How much do you know

about the Middle East???

1)Who created most of the borders and countries of the Middle East?

a. France and England

b. Saudi Arabia

c. The United Nations

d. The United States

2) What language is spoken in Iran?

A. English

B. French

C. Farsi

D. Sufi

3) What are the two main

religious sects in Islam?___________________&___________________.

4) What is the most populous

Islamic country in the world?a. Egyptb. Indonesiac. Irand. Saudi Arabia

5) Which of following is Iraq?

A B

C DA

B

C D

How much do you know about the

middle east?

○Answers!!

○1. A - France & England

○2. C - Farsi

○3. Sunni & Shiite

○4. B – Indonesia (196 million people)

○5. C

Iran – Iraq War

Iran-Iraq WarIraq Basics – Who? Ethnic Groups

1.Arabs = 2/3 of population

2.Kurds = 1/3 of population

○ Own Language & customs

○ Want their own state

○ Brutally suppressed in Iraq

Iran-Iraq War Iraq Basics Who? Religion

1. Shiite – 3/5 of population: Believe Muslim

leader should be a direct descendant of

Mohammed

2. Sunni – 2/5 of population (Saddam

Hussein): Believe leader should be a

respected leader of the community

Main difference is over who should

lead the Muslim community!!!

Iran-Iraq WarBaath Party = Party of Saddam Hussein

What does it do?

Secular

(non-religious) Gov’t.

Uses oil money for

government projects

Hussein begins to

eliminate opponents

Iran-Iraq WarWhat started the war?

1. Border disputes

2. Fear of Shiites (majority in Iraq) rebelling against Saddam (Sunni) – Why?

Iranian Revolution & the rise of Ayatollah Khomeini (Iran=almost all Shiite)

Iran-Iraq War Timeline

Iraq’s Goals:

1. Remove Iran’s leaders

(shiite)

2. Gain oil and land

3. Make Saddam a hero

Iran-Iraq War TimelineSeptember 22, 1980 Saddam

Hussein invaded Iran and took a key waterway into the Persian Gulf

both sides attacked oil fields, attacked tankers, and set mines in the Persian Gulf

U.S. sent warships to protect oil tankers

U.S. ($200 mil. in arms) supported Iraq – Why?

Iran-Iraq War TimelineLong, brutal war (about 8 years),

including the use of chemical &

biological weapons

more than a million combined deaths

Results in a Stalemate, UN cease-fire in 1988

U.S. puts sanctions on Iraq and decreases its support b/c of human rights violations

Persian Gulf War

Persian Gulf WarWhy???

1. Iraq’s claim to land in Kuwait

2.Claimed Kuwait was stealing oil

3.Hussein thought no one would stop him

The ConflictOn August 2,

1990 the country of Iraq invaded and occupied the tiny country of Kuwait over a “supposed” dispute over oil.

United States Responds

President

George H.W.

Bush declared

that the invasion

“would not

stand.”

Had full UN

support!!!

United States Responds

Operation Desert Shield:

American troops sent to protect

Saudi Arabia

Operation Desert Storm: US

bombs Iraqi military & select

targets to LIBERATE KUWAIT!!!

Strategy

1. Six weeks of air attacks on

strategic targets in Kuwait

and Baghdad (Iraqi capital)

to soften up Iraqi military

2. Ground forces move in to

push Iraqi military out of

Kuwait

Bombing of Baghdad

Outcome

American forces led by Gen. Norman Schwarzkopfwould eventually annihilate the Iraqi forces with the world’s most advanced weapons.

F-16

“Highway of Death”

Kuwaiti Oil Fields Set Ablaze

Kuwaiti Oil Fields Set afire

Results1. Iraq accepts border with Kuwait,

surrenders all WMDs, destroys all WMD production capability

2. Oil for Food Program – Iraq can sell oil in exchange for food

3. Saddam represses Kurds & Shiites after the war – No Fly Zones

Ground War Assessment

Operation Desert Storm (ground) lasted only 100 hours.

Air Assault lasted 6 weeks

leading up to the ground invasion

100,000 Iraqis killed; 148

Americans

George Bush & Saddam Hussein

Air Support

American air superiority gave the

coalition forces a huge advantage in

this conflict.

American aircraft completed

decimated Saddam Huessien’s

forces.

Air superiority included: bombers,

attack helicopters, fighter jets and

other highly advanced weapons.

F-117a stealth Designed to be virtually invisible to radar.

Nicknamed the “Wobblin Goblin” because

of bumpy ride and outlandish appearance

Primary weapon (2,000 pound laser -

guided bombs)

Targets in Gulf War included Iraqi

command and control installations and

also chemical and nuclear production and

storage facilities.

Persian Gulf War

B-52

B-52 Stratofortress

US Airforce’s long range, large payload multi-role bomber.

Nicknamed BUFF - Big Ugly Fat Fellow

Can carry more than 70,000 lbs of bombs -nuclear, laser guided and conventional.

In Operation Desert Storm, B-52s were used to conduct round-the-clock carpet bombing attacks against Iraqi troop concentrations and defenses. In addition to high-explosive bombs, the B-52s saturated Iraqi positions with anti-personnel and anti-armor bombs.

Tomahawk cruise missile Desert Storm was the first combat test of

the cruise missile system. Highly successful.

In the war, Tomahawks were used to destroy surface-to-air missile sites, command and control centers, electrical power facilities and were credited with the destruction of Iraq's presidential palace.

Carry 1000 lbs computer or laser guided missiles - 550 miles per hour - up to 1500 miles

AH - 64

AH - 64 apache

Specifically designed for its attack role. It

is heavily armored and is hard to kill.

Uses “Hellfire” anti-tank missiles that have

range of 3.7 miles. Top speed 184 miles an

hour.

30 mm laser directed gun also used -

attached to pilot’s helmet; targeting

information seen

Primary use in Gulf was to destroy tanks

and armored vehicles - highly effective

weapon.

S-70A

S-70A Blackhawk Primary mission of the Blackhawk is

as a troop carrier and and logistical

support aircraft

Can carry 11 fully equipped troops.

Equipped with the Hellfire anti-tank

missile and 50 calibre machine guns

Designed for low delectability.

AH-1W

AH-1W SuperCobra US Marines attack helicopter.

Can carry both the TOW and Hellfire

anti-tank missiles.

Also able to use the Sidewinder air-

to-air missile.

Equipped also with a variety of

rockets and 20 mm gatling guns.

10

A-10 Thunderbolt Also known as the Warthog, Flying Gun,

or the Tankbuster.

The A-10 was responsible for more than

half of the Iraqi military inventory

losses, including tanks, Scuds and

helicopters.

Can carry up to ten Maverick air-to-

surface missiles.

Avenger 30mm cannon, mounted in the

nose of the aircraft. Can fire 4200

rounds a minute.

F-14 Tomcat

The F-14 Tomcat is the US Navy's

carrier-based two-seat air defense,

intercept, strike and reconnaissance

aircraft

The F-14 is armed with a General

Electric Vulcan M61A-1 20mm gun with

675 rounds of ammunition.

The aircraft can carry short-, medium-

and long-range air-to-air missiles and,

and air-to-ground ordnance including

the Rockeye bomb and CBU cluster

bomb

F-15 E

F-15E Strike Eagle

The F-15E dual-role fighter is an advanced

long-range interdiction fighter and tactical

aircraft

It is armed with air-to-air missiles that can

be launched from beyond visual range,

and has air-to-ground capability to

penetrate hostile air and ground defenses

to deliver up to 24,000lb of precision

ordnance.

The aircraft is armed with an internal M-61

20mm Gatling gun, installed in the right

wing root.

F-16 Fighting Falcon

The first of the US Air Force multi-role

fighter aircraft, is the world's most prolific

fighter.

Air-to-surface missiles carried on the F-16

include Maverick, HARM and Shrike

missiles

The F-16 carries the Lockheed Martin

LANTIRN infra-red navigation and

targeting system.

The F-16 has a 20mm General Electric

M61A1 multi-barrel cannon and the

gunsight is interfaced to the cockpit HUD.

UAV

Drones Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are

either remotely or autonomous pilotless

drones typically used for reconnaissance.

UAVs

At least one UAV was airborne at all times

during Desert Storm.

One of the most unusual surrenders took

place when a Pioneer remotely-piloted

vehicle droned above the battlefield,

surveying potential targets. Five Iraqi

soldiers waved white flags at its tiny

television camera; it was the first time in

history that men surrendered to a robot.

Air War Assessment Began January 17,

1991 and lasted

about 6 weeks

until the ground

attack began.

Air power was

then used to

assist the ground

assault.

Air power gave the

US an extreme

advantage

Tomahawk destroying

Iraqi postion

The Ground War

On Feb 24, 1991

Marine divisions

launched the ground

offensive.

Gen. Schwarzkopf

hatched his “Hail

Mary” attack plan.

The ground assault

by the Allies

precipitated a general

rout on the part of

Iraqi forces

positioned in Kuwait.

Desert Storm - Ground

Offensive

M - 1A1

M1 - Abrams

Named for the late Gen. Creighton W.

Abrams, former Army Chief of Staff

Principal U.S. heavy tank used in the

Gulf War

M-1 mounts an M68E1 105 mm main gun

and two 7.62mm NATO M240 machine

guns.

Outranged Iraqi tanks by about 1,000

meters

Its ability to fire reliably when moving at

speed (45 mph) over rough ground

gave it a capability that proved valuable

M - 109A6

M109 Paladin A6

Provides primary indirect fire support to

heavy divisions and armored cavalry

regiments.

The M109A6 is self propelled 155 mm

howitzer.

It contains an on board ballistic computer

and navigation system, an improved

cannon and gun mount, automatic gun

positioning, automotive improvements

and driver night vision equipment.

HMMWV

High Mobility

Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle Provides a variety of wheeled vehicle

platforms

Cargo/troop carrier, armament carrier,

TOW missile system carrier, shelter

carrier and two ambulance variants (2-

and 4-litter).

Designed for use over all types of

roads, in all weather conditions and are

extremely effective in the most difficult

terrain.

Perfect for use in desert operations

M2/M3

Bradley Fighting

Vehicle The BFVS is a lightly armored, fully

tracked fighting vehicle that provides

cross-country mobility, mounted

firepower and protection from artillery

and small-arms fire.

It is used in mechanized infantry and

armored cavalry combat

M2 provides infantry squads with a light

armored fighting vehicle; M3 provides

scout and armored cavalry units with a

vehicle for reconnaissance, screening,

and security missions.

MLRS

Multiple Launch

Rocket System

The multiple launch rocket system

(MLRS) delivers extreme firepower in a

short time.

The MLRS consists of a launcher that

holds two six-rocket canisters.

Primary missions are counter-battery fire

and suppression of enemy air defense

systems.

Each MLRS artillery rocket disperses 644

fragmentation bomblets over the target.

These munitions are both anti-armor and

antipersonnel.

M-9

M9 Armored

Combat Earthmover

The M9 ACE is a highly mobile armored

tracked vehicle that provides combat

engineer support to front-line forces.

Its tasks include eliminating enemy

obstacles, maintenance and repair of

roads and supply routes, and

construction of fighting positions.

Used in the Gulf War to remove sand

walls set up by Iraqis to slow down US

offensive.

Objectives:

Identify the difference between “Desert

Shield” and “Desert Storm”.

Describe weapons used by the United

States in the air war against Iraq.

Describe weapons used by the United

States in the ground war against Iraq.

Discuss the effectiveness of US

weapons.