How NIR spectroscopy and imaging are useful for the analysis of …Abbas+GFSV+... · How NIR...
Transcript of How NIR spectroscopy and imaging are useful for the analysis of …Abbas+GFSV+... · How NIR...
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Ouissam Abbas, Juan Antonio Fernández Pierna, Pierre Dardenne & Vincent Baeten
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, CRA-W
Valorisation of Agricultural Products dpt Food and Feed Quality Unit
Gembloux, Belgium
How NIR spectroscopy and imaging are useful for the analysis of feed contamination by melamine?
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The aim of this work is to investigate the usefulness of a procedure based on Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and Chemometrics for the characterization of a typical feed product (soybean meal) as well as for the detection the contamination by melamine.
Aim
This work was done in the framework of different projects: INGOT (http://www.aunir.co.uk/) EU Project QSAFFE (KBBE-2010-2-4-03) GFSV 20
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Plan
Laboratory level
• NIR spectroscopy Detection of contamination, Prediction of protein value
• NIR imaging Discrimination of contaminated samples
Feed plant level
• At-line NIR spectroscopy Detection of contamination
• On-line NIR spectroscopy Detection of contamination
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90% of soybean seeds produced in the world are used as feeds for animals, which corresponds to an amount over 160mln ton.
Soybean meal is the material remaining after solvent extraction of oil from soybean flakes; it consists of more than 36% protein, 30% carbohydrates, and excellent amounts of dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals.
Soybean meal
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Melamine
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Melamine Outcomes from melamine contamination: • cat and dog illnesses/deaths • front-page national/international news • massive economic fallout • industry changes • new regulations & enhanced programs
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Melamine is an organic compound that is rich in nitrogen. When combined with formaldehyde it produces melamine-resin, which is widely used in several textiles, plastics, adhesives, flame-resistant products, and some cleaning agents. When combined with cyanuric acid, they form crystals which could cause severe renal problems leading to death
Melamine is illegally added to food/feed to artificially elevate the protein content values of products.
WHAT
WHY
Melamine
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NIR spectroscopy
Raman and MIR
spectroscopy
NIR spectroscopy
NIR/MIR microscopy
Fluorescence
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Melamine
Soybean meal non contaminated
Soybean meal contaminated with 5% melamine
A rapid
detection of any modification by non-authorized additives like
Melamine
Comparison of spectra of melamine and soybeanmeal
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Evolution of GH in function of the percentage of adulteration of soybean meal by melamine (application of general feed ingredient equation)
Detection of melamine contamination by NIR spectroscopy
Abbas O., Lecler B., Dardenne P. and Baeten V. (2013) Detection of melamine in feed ingredients by near infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics. Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy, 21(3), 183-194.
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and reference values obtained by chemical analyses (Dumas and Kjeldahl) of studied samples
Prediction of protein value by NIR spectroscopy Soybean meal
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Wavelength (nm)
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Hyperspectral Imaging
NIR imaging
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PLS-DA model - validation
Discrimination models NIR Hyperspectral data
Detection of melamine contamination by NIR imaging
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PLS-DA model – application on contaminated data
1 soybean meal + melamine 0,5% 2 soybean meal + melamine 1% 3 soybean meal + melamine 1,5% 4 soybean meal + melamine 2% 5 soybean meal + melamine 2,5% 6 soybean meal + melamine 3% 7 soybean meal + melamine 3,5% 8 soybean meal + melamine 4% 9 soybean meal + melamine 5%
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2200 lines x 320 pixels : 704000 pixels (260 MB) Conveyor belt speed: 0.5 mm/s Pixel size: 30 µm x 45 µm Sample weigth: 1 gr Length: 10 cm Width: 1 cm
Detection of melamine contamination by NIR imaging
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soyabean mealFull fat soyaSoya hulls
Regression equations
GH similarity Three criteria
Protein
Fat
Detection of melamine by NIR at-line spectroscopy at feed plant level
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Detection of melamine by NIR on-line spectroscopy at feed plant level
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Detection of melamine by NIR on-line spectroscopy at feed plant level
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Detection of melamine by NIR on-line spectroscopy at feed plant level
Example of an adulteration by whey
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NIR spectroscopy /NIR Hyperspectral imaging and chemometrics make it possible to compare efficiently suspected spectra of new samples and detect melamine in feed. Use of developed calibration equations permits to: • Locate new spectra in the feed data base • Predict the chemical properties values
Application of at-line NIR spectroscopy is a good tool to detect contamination.
Conclusions & perspectives
New perspective: Installation of a NIR spectrometer in the production line and direct measurement of spectra intantaneous detection of contamination or undesirable substances
(Source: Bruker) GFSV 2014
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