HOW PERCEPTIONS OF HOW PERCEPTIONS OF SUCCESS AND GOALS SUCCESS AND GOALS MEDIATE MOTIVATIONMEDIATE MOTIVATION

Damon Burton Damon Burton University of IdahoUniversity of Idaho

What is success?AND

How do we define it?

IS SUCCESS SUBJECTIVE OR OBJECTIVE?

What is objective success?How does it differ from

subjective success? Give me an example of

objective success.Provide an example of

subjective success.

OBJECTIVE VERSUS SUBJECTIVE SUCCESS

Objective Success – winning or placing high in a race.

Subjective Success – reaching a valued goal such as playing slightly beyond your current performance capabilities (CPC).

Which type of success is more feasible and controllable?

MAEHR & NICHOLLS (1980)

Success and failure are not objective events BUT subjective perceptions of each individual.

Perceived success and failure are defined based on whether performance exceeds goals.

MAEHR & NICHOLLS (1980)

Goals define success and failure in 2 ways what you are trying to accomplish

or personal attributes you value amount or degree to which

performance meets or exceeds goal standards

Primary Achievement Goals social approval ability task/intrinsic

PRIMARY ACHIEVEMENT GOALS

Social Approval – others tell you that you did well

Ability – socially compare well and demonstrate competence

Task/Intrinsic – learning, mastery and self-comparison

MEASURING ACHIEVEMENT GOALS

Ewing factor table 11

Does success or failure mean the same thing to all of us?

CONCEPTS CLOSEST AND FARTHEST FROM SUCCESS

CONCEPTS CLOSEST AND FARTHEST FROM FAILURE

Do we define these terms the same way?

If not, are there gender, racial, ethnic or cultural differences in definitions of success and failure?

ANTECEDENTS & CONSEQUENCES

SUCCESS IS DEFINED IN TERMS OF VALUES

Values are learned attitudes.Values are influenced by . . .

gender roles learned from significant others

cultural values racial and ethnic-based norms and

beliefs religious doctrine other groups that influence how we

view the world and decide what is important

How do we measure subjective perceptions of success and failure?

ANTECEDENT S OF SUCCESS & FAILURE

CONSEQUENCES OF SUCCESS & FAILURE

CONSEQUENCES OF SPORT SUCCESS

ENHANCING PERSONAL INVESTMENT

Person-focused strategies

Job-focused strategiesOrganization-focused strategies

PERSON-FOCUSED STRATEGIES

Selecting motivated peoplePlacement of putting the right person in the appropriate job

Developing new goals and sense-of-self variables in individuals.

JOB-FOCUSED STRATEGIES

change job itselfchange larger organizational

network in which the job is performedsocial aspectsinherent attractivenessevaluation

ORGANIZATION-FOCUSED STRATEGIES

establishing & communicating a mission

establishing salient goalsconcern for individual in the

organizationdelegate power identify and reward excellence