How the implementation of

Lachmann’s Five Rules

restored

the Critical Text

“Bible – Origin & Transmission” #9 RadicalGrace.com

Nestle-Aland Critical Text United Bible Societies Critical Text

Nestle-Aland I John 3:19 UBS

Vaticanus Manuscript (“B”)

Frontispiece

of the

Textus Receptus

1516

Cover of

KJV

(King James

Version)

Karl Lachmann 1793 - 1851

Constantin

von Tischendorf

1815 - 1874

John Anthony Hort Brooke Foss Westcott 1828 - 1892 1825 - 1901

Richard

Francis

Weymouth

1822 - 1902

Eberhard

Nestle

1851 - 1913

Erwin Nestle

1883 - 1972

Kurt Aland 1915 - 2005

Institute for New Testament Textual Research

Eugene Nida 1914 - 2011

Bruce

Metzer

1914 - 2007

A warm friendship grew between Metzger and Matthew Black, the doyen of Scottish text-

critical scholars. The ­honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity from St. Andrews University was

bestowed on Metzger in 1964; and all Scots are moved by seeing that he is wearing his St.

Andrews tie in his portrait in Princeton Seminary’s Speer Library.

Bruce Metzger inspects the Vaticanus in the Vatican Library

Western MSS – typical conflations (Acts 2)

(Unidentified), Bruce Metzger, Kurt Aland, Allen Wikgren, Matthew Black

Munster, Germany -- Institute for NT Textual Research, c. 1960

UBS Greek New Testament Committee: (L-R) Klaus Junack (Aland`s assistant), Matthew Black, Bruce

Metzger, Allen Wikgren, Kurt Aland, and Carlo Maria Martini – Institute for NT Textual Research, c. 1980

Every word of God is tested and proven;

He is a shield to those who take

refuge in Him. Do not add to His words

or He will correct you,

and you will be proven a liar.

Proverbs 30: 5-6

Septuagint – JM Tatum