I LIKE ME! I am a

pretty good Mother. I stood by Annie. I took the blow for Annie, I’m a strong woman, who protected her kid like a cop taking a bullet for the president!

Now I know that I can get KNOCKED DOWN by a truck, and survive; that is pretty amazing!

I am a strong woman in the face of adversity.

Premorbid low from hypercritical mom

-” I’m a loser who failed to protect my daughter. I don’t deserve PT, therapy, or a lawyer”.

Self-Esteem

Vision Quest Exercise-Life goals for valued areas of the QOLI-- Spiritual Life improved with Dzogchen

Master from Austin and Austin Zen Center

-” I forgive Morticia, my perp; she is dumb not malevolent” (Take A Letter)

“I must put aside all my personal goals while I raise my family.”

GoalsAndValues

POST- INTERVENTIONPRE-INTERVENTION

Pre and Post QOLI Comments and Interventions

Areas of Life

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Helping Routine“I know that I am here to teach others . This

accident presented itself to me for my use. I’m here to serve others…I see much work to be done. I am not sure where to begin! Schools, sidewalks, crossing guards, city park, recycling, bike paths.

-“In ten years, the agony surrounding this injustice will have subsided. Hopefully WEcan look back and see that many measures were undertaken to better protect the thousands of children who walk to and from school every day.

-SAFETY ADVOCATE w/ husband. - cross walks at “scene of the crime”

Makes friends while volunteering at café run with homeless.

- See “Work” for mentoring project.

“ I wish I had something here.”

Helping

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Job Enrichment to make work a “Passionate Calling”

-“Work That Satisfies”

-Relationship Skills

“ I’ve been promoted out of what I love [high flows]. Too much supervising others!”

“ I’m the token woman on the grievance committee.”

“I’d like to mentor girls in science and engineering.”

Work

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Pottery class at comm. college.-lunch with instructor

“None”Creativity

Playlist and Routine-Go to Baylor’s public lectures. EX. Titian, Women’s studies, Marley and me,

Edvard Munch.-Learn re: advocacy causes

“Nada. None. My brain is mush”.

LearningPlay

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“Skypes” weekly with Vermont sisters

Only call sisters at holidays.

Relatives

Relationship skills-EXPERT friends or transplanted

Yankees doing well in “Bubba-land”

-YMCA, homeless café, pottery class

--Native Texans like “Mother Teresa”

-- ”shooting the crap outta stuff”at Guns R’ Us

“I have no friends in Texas and have been here eight years.”

Friends

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Love Love in Country Songsin Country Songs

• Beauty's in the Eye of the Beerholder• My Wife Ran Off With My Best Friend,

and I Miss Him.• You're the Reason Our Kids Are So Ugly

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Fooled on initial QOLI…Mating in Captivity

-Take a Letter-QOLI Exchange TechniqueTexas: 2 years to 10“You are uncommitted, out of

love…You don’t care that I was run over!

Joe’s Perfect Job: “You are my everything…The multicultural wake, -job hunt outside TX-advocate together!-couples friends & guns-FAT Time, Favor Bank, McDates,

Five Paths to Happiness

Progress or Fine-Tuning QOLI: “Joe ,the Plumber,

betrayed me.”

Love

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LOVE IT, LEAVE IT OR FIX IT-learn to ferret out and appreciate the good

parts…

“Too redneck, conservative, dumb cowboys with no brains, hopeless dummy rednecks w/ no culture or brains or liberal values.”

Community

LOVE IT, LEAVE IT OR FIX IT“Too conservative.”Neighbor-hood

LOVE IT, LEAVE IT OR FIX ITCluttered and messy with family, animals, 15 yrs collecting furniture

Home

SURROUN-DINGS:

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Walking the mall, brings me to people and is the best “antidepressant” I got!

Quit beating my head against the wall. I can’t change Stan (husband). Stop trying and “do your own thing”more.

Try for a Good Not Great job at work this week and see if “the sky falls.”

Just ’cause Stan (husband) wantsto sit around and “watch” the grass grow, doesn’t mean I can’t travel to see the kids and grandkids.

I need to decide whether to make peace with Ashley or keep “blowing” her off.50 WAYS…Job song…

Increase satisfaction in any areas you care about for an overall boost to happiness.

Re-evaluate priorities in life and emphasize what is most important and controllable.

Set realistic goals and experiment with raising and lowering standards. What new goals and stan-dards can you come up with?

Find out what is really happening and what it means for you and your future.

Problem Solve to improve situation.

Basic Strategy:Basic Strategy:Basic Strategy:Basic Strategy:Basic Strategy:

Boost Satisfaction in Other Areas not Considered Before

Changing Priorities or What’s Important

Changing Goals and Standards

ChangingAttitudes

Changing Circumstances

OISAC

Five Paths to HappinessInstructions: Brainstorm possible solutions under each CASIO strategy for managing or solving a problem or for boosting your fulfillment and satisfaction in a valued area of life.

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Cliff Dancing (At Risk)Cliff Dancing (At Risk)PrePre--Intervention Intervention ©© 2013, Pearson Assessments, All Rights Reserved.2013, Pearson Assessments, All Rights Reserved.

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Cliff Dancing Cliff Dancing PostPost--InterventionIntervention

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Cliff Dancing Takes the QOLI, Part I:Cliff Dancing Takes the QOLI, Part I:When Assessment is Treatment or Causes An EpiphanyWhen Assessment is Treatment or Causes An Epiphany

“After taking the QOLI for the first time I began to think about what I considered to be really important in my life. It is important for me to begin thinking this way considering that I am not far from the end of my life. Knowing what I consider to be most important will help me lead the life I really want. I believe that if I can figure out what is most important I can focus on that more. That’s how I can account for such different scores the second time around. I think that in my case taking the QOLI helped me to get into the mindset needed in order to make important decisions about how I would like to live my life”.

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Cliff Dancing Takes the QOLI, Part II:Cliff Dancing Takes the QOLI, Part II:Put it in Writing!Put it in Writing!

• The QOLI forced me to look at each area of my life, evaluate my weaknesses in it, and devise a plan to strengthen those areas. I have never physically written down problems or goals for different aspects of my life. I found that the written word holds me more accountable than do my thoughts. Although I did not stay true to some of my goals, the quality of my life in other areas where I did pursue my goals increased.

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Key Intervention:Key Intervention:Add Goals to YOUR QOLI.Add Goals to YOUR QOLI.

……goals that pull you forwardgoals that pull you forward

• High, challenging, and specific• Intrinsic or from the heart• Measureable, written, “on the 7 o’clock

news!”• Supported by friends…Pursued with

friends?!• Take out a contract (5 W’s, W W W W H)

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clinical psychology and clinical psychology and mental health applicationsmental health applications

Couples Therapy--QOLI Exchange TechniqueMDDGADSocial phobiaPanicGroup therapyCaregiversChemical dependency

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medical/behavioral medicine medical/behavioral medicine applicationsapplications

Cardiac rehab COPDKidney DiseaseCancerTBICaregiversOccupational therapyBariatric surgery

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Talents and Traits

Big and little things that I am good at

and that people like about me.

Accomplishments

Big and little things I got done todayor accomplished in the past.

Blessings

Count your blessings—the big and little things I’m grateful for

-8-in-1Powerhouse-start up menu-daily and cumulative

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What you need to get startedWhat you need to get started

• QOLI materials– “QOLI STARTER KIT”– QOLI Handbook

• Quality of Life Therapy (Frisch 2006)http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0471213519/qid=1116019877/sr=1-

1/ref=sr_1_1/103-4814745-3565452?v=glance&s=books

Toolbox CD now online at wiley.com

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To Order QOLI To Order QOLI • Pearson Assessments

– 800-627-7271 (7 AM – 6 PM Central Time– www.psychcorp.com

• Use 10% Discount Code until 10/31/13: “ I3E” [cap letters, case sensitive]

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““You owe it to all of us to get on You owe it to all of us to get on

with what you are good at!with what you are good at!““

----W.H. AudenW.H. Auden

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Thank You!!

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Case Conference: Your Questions, Cases, IA, EBTs from each Sweet 16

http://www.youtube.com/user/BaylorAcademics

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References w/ underlined References w/ underlined RCTsRCTsAbedi, M.R. and Vostanis, P. (2010). Evaluation of Quality of Life Therapy for parents of children with

obsessive-compulsive disorders in Iran. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. doi: 10.1007/s00787-010-0098-4 .

Ben-Porath, Y.S. (1997). Use of personality assessment instruments in empirically guided treatment planning. Psychological Assessment, 9, 361-367.

Biswas-Diener, R. and Dean, B. (2007) Positive Psychology Coaching. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons.

Biswas-Diener, R. (2010) Practicing Positive Psychology Coaching. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons.

Clark, D.A. Foreword. (2006). In M.B. Frisch, Quality of Life Therapy: Applying a Life Satisfaction Approach to Positive Psychology and Cognitive Therapy (pp. xi-x). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.

Clark, D. A., & Beck, A. T. (with Alford, B.) (1999). Scientific foundations of cognitive theory and therapy of depression. New York: Wiley.

Clark, M.P. & Mason, T.W. (2001). Implementation of a comprehensive system of program evaluation: The Iowa State University experience. Journal of College Student Development, 42, 28-35.

Crowley, M.J. & Kazdin, A.E. (1998). Evaluation in clinical practice: Critically sensitive and systematic methods of treatment delivery. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 7, 233-251.

Danovitch, I. and Endicott, J. (2008). Quality of life measures. In A. J. Rush & H. A. Pincus (Eds.), Handbook of psychiatric measures (2nd Edition). (pp. 125-140). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

Diener, E. Ng, W., Harter, J. & Arora (in press). Wealth and happiness across the world: Material prosperity predicts life evaluation, while psychosocial prosperity predicts positive feeling., Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

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ReferencesReferencesEng, W., Coles, M. C., Heimberg, R. G., & Safren, S. A. (2001a). Quality of life following cognitive

behavioral treatment for social anxiety disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 13, 192–193.Eng, W., Heimberg, R. G., Hart, T. A., Schneider, F. R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2001b). Attachment in

individuals with social anxiety disorder: The relationship among adult attachment styles, social anxiety, and depression. Emotion, 1,365–380.

Frisch, M.B. (in press). Evidence-Based Well-Being/Positive Psychology Assessment and Intervention with Quality of Life Therapy and Coaching and the Quality of Life Inventory (QOLI). Social

Indicators Research. doi: 10.1007/s11205-012-0140-7.

Frisch, M. B. (2009a). Quality of Life Inventory. In S.J. Lopez (Ed.). Encyclopedia Of Positive Psychology (pp. 822-824). New York: Wiley-Blackwell. New York: Wiley-Blackwell.

Frisch, M. B. (2009b). Quality of Life Therapy and Coaching (QOLTC). In S.J. Lopez (Ed.). Encyclopedia Of Positive Psychology (pp. 824-826). New York: Wiley-Blackwell. New York: Wiley-Blackwell.

Frisch, M.B. (2006). Quality of Life Therapy. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Frisch, M. B. (1998). Quality of life therapy and assessment in health care. Clinical Psychology:

Science and Practice, 5, 19–40.Frisch, M. B., & Sanford, K. P. (2005). Construct validity and the search for a unidimensional factor

solution: Factor analysis of the Quality of Life Inventory in a large clinical sample. Unpublished paper. Baylor University, Waco, TX.

Frisch, M. B., Clark, M. P., Rouse, S. V., Rudd, M. D., Paweleck, J., & Greenstone, A. (2005). Predictive and treatment validity of life satisfaction and the Quality of Life Inventory. Assessment, 12(1), 66-78.

Frisch, M. B., Cornell, J., Villanueva, M., & Retzlaff, P. J. (1992). Clinical validation of the Quality of Life Inventory: A measure of life satisfaction for use in treatment planning and outcome assessment. Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 4, 92–101. 6565

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ReferencesReferencesFrisch, M. B. (1992). Use of the Quality of Life Inventory in problem assessment and

treatment planning for cognitive therapy of depression. In A. Freeman & F. Dattilio (Eds.), Comprehensive casebook of cognitive therapy (pp. 27–52). New York: Plenum Press.

Frisch, M.B. (2009). QUALITY OF LIFE INVENTORY Handbook For Laypersons, Clients, And Coaches. Minneapolis, MN: Pearson, Inc.

Frisch, M.B. (1994). QUALITY OF LIFE INVENTORY Manual and Treatment Guide.Minneapolis, MN: Pearson, Inc.

Furey R. Beyond Feeling Better: Adding Happiness to the Treatment Plan. PsycCRITIQUES [serial online]. 2007;52(5).

Grant, G., Salcedo, V., Hynan, L. S., & Frisch, M. B. (1995). Effectiveness of quality of life therapy. Psychological Reports, 76, 1203–1208.

Greene-Shortridge, T.M. and Odle-Dusseau, H.N. (2009). Quality of life. In S.J. Lopez (Ed.). Encyclopedia Of Positive Psychology (pp. 817-821). New York: Wiley-Blackwell. New York: Wiley-Blackwell.

Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., & Hayes, T. L. (2002). Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 268-279.

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ReferencesReferencesHeimberg, R. G. (2002). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder: Current status and

future directions. Biological Psychiatry, 51, 1101–1108.Henning, E., Turk, C., Mennin, D., Fresco, D., & Heimberg, R. (2007). Impairment and quality of life in

individuals with generalized anxiety disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 24(5), 342-349.Judge, T., & Klinger, R. (2008). Job satisfaction: Subjective well-being at work. The science of

subjective well-being (pp. 393-413). New York, NY US: Guilford PressKazdin, A. E. (1993). Evaluation in clinical practice: Clinically sensitive and systematic methods of

treatment delivery. Behavior Therapy, 24, 11–45.Kazdin, A. E. (2003). Research design in clinical psychology (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.Koocher, G.P. & Keith-Spiegel, P. (2008). Ethics in Psychology: Professional standards and cases

(3rd Ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. Land, K. C. (2006). Quality of Life Therapy for All!: A review of Frisch’s approach to positive

psychology, Quality of Life Therapy. SINET (Social Indicators Network News), 85, 1-4.Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005). Happiness is a good thing: A model of the benefits of

chronic positive affect. Psychological Bulletin, 131(6), 803-855.Magyar-Moe, J.L. (2009). Therapist’s Guide to Positive Psychological Interventions. New York:

Academic Press.McAlinden, N., & Oei, T. (2006). Validation of the Quality of Life Inventory for patients with anxiety and

depression. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 47(4), 307-314.Mendlowicz, M.V. & Stein, M.B. (2000). Quality of life in individuals with anxiety disorders. American

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& Bacon.Parks-Shreiner, A. (2009). Applied positive psychology. In S.J. Lopez (Ed.). Encyclopedia Of

Positive Psychology (pp. 58-62). New York: Wiley-Blackwell. Persons, J. B., & Bertagnolli, A. (1999). Inter-rater reliability of cognitive-behavioral case formulations

of depression: A replication. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 23, 271–283.Peterson, C. (2006a). Back cover. In M.B. Frisch, Quality of Life Therapy: Applying a Life

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Peterson, C., & Rouse, S. (2006). Brief book, software, & test announcements. Journal of Personality Assessment, 87(3), 354-354.

Peterson, Christopher (2006b). A primer in positive psychology; New York, US: Oxford University Press.

Peterson, C., & Park, N. (in press). Positive psychology. In B. J. Sadock, V. A. Sadock, & P. Ruiz (Eds.), Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry (9th ed.). Baltimore: Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins.

Peterson, C., Park, N., & Brunwasser, S. M. (in press). Positive therapy. In N. Kazantzis, M. A. Reinecke, & A. Freeman (Eds.), Cognitive behavior therapy: Using theory and philosophy to strengthen science and practice. New York: Guilford.

Pope, K.S. & Vasquez, M.J.T. (2007). Ethics in Psychotherapy and Counseling: A Practical Guide. New York: Jossey-Bass.

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(Author), Danny Wedding. Current Psychotherapies (10th Ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1-285-08371-1.

Rodrigue, J. R., Baz, M.A., Widows, M.R. , & Ehlers, S.L. (2005). A Randomized Evaluation of Quality of Life Therapy with Patients Awaiting Lung Transplantation. American Journal of Transplantation, 5(10), 2425-2432.

Rodrigue, J.R., Widows, M.R., & Baz, M.A. (2006). Caregivers of patients awaiting lung transplantation: Do they benefit when the patient is receiving psychological services? Progress in Transplantation, 16, 336-342.

Rodrigue, J.R. Mandelbrot, D.A., and Pavlakis, M. (2011). A psychological intervention to improve quality of life and reduce psychological distress in adults awaiting kidney transplantation.

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 26(2): 709-715. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfq382.

Safren, S. A., Heimberg, R. G., Brown, E. J., & Holle, C. (1997). Quality of life in social phobia. Depression and Anxiety, 4, 126–133.

Scogin, F., Morthland, M., Kaufman, A., Burgio, L., Chaplin, W., & Kong, G. (2007, December). Improving quality of life in diverse rural older adults: A randomized trial of a psychological treatment. Psychology and Aging, 22(4), 657-665.

Salek, S. (Ed.). (1998). Compendium of quality of life instruments. New York: Wiley.Seligman, M.E.P. (2011). Flourish. New York: Free Press. See pp. 292 for Quality of Life Therapy

and Coaching as an evidence-based approach that “works”. Valois, R.F., Zullig, K.J., Huebner, E.S., Drane, J.W. (2001). Relationship between life satisfaction and

violent behaviors among adolescents. American Journal of Health Behavior, 25, 353-366.

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