How subversive! And how it takes to subvert... Alma Swan SPARC Europe Key Perspectives Ltd Enabling...
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Transcript of How subversive! And how it takes to subvert... Alma Swan SPARC Europe Key Perspectives Ltd Enabling...
How subversive! And how it takes to subvert ...
Alma SwanSPARC Europe
Key Perspectives Ltd
Enabling Open Scholarship
IGeLU Conference, Oxford, 15-17 September 2014
Spirit or soul
The Subversive Proposal
• 27 June 1994• Recommended authors post their papers
on anonymous ftp sites• arXiv started in 1991 • And still flourishes ...
PROGRESS
What happened next
• World Wide Web
Levels of OA in the UK
Biomed
ical R
es.
Mat
hem
atics
Physic
s
Earth
& S
pace
Biolog
y
ALL D
ISCIP
LINES
Health
Psych
ology
Clinica
l Med
.
Social
Sci.
Engine
ering
& T
ech.
Profe
ssion
al Fiel
ds
Chem
istry
Arts
Human
ities
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80% Delay OA
Gold OA
Green OA
Why so low after 20 years?• Authors:
– Lack of awareness– Lack of understanding– Overdose of misunderstandings– Fear of repercussions– Reward systems in academia entrench
conservative behaviour– Glacial pace of academic adoption of the Web
Why so low after 20 years?
• Publishers (some of them!):– Hindrance– Obstruction– Obfuscation– FUD
Why so low after 20 years?• Libraries:
– Hooked into Big Deals– Budgets frozen – Policy made elsewhere– Varying levels of buy-in to the notion of Open
Access– Preoccupation with irrelevant issues
What have been the drivers?
• Advocacy, including gathering an evidence base of the benefits
• Infrastructure:– Technical (repository networks)– New publishing venues
• Policy
Advocacy• Benefits to authors:
– Visibility, usage, impact– Part of the new modus operandi for the digital scholar
• Benefits to institutions:– Mission– Visibility, usage, impact– Monitoring and assessment– Competitive intelligence– Outreach, ROI– Funding
• Benefits to funders:– Monitoring and assessment– Return on investment
Infrastructure
Infrastructure• Print > electronic• Hyperlinking• Linked open data(?)• Interoperability
– Work in progress– Deposit – ID– Licensing– Preservation– etc, etc
OA infrastructure for EU research
Authors
Institutional repositories
OpenAIRE
Readers
Google, etc
HARVEST
Open Access policies
• 222 institutional policies• 44 sub-institutional policies• 90 funder policies• Europe:
– H2020 Rules have a mandatory OA policy– Recommendation to Member States (2012)
• US: OSTP directive to federal agencies
Open Access policies
PROMISE
Areas of promise• Policy• Books (and the humanities in general)• Data• Institutional responsibility• Author interest and activity
Policy• Growing in number• Mandatory• Supported by good implementation • Convergence, alignment
Humanities• Huge increase in interest• Lots of new developments
– OA journals– OA monographs
Humanities• Huge increase in interest• Lots of new developments
– OA journals– OA monographs
• Funder and institutional initiatives– Institutional publishing (university presses)– Covering costs
• Technical initiatives– e.g hypothes.is
Open Data
• Massive interest• Funders developing policy to support Open
Data implementation• Lots of infrastructure already
Open Data
• Massive interest• Funders developing policy to support Open
Data implementation• Lots of infrastructure already • The basis of open scholarship in the future
POTHOLES
Recent survey of libraries
• Technical problems• Qualitative screening of OA publications• Indexing of OA publications• Management of Open Access costs• Long-term preservation of OA collections • Promotion of Open Access resources
Miriam Lorenz , IFLA WLIC, 2014 [libraries in Germany, UK, USA]
Issues and challenges• Humanities (some areas):
– esp. the future of university presses (and their relationship with libraries)
• Data: – Preservation and curation– Development of appropriate data management
practices• Licensing practices and copyright• Sustaining the new system• Institutional responsibility
Institutional responsibility I: Responsible licensing
• Do not sign agreements with publishers that limit OA or obstruct its aims:
• Govern Green OA: research results belong to the research community, not to service industries
• TDM
Institutional responsibility II: Paying for Open Access
• Manage your APC fund to benefit OA• Encourage author responsibility• Make sure you get value• Don’t let the Big Deal morph into the
Big OA Deal• Encourage attempts to deconstruct the
publishing process and pay for the component services
Institutional responsibility III: Sustaining the Open Access system• Service infrastructure • Many began as projects • Sustainability plans not always robust• May not be workable in the longer term• First steps being taken to address this issue• Libraries (and funders) have roles
“It is one of the noblest duties of a university to advance knowledge and to diffuse it, not merely among those who can attend the daily lectures, but far and wide.”
Daniel Coit Gilman First President, Johns Hopkins University
Thank you
www.spareurope.orgwww.openscholarship.org
www.pasteur4oa.eu