How Smart Are You?

Question #1

• You’re driving a bus that is leaving on a trip from Pennsylvania and ending in New York.

• To start off with, there were 32 passengers on the bus.

• At the next stop, 11 people get off and 9 people get on.

• At the next stop, 2 people get off and 2 people get on.

• At the next stop, 12 people get off and 16 people get on.

What color are the eyes of the bus driver?

• Blue?• Green?• Brown?• Hazel?• Grey?• Information not given.

A BRIEF HISTORY OF IQ TESTS

1904- Alfred Binet

Hired by school district to identify “slow learners”

Used age graded tasks to identify a child’s mental age

1911 Lewis Terman

Revised Binet’s test

IQ=Mental Age/Chronological Age X 100

See any probs with this model?Argued that intelligence was fixed, inherited, and measurable. “Eugenics Movement”, Immigration, Government Jobs

So…. I heard you took an IQ test? Wanna see how ya did?

Score your test.

How did if feel to take an IQ test?

Do you think your intelligence has been accurately measured by this test? Why or why not?

What test items seemed most valid as measures of intelligence, and what items seemed least valid?

Are there any ways in which this test might be improved?

What information would this test give to schools, employers, or leaders of government? How should one interpret the results of this test?

Test Construction

Standardization, Validity, & Reliability

68% of people score within 15 points above or below 100

About 96% of all people fall within 30 points of 100

What is Intelligence?

Mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience.

Factor Analysis Approach (Charles Spearman)

Describes the structure of intelligence by analyzing test scores.

g-factor- general mental ability

L. L. Thurstone rejected g-factor. Didn’t rank his subjects on a single scale of general aptitude. Argued that factor analysis revealed totally independent mental abilities. (math, verbal, perceptual)

Yo, g, what up?

Psychometric Approach

Extremes of Intelligence: Savant Syndrome

Low IQ score, but has an island of intelligence. 4 in 5 people with savant syndrome are males, and may also have autism, a developmental disorder

Categories of abilities:

Calendar Calculating, Musical Ability, Lightening Calculating Ability, Memory, Mechanical Achievement, Artistic Ability

Multiple Intelligences (Howard Gardner)

States that people have specific intellectual potentials, or “intelligences,” each involving a set of problem-solving skills.

I love words

Numbers are my friends

Dance is my life

Yeah, that’s rightI’m Jazzy.

I could Put “Makeover: Home Edition”

to shame.

Hmm… looks likeAnother case of

Oedipus Complex

I did my bestTo understand

And serve the world.

Question #2

• Ready for another intelligence test?• NO? Oh well…play along.• Take 1000 and add 40 to it.• Now add another 1000.• Now add 30.• Add another 1000.• Now add 20.• Now add another 1000.• Now add 10.

RAISE YOUR HAND IF YOU GOT 5000!!!!!!

SORRY, BUT THAT IS THE WRONG ANSWER!

ANYONE HAVE A DIFFERENT ANSWER?

4100Don’t believe me? Take out your calculators.

STERNBERG’S TRIARCHICAL THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE: There is more to success than traditional intelligence. Argues there are 3, not 8 kinds.

ANALYTIC CREATIVE

PRACTICAL

”Apply…”“Use…”“Utilize…”

"Create…”“Invent…”“Design…”

"Analyze…”“Compare…”

“Evaluate…”

Persistence

Self Confidence

Motivation

Interpersonal skills

Set priorities

Intuition

Creativity: Ability to produce new and effective solutions to challenges

Divergent Thinking

Creativity Requires Expertise

More Learned Than Inherited

IQ and Creativity are Only Mildly Correlated

Emotional Intelligence1990 - "emotional intelligence,“ Mayer & SalavoyWhat is it?Reading People (perceive emotions)access and generate emotions so as to assist thought to understand emotions and emotional knowledgeManage and regulate emotions to promote emotional and intellectual growth.

Problems?“Self Reports”Lacks empirical evidenceSome claim EI is a form of personality.

INSTRUCTIONS: Please select a response for each item.1. What mood(s) might be helpful to feel when creating new, exciting decorations for a birthday party?

  Not Useful       Useful

a. annoyance   1   2   3   4   5

b. boredom   1   2   3   4   5

c. joy   1   2   3   4   5

Criticicms?

Vocabulary Shout Out• 1. General problem-

solving techniques that are TYPICALLY accurate.

• Answer: Heuristics

• 2. Best example of a concept

• Answer: Prototype• 3. A systematic

guarantee to problem solving

• Answer: Algorithm

• 4. The function assigned to an object might remain fixed or stable.

• Answer: Functional Fixedness

• 5. Strategy used when people decide whether the sample they are judging matches the appropriate prototype

• Answer: Representative Heuristic

Vocabulary Shout Out

• 1. Using the same solution you’ve used in previous problems

• Mental Set

• 2. The way an issue is posed can affect decisions.

• Framing

• 3. People make an initial estimate and then make adjustments to that number based on additional information.

• Anchoring • 4. Established standards

of performance• Norms• 5. A statistical procedure

that identifies clusters of related items on a test.

• Factor Analysis

Intelligence • Created the first test• Binet/Terman revised• Defining meaningful scores

by comparison with the performance of a retested group.

• Standardization• The symmetrical bell-

shaped curve that describes distributions.

• Normal Distribution• The extent to which a test

samples the behavior that is of interest

• Content Validity

• Most popular Intelligence Test

• Weschler• A condition in which a

person otherwise limited in mental ability has an amazing specific skill

• Savant Syndrome• Theory that proposes 7

different intelligence• Gardner’s MI• Ability to perceive

emotion accurately, to understand it, and to express it.