How - Six Nations Of The Grand River · 2015. 3. 19. · Results It is important to note that these...
Transcript of How - Six Nations Of The Grand River · 2015. 3. 19. · Results It is important to note that these...
![Page 1: How - Six Nations Of The Grand River · 2015. 3. 19. · Results It is important to note that these numbers represent in‐stack values and do not represent concentrations in the](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052021/603650a494b94c371463d3ed/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
In 1986 Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada (AANDC), formerly Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC), authorized the Six Nations Elected Council to establish the existing landfill
In 2003 the Six Nations Elected Council became increasingly concerned about the capacity, environmental and health effects of the existing Landfill Site and established an Environment Committee which was tasked with developing a Community‐Based Solid Waste Management Plan. The landfill is now beyond capacity
The Environment Committee was able to collect the input of over 600 community members Of the 22 recommendations that came out of this report, one was “it is recommended that a small modular solid waste
incinerator be installed at the Landfill Site in the near future” Following the wishes of the community after this process, the Six Nations Elected Council established a Solid Waste Ad‐
hoc Committee (SWAC) to undertake a search of waste technology After looking at other technologies, Kearns International Ltd. was contacted in June of 2012 Kearns International Ltd. agreed to supply Six Nations with a demonstration unit that would meet or exceed the
requirements and obligations of any and all applicable laws or regulations A demonstration disintegrator unit was delivered and assembled on November 15, 2013. This demo unit operated
intermittently for a total of 28 days (at an average of 11 hours per day) until May 28, 2014
How did we get here?
Background on Kearns Disintegration Demo Unit: On November 15, 2013, the Kearns Disintegration Demonstration Unit was delivered and assembled in Ohsweken. Between November 15, 2013 and May 28, 2014, the Kearns Disintegration System ran intermittently for 28 days. Although the machine was in the community, it was not operational the entire time. Due to requests from some community members, the Kearns Disintegrator was shut down on May 28, 2014. The Six Nations Elected Council decided to conduct emissions tests on the machine and signed an agreement with Kearns International Ltd. to conduct testing on August 26, 2014. Six Nations retained RWDI Air Inc. (RWDI) to conduct emission sampling on the exhaust stack of the Disintegrator. Testing was completed over a three day period from November 4 – 6, 2014.
Testing Procedure: RWDI’s testing program used the same methods that are used on other municipal waste incinerators so it could be compared to regulatory limits from the Ontario Guideline A7 Air Pollution Control. The results were also compared to a recently issued Certificate of Approval for a new Energy from Waste facility operating in Ontario. Therefore, the strictest limits were applied to the Kearns Disintegration Unit.
Transfer Waste Off Territory
The waste will be processed in a provincially approved waste management site outside of the Territory
Capital Costs plus no operation and maintenance funding means that community members may have to pay
Create environmental problems in someone else’s back yard Create additional pollution to the environment by putting more large diesel trucks on the road
Outside companies may not take our waste if it is not sorted
Kearns Disintegrator or other Solid Waste Technology
Has demonstrated the ability to destroy waste and reduce the volume of waste substantially
Can be fixed with pollution controls and be up and running within a year
Could possibly turn waste into a resource by converting it into energy
May provide the opportunity to reclaim the old landfill site so the land may be used for other beneficial uses. Buried recyclables and valuable materials may be able to be processed through a recycling program
Ash could potentially be used as an aggregate for cement or asphalt which would result in a higher level of waste diversion
Can work well with an active recycling program
Choosing this waste alternative would provide a sustainable waste management solution which would be limited to a specific area as opposed to landfilling which would occupy large parcels of land throughout Six Nations or the Province of Ontario for generations
Capital costs No operation and maintenance funding Durability: Demonstration Unit has not run for 30 consecutive days
Some community members have objections to disintegration technology
The demonstration unit is not equipped with some of the pollution controls that would come on the full scale model, therefore it did not meet all of the environmental guidelines when RWDI conducted emissions sampling on the stack
If chosen, this technology requires continued testing, maintenance and occasional repairs, which means there will be annual costs associated with operation and maintenance
Dioxins and furans are produced in the combustion of wastes. For more information on dioxins and furans and how you can reduce exposure, please visit: http://www.hc‐sc.gc.ca/hl‐vs/iyh‐vsv/environ/dioxin‐eng.php
Increase Community Recycling
Reduces overall demand for energy Conserves valuable raw materials Will reduce waste quantities requiring solid waste disposal
Will extend the life of landfills and reduce pollution of the environment Recycling is a critical piece of any solid waste management strategy
Historically, there has been a low percentage of community members recycling or expressing interest in recycling when the option is provided to them free of charge
There are residual wastes that cannot be recycled, composted or reused and will need some form of solid waste disposal. Certain items can only be recycled a limited number of times before they cannot be recycled anymore
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Did anyone know that the machine was running without the pollution controls installed? A: The agreement with Kearns International was that the machine would meet or exceed the requirements and obligations of any and all applicable laws or regulations.
Q: How long was the machine running before it was tested? A: The machine ran intermittently for 28 days (avg 11 hrs/day) from November 15, 2013 to May 28, 2014.
Q: How much did the emissions test cost? A: Total cost of contracting RWDI for the emissions testing and dispersion modelling was $60,000.00.
Q: How much money did Council spend on the Kearns Disintegrator? A: The Six Nations Elected Council provided $805,000.00 to Kearns International which would go towards the purchase price if a new machine were to be installed inside of the Thermal Treatment Plant.
Q: Has the health of the community been put at risk? A: The dispersion modelling completed by RWDI Air Inc. shows that each contaminant falls within the Ontario Ministry Guidelines at the sensitive receptor locations.
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Results
It is important to note that these numbers represent in‐stack values and do not represent concentrations in the environment.
Particulates & Metals – “The stack test results show elevated concentrations of particulate and metals in the exhaust stack vs. comparable standards. Although the Disintegrator equipment was fitted with a fabric‐filter baghouse during the test burn and stack test,
Dispersion Modelling
To determine the true impact, dispersion modelling was used to predict how contaminants will disperse after exiting the stack and determine what the concentrations will be in the surrounding environment. As contaminants exit the stack, they disperse and become less concentrated in the open air. The point of impingement (POI) is the point at which a contaminant comes into contact with the ground or a building. Dispersion modelling for the Kearns Disintegration Unit was performed by RWDI to predict what impact the Disintegrator might have on the surrounding environment. The results were then compared to the province of Ontario guidelines and limits.
The table below shows that “The maximum predicted concentrations of all pollutants were below the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change POI limits. Thus, no impact at the sensitive receptors is expected,” (RWDI Report pg. 12). The term “sensitive receptors” means residences, schools, daycares, etc. The table below shows the highest results from among the nearest sensitive receptors in the surrounding area. The numbers in the far right column show that once dispersed in the open air, each contaminant falls below the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change’s acceptable limits at the sensitive receptors.
Solving our Waste Management Crisis
The Six Nations Elected Council realizes that this issue is of the utmost priority. Therefore, it is our collective responsibility to come up with a solution to this problem. Each solution would come at a capital start‐up cost and would have ongoing annual operation and maintenance costs that have no identified funds. The Six Nations Elected Council has previously paid for all deficit costs associated with landfilling for the benefit of the Six Nations community. However, annual Federal budget cuts combined with increased legislative responsibilities and liabilities as well as lack of own source revenue means that Council may not be equipped with the resources to continue to do this in the future.
Solutions Pros Cons Continue Landfilling This option offers the lowest capital
and operational costs if we continue to landfill without continuous monitoring or management programs
No immediate change is necessary which makes it the most convenient option
Emits high concentrations of Hydrogen Sulfide posing health and safety concerns for community members and workers
Leachate, a liquid that contains elevated concentrations of undesirable material, has been confirmed in our landfill
Generates gas that contains carbon dioxide, methane, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs), and odorous compounds that can affect public health and the environment
Emissions of VOCs contribute to ground‐level ozone formation (smog). Ozone can reduce or damage vegetation growth and cause respiratory problems in humans
Exposure to Hazardous Air Pollutants can cause a variety of health problems, such as cancerous illnesses, respiratory irritation, and central nervous system damage (United States Environmental Protection Agency)
No monitoring or management program in place for methane gas, groundwater or leachate
Community members often light areas of the landfill on fire exposing the community to Hazardous Air Pollutants while placing people in the immediate vicinity in danger of a methane gas explosion
Approximately 2500 vehicles travel to the Landfill Site to deposit an estimated amount of 136 tons of waste per month
AANDC has cut the Landfill Site budget by $35,300.00 as of this year leaving Six Nations with only 38% funding to operate with
No operation and maintenance funding To monitor landfill site closure areas properly, they will need to be continually monitored for decades to come, coming at an unknown annual cost
Not a sustainable option and continuing will occupy larger areas of land within the Territory, taking away opportunities for housing and agriculture for our future generations
control was apparently insufficient for particulate capture. It is unknown if the bag‐filters were working optimally during the test,” (RWDI Report, pg. 10). Dioxins & Furans – “The stack test herein reports high levels of dioxins & furans detected,” (RWDI Report, pg. 9). Acid Gases – During the stack tests of Nov 4‐6, 2014 operators manually employed a lime injection to help control Hydrochloric acid (HCI) emissions. “The results shown here suggest the manual lime injection effectively reduced HCI emissions to within acceptable limits in the stack,” (RWDI Report, pg. 9).
Mercury & Organics – The stack test showed that the emission levels for both Mercury and Organics were within the acceptable limits as outlined by the Ontario Guideline A7 for Air Pollution Control.
![Page 3: How - Six Nations Of The Grand River · 2015. 3. 19. · Results It is important to note that these numbers represent in‐stack values and do not represent concentrations in the](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052021/603650a494b94c371463d3ed/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Results
It is important to note that these numbers represent in‐stack values and do not represent concentrations in the environment.
Particulates & Metals – “The stack test results show elevated concentrations of particulate and metals in the exhaust stack vs. comparable standards. Although the Disintegrator equipment was fitted with a fabric‐filter baghouse during the test burn and stack test,
Dispersion Modelling
To determine the true impact, dispersion modelling was used to predict how contaminants will disperse after exiting the stack and determine what the concentrations will be in the surrounding environment. As contaminants exit the stack, they disperse and become less concentrated in the open air. The point of impingement (POI) is the point at which a contaminant comes into contact with the ground or a building. Dispersion modelling for the Kearns Disintegration Unit was performed by RWDI to predict what impact the Disintegrator might have on the surrounding environment. The results were then compared to the province of Ontario guidelines and limits.
The table below shows that “The maximum predicted concentrations of all pollutants were below the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change POI limits. Thus, no impact at the sensitive receptors is expected,” (RWDI Report pg. 12). The term “sensitive receptors” means residences, schools, daycares, etc. The table below shows the highest results from among the nearest sensitive receptors in the surrounding area. The numbers in the far right column show that once dispersed in the open air, each contaminant falls below the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change’s acceptable limits at the sensitive receptors.
Solving our Waste Management Crisis
The Six Nations Elected Council realizes that this issue is of the utmost priority. Therefore, it is our collective responsibility to come up with a solution to this problem. Each solution would come at a capital start‐up cost and would have ongoing annual operation and maintenance costs that have no identified funds. The Six Nations Elected Council has previously paid for all deficit costs associated with landfilling for the benefit of the Six Nations community. However, annual Federal budget cuts combined with increased legislative responsibilities and liabilities as well as lack of own source revenue means that Council may not be equipped with the resources to continue to do this in the future.
Solutions Pros Cons Continue Landfilling This option offers the lowest capital
and operational costs if we continue to landfill without continuous monitoring or management programs
No immediate change is necessary which makes it the most convenient option
Emits high concentrations of Hydrogen Sulfide posing health and safety concerns for community members and workers
Leachate, a liquid that contains elevated concentrations of undesirable material, has been confirmed in our landfill
Generates gas that contains carbon dioxide, methane, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs), and odorous compounds that can affect public health and the environment
Emissions of VOCs contribute to ground‐level ozone formation (smog). Ozone can reduce or damage vegetation growth and cause respiratory problems in humans
Exposure to Hazardous Air Pollutants can cause a variety of health problems, such as cancerous illnesses, respiratory irritation, and central nervous system damage (United States Environmental Protection Agency)
No monitoring or management program in place for methane gas, groundwater or leachate
Community members often light areas of the landfill on fire exposing the community to Hazardous Air Pollutants while placing people in the immediate vicinity in danger of a methane gas explosion
Approximately 2500 vehicles travel to the Landfill Site to deposit an estimated amount of 136 tons of waste per month
AANDC has cut the Landfill Site budget by $35,300.00 as of this year leaving Six Nations with only 38% funding to operate with
No operation and maintenance funding To monitor landfill site closure areas properly, they will need to be continually monitored for decades to come, coming at an unknown annual cost
Not a sustainable option and continuing will occupy larger areas of land within the Territory, taking away opportunities for housing and agriculture for our future generations
control was apparently insufficient for particulate capture. It is unknown if the bag‐filters were working optimally during the test,” (RWDI Report, pg. 10). Dioxins & Furans – “The stack test herein reports high levels of dioxins & furans detected,” (RWDI Report, pg. 9). Acid Gases – During the stack tests of Nov 4‐6, 2014 operators manually employed a lime injection to help control Hydrochloric acid (HCI) emissions. “The results shown here suggest the manual lime injection effectively reduced HCI emissions to within acceptable limits in the stack,” (RWDI Report, pg. 9).
Mercury & Organics – The stack test showed that the emission levels for both Mercury and Organics were within the acceptable limits as outlined by the Ontario Guideline A7 for Air Pollution Control.
![Page 4: How - Six Nations Of The Grand River · 2015. 3. 19. · Results It is important to note that these numbers represent in‐stack values and do not represent concentrations in the](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052021/603650a494b94c371463d3ed/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
In 1986 Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada (AANDC), formerly Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC), authorized the Six Nations Elected Council to establish the existing landfill
In 2003 the Six Nations Elected Council became increasingly concerned about the capacity, environmental and health effects of the existing Landfill Site and established an Environment Committee which was tasked with developing a Community‐Based Solid Waste Management Plan. The landfill is now beyond capacity
The Environment Committee was able to collect the input of over 600 community members Of the 22 recommendations that came out of this report, one was “it is recommended that a small modular solid waste
incinerator be installed at the Landfill Site in the near future” Following the wishes of the community after this process, the Six Nations Elected Council established a Solid Waste Ad‐
hoc Committee (SWAC) to undertake a search of waste technology After looking at other technologies, Kearns International Ltd. was contacted in June of 2012 Kearns International Ltd. agreed to supply Six Nations with a demonstration unit that would meet or exceed the
requirements and obligations of any and all applicable laws or regulations A demonstration disintegrator unit was delivered and assembled on November 15, 2013. This demo unit operated
intermittently for a total of 28 days (at an average of 11 hours per day) until May 28, 2014
How did we get here?
Background on Kearns Disintegration Demo Unit: On November 15, 2013, the Kearns Disintegration Demonstration Unit was delivered and assembled in Ohsweken. Between November 15, 2013 and May 28, 2014, the Kearns Disintegration System ran intermittently for 28 days. Although the machine was in the community, it was not operational the entire time. Due to requests from some community members, the Kearns Disintegrator was shut down on May 28, 2014. The Six Nations Elected Council decided to conduct emissions tests on the machine and signed an agreement with Kearns International Ltd. to conduct testing on August 26, 2014. Six Nations retained RWDI Air Inc. (RWDI) to conduct emission sampling on the exhaust stack of the Disintegrator. Testing was completed over a three day period from November 4 – 6, 2014.
Testing Procedure: RWDI’s testing program used the same methods that are used on other municipal waste incinerators so it could be compared to regulatory limits from the Ontario Guideline A7 Air Pollution Control. The results were also compared to a recently issued Certificate of Approval for a new Energy from Waste facility operating in Ontario. Therefore, the strictest limits were applied to the Kearns Disintegration Unit.
Transfer Waste Off Territory
The waste will be processed in a provincially approved waste management site outside of the Territory
Capital Costs plus no operation and maintenance funding means that community members may have to pay
Create environmental problems in someone else’s back yard Create additional pollution to the environment by putting more large diesel trucks on the road
Outside companies may not take our waste if it is not sorted
Kearns Disintegrator or other Solid Waste Technology
Has demonstrated the ability to destroy waste and reduce the volume of waste substantially
Can be fixed with pollution controls and be up and running within a year
Could possibly turn waste into a resource by converting it into energy
May provide the opportunity to reclaim the old landfill site so the land may be used for other beneficial uses. Buried recyclables and valuable materials may be able to be processed through a recycling program
Ash could potentially be used as an aggregate for cement or asphalt which would result in a higher level of waste diversion
Can work well with an active recycling program
Choosing this waste alternative would provide a sustainable waste management solution which would be limited to a specific area as opposed to landfilling which would occupy large parcels of land throughout Six Nations or the Province of Ontario for generations
Capital costs No operation and maintenance funding Durability: Demonstration Unit has not run for 30 consecutive days
Some community members have objections to disintegration technology
The demonstration unit is not equipped with some of the pollution controls that would come on the full scale model, therefore it did not meet all of the environmental guidelines when RWDI conducted emissions sampling on the stack
If chosen, this technology requires continued testing, maintenance and occasional repairs, which means there will be annual costs associated with operation and maintenance
Dioxins and furans are produced in the combustion of wastes. For more information on dioxins and furans and how you can reduce exposure, please visit: http://www.hc‐sc.gc.ca/hl‐vs/iyh‐vsv/environ/dioxin‐eng.php
Increase Community Recycling
Reduces overall demand for energy Conserves valuable raw materials Will reduce waste quantities requiring solid waste disposal
Will extend the life of landfills and reduce pollution of the environment Recycling is a critical piece of any solid waste management strategy
Historically, there has been a low percentage of community members recycling or expressing interest in recycling when the option is provided to them free of charge
There are residual wastes that cannot be recycled, composted or reused and will need some form of solid waste disposal. Certain items can only be recycled a limited number of times before they cannot be recycled anymore
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Did anyone know that the machine was running without the pollution controls installed? A: The agreement with Kearns International was that the machine would meet or exceed the requirements and obligations of any and all applicable laws or regulations.
Q: How long was the machine running before it was tested? A: The machine ran intermittently for 28 days (avg 11 hrs/day) from November 15, 2013 to May 28, 2014.
Q: How much did the emissions test cost? A: Total cost of contracting RWDI for the emissions testing and dispersion modelling was $60,000.00.
Q: How much money did Council spend on the Kearns Disintegrator? A: The Six Nations Elected Council provided $805,000.00 to Kearns International which would go towards the purchase price if a new machine were to be installed inside of the Thermal Treatment Plant.
Q: Has the health of the community been put at risk? A: The dispersion modelling completed by RWDI Air Inc. shows that each contaminant falls within the Ontario Ministry Guidelines at the sensitive receptor locations.