How measured data is being used to help Operate ... - Cigre · • December 2014 Oscillation...

CIGRÉ Training Day

2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin

Slide 1 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee

How measured data is being used to help Operate

the transmission network

Ciarán Geaney

EirGrid | Power System Protection & Metering

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• Introduction

• Phasor Measurement Unit

• Timelines & Statistics

• System Overview

• Current Uses & Analyses

• Potential Uses

• Events Detected

• December 2014 Oscillation

Introduction

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Phasor Measuring Unit

eMSNI sub.net Disturbance Recorder

• Meets IEEE C37.118 Synchrophasor Standard

• Streams 3 Voltage Phasors, 3 Current Phasors &

Frequency @ 50 samples/second (20ms / 50Hz)

• Data is GPS time stamped with microsecond accuracy

• Communication is via Ethernet connection to secure

comms network.

• Each device can monitor 2 circuits/feeders

• PMUs installed on high accuracy EirGrid energy

metering cores (0.2% accurate)

• Calibration/Certification process in place

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Timelines & Statistics

• Pilot project completed in 2011

• Tendered solution installed Jan 2013

• In use in Control Centres by Jan 2014

• 39 PMUs actively streaming

Three-phase currents, voltages, frequency at 50 Hz

27 in EirGrid at 19 locations

12 PMUs in SONI at 5 locations

• All streaming PMUs are installed on revenue metering

check cores. CTs, VTs and PMUs are all revenue

metering-class (0.2% accurate)

• PMU calibration/certification process in place

• Two-years of historical data available on-line

(terrabytes of data)

• Many generator oscillations, wide-area events

detected

• Currently have a further 40+ PMUs installed and

operating as standalone disturbance recorders PMU

Standalone Disturbance Recorder

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System Overview

Databases Client Tools Interface Nodes

Comms Networks

Data Sources

Dedicated Display Viewer & Builder

Web Browser

Viewer

MS Excel Add-In

Analysis & Notifications Toolbox

Data Historian PMU’s

Private WAN #1

Private WAN #2

Private WAN #3 Data Collector #2

Data Collector #1

Asset Database

Private WAN #4

PMU’s

PMU’s

PMU’s

Voltage, Current & Frequency

sampled at 50 Hz.

GPS time-stamped.

Data transmitted to central PDC

(IEEE C37.118)

Concentrated data stored in

corporate servers

Power calculations executed

Data stored for ~ 2 years

(> 2.5 GB / day)

Client tools for viewing &

crunching the data

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• Generator oscillation detection & notification

Fourier analysis on real power output from each monitored unit

• Frequency oscillation detection & notification

Fourier analysis on frequency at a Dublin location & Cork location (backup)

Fourier analysis on frequency at location in SONI

• Phase angle monitoring

• Frequency event detection & notification

• Island detection & notification

• Voltage dip detection and notification

• Model validation

• Post event fault analysis

Current Uses & Analyses

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• Generator Testing

Currently ongoing but could be expanded

• Blackstart Testing

• Near Real-time calculations

Performance Monitoring Applications

Live Trends of Generator Response Vs. Expected/Ideal Response

• System Separation/Synchronisation Events

Real-time phase angle difference

• Automated Customer Reporting following events

• Integration with SCADA/EMS for smarter analyses

Potential Uses

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• Transfomer Energisation at 17:24:42

• Voltage dipped from 235 kV to 224 kV due to inrush

• CCGT unit reacted and began oscillating ~200 MW at 1.2 Hz

Events Detected (1)

391.88

MW

50.03

Hz

Real Power Frequency

17:25:10 17:25:05 17:25:00 17:24:45 17:24:40 17:24:35

15/01/2014 17:25:15Real Power (green) Vs Frequency (blue)

250.00

300.00

350.00

400.00

450.00

500.00

550.00

49.98

50.00

50.02

50.04

50.06

50.08

50.10

-28.83

MVAr

1.07

Reactive Power %..\..\.%

17:25:10 17:25:05 17:25:00 17:24:45 17:24:40 17:24:35

15/01/2014 17:25:15Reactive Power (green) Vs pu Voltage (blue)

-60.00

-40.00

-20.00

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

1.01

1.02

1.03

1.05

1.06

1.07

1.08

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• CCGT tripped from 400 MW near Dublin

• Frequency dipped to 49.25 Hz and returned to 49.9 Hz within six seconds

• Another CCGT provided correct MW reserve, but large MVAr swing

• Dublin voltage was ok, Cork Voltage swung from 236 kV to between 223 kV and

252 kV

• Synchrosphasor System summarised the event and issued email notifications

Events Detected (2)

219.997

MW

49.88

Hz


4:10:25 4:10:20 4:10:15 4:10:10 4:10:05 4:09:55 4:09:50 4:09:45 4:09:40 4:09:35

06/05/2013 04:10:30Active Power (green) Vs Frequency (blue)

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

49.2

49.35

49.5

49.65

49.8

49.95

50.1

115.949

MVAr

1.07704

Reactive Power

4:10:25 4:10:20 4:10:15 4:10:10 4:10:05 4:09:55 4:09:50 4:09:45 4:09:40 4:09:35

06/05/2013 04:10:30Reactive Power (green) Vs pu Voltage (blue)

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

1

1.02333

1.04667

1.07

1.09333

1.11667

1.14

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• 2½ hour trend on Wednesday 12th of February 2014 showing ~95 trips

during the heights of Storm Darwin.

238.3

kV L-L

13:30 13:00 12:30 12:00

12/02/2014 14:00:00Longpoint 220 kV

150.0

190.0

210.0

250.0 283.7

kV L-L

13:30 13:00 12:30 12:00

12/02/2014 14:00:00Coolkeeragh 275 kV

280.0

282.0

283.0

284.0

286.0

401.8

kV L-L

13:30 13:00 12:30 12:00

12/02/2014 14:00:00Moneypoint 400 kV

375.0

385.0

395.0

405.0

415.0 115.6

kV L-L

13:30 13:00 12:30 12:00

12/02/2014 14:00:00Shannonbridge 110 kV

104.0

109.0

114.0

118.0

287.1

kV L-L

13:30 13:00 12:30 12:00

Ballycronan More 275 kV

282.0

284.0

286.0

289.0

235.5

kV L-L

13:30 13:00 12:30 12:00

12/02/2014 14:00:00Irishtown 220 kV

222.0

227.0

232.0

240.0

282.2

kV L-L

13:30 13:00 12:30 12:00

12/02/2014 14:00:00Louth 275 kV

274.0

278.0

280.0

282.0

286.0

1.04

1.03

1.08

1.07

1.04

13:30 12:00

12/02/2014 14:00:00Per Unit Vol tages

0.65

0.85

0.95

1.15

Events Detected (3)

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• Suspect device

discovered under

Louth – Tandragee

275 kV tower

• Systems were split

in a planned

manner as a

precaution.

• Frequencies were

balanced with

SONI slightly

higher than

EirGrid

• Sync Scheme at

Tandragee worked

as planned

System Separation &

Re-Synchronisation

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Oscillation & Trip

• Generator oscillation and consequent tripping due to issue with a gas valve

-5.41026

MW

49.9846

Hz


4:44 4:43 4:42 4:41 4:40 4:38 4:37 4:36 4:35 4:34

17/06/2014 04:45:00Active Power (green)

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

49.88

49.9

49.92

49.94

49.96

49.98

50

50.02

50.04

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AF2.APL16 ModuleDB\EirGrid|Frequency NCC

50.09

Hz

AF2.APL16 ModuleDB\EirGrid|Frequency CHCC

50.09

Hz

Frequency NCC Frequency CHCC

22:47 22:46 22:45 22:44 22:43 22:40 22:39 22:38 22:37 22:36

26/12/2014 22:47:45NCC and CHCC Frequency

49.60

49.70

49.80

49.90

50.00

50.10

50.20

December 2014 Oscillation (1)

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0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09

Osci llation Frequency (Hz)

Osci llation Ampli tude

(Peak-Peak mHz)

System Frequency (Hz)

Frequency Oscillation Amplitude (mHz)

Legend:

Live MeasurementsLast Five Minutes

22:49 22:48 22:47 22:46 22:45 22:40 22:39 22:38 22:37 22:36

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

Frequency NCC

22:49 22:48 22:47 22:46 22:45 22:44 22:41 22:40 22:39 22:38 22:37 22:36

49.60

49.70

49.80

49.90

50.00

50.10

50.20

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

December 2014 Oscillation (2)

• Very Low Frequency Oscillation

• 0.065 Hz oscillation mode with max pk-pk amplitude of ~ 350 mHz

• Root cause still under investigation

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How Measured Data is being used in Planning the

Transmission Network?

Brendan Kelly

EirGrid | Transmission Access Planning

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Evolution in Planning Needs –

The Old meets the New

Connection Studies

Load Flow

Short Circuit

Dynamics Stability

EMT/TOV

Power Quality/Harmonics

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The need for Good Power Quality

Bound by Grid Code to ensure adequate Quality of Power for Customers as per IEC/TR 61000-3-6 at

IPP/DSO Point of Connection

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We’ve got you covered!

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Using Data for Power Quality Analysis

1. Predicting Future Harmonic Distortion using Existing Measurements

2. Trends – Is there a problem/Is it getting worse?

3. Monitoring Impacts of Wind, Demand, Outages, Cables, Filters and Improving Network Models

4. Using data to create more efficient study procedures

5. Combatting variability in measurements

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1. Predicting Future Harmonic Distortion

Measured

Harmonic

Distortion

Today

Calculation of Harmonic Limits for every future connecting customer

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2. #trending

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2b. Trends – Year on Year Change in

Incremental Harmonic Distortion

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2c. Correlation of Wind with Harmonic

Distortion

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3. Monitor/Benchmark Impact of

Cable Connections

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3b. Highlight Critical Contingencies

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4. Investigate Seasonal Demand

Correlations

- Cut Study Scenarios in Half! Measurements for January and June

Expected Significant

Damping from Load

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5. Variability of Measurements

Using Data to ensure Studies not detached from Reality

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Move towards an Interactive - Data

Transparent future?

Note: For Illustrative Purposes Only.

Real Measurement Data not included

Station A

Station B

Station C

Station D

Station E

Station F

Station G

Station H

Station I

Station J

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Questions & Answers

How measured data is being used to help Operate ... - Cigre · • December 2014 Oscillation...

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