How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

37
!"#$# &’$(#")$*+* ,#"-$’ !./01#"#$/0 2$"*)/0.3*)4$))#’)/0.3* 5."6#*$’789#:."*;#’* <"=3> 9"> ?="@=’ 5A--#"8B#$*C <"=3> 9"> D#=’0."@ 9=1E)/0 B#;$’."."1#$* $; F6*E#--# !".7#’ @#) 2$))#’);.’.7#;#’*) 2$’*#")#;#)*#" GHIHJII !"#$%&’%""( %&*+,-,./ 01& 0+*,23"+4*0-", "3 0+*,23"+4-,. &5&,02 -,0" 6,"7%&8.& (=’ 9."$= <.7’=’$ 5.*">8K"> LLMNNOH B*E@$#’3./0 ,#*"$#1)4$"*)/0.3*)-#0"#P 5.’.7#;#’* E’@ 5."6#*$’7 !./0)#;#)*#" M Q=;# &’$(#")$*R &’$(#")$*S T=;;#"/$.-# DE$7$ ,=//=’$ U#-> VLW IXLX HGYMGN Z85.$- @."$=>:.7’=’$[7;.$->/=; F17.1#@.*E; IN> \.’E."R GHII

description

While a single-loop learning process is primary based on the strategy of controlling environment and tasks unilaterally, risking to result into the inhibition of valid feedback, a double-loop learning process is able to question the underlying value and assumptions beyond the governing variables, providing a more effective decision making. Building on a previous theoretical framework, this study provides an example of an organization adopting a double-loop learning model. Looking at the case of the annual Wikimania events, the nature of the undergoing learning process is explored, analyzing how the experience developed organizing an event is transformed into knowledge. The peculiar multilevel decision-making structure that emerges is illustrated in its relationship to the development of practices that foster the knowledge building and, at the same time, allows double-loop learning.

Transcript of How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

Page 1: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

!"#$#%&'$(#")$*+*%,#"-$'

!./01#"#$/0%2$"*)/0.3*)4$))#')/0.3*

5."6#*$'789#:."*;#'*

<"=3>%9">%?="@='%5A--#"8B#$*C

<"=3>%9">%D#='0."@%9=1E)/0

B#;$'."."1#$*%$;%F6*E#--#%!".7#'%@#)%2$))#');.'.7#;#'*)

%2$'*#")#;#)*#"%GHIHJII

!"#$%&'%""()%&*+,-,./)01&)0+*,23"+4*0-",)"3

0+*,23"+4-,.)&5&,02)-,0")6,"7%&8.&

(=' 9."$=%<.7'='$

5.*">8K"> LLMNNOH

B*E@$#'3./0 ,#*"$#1)4$"*)/0.3*)-#0"#P%5.'.7#;#'*%E'@%5."6#*$'7%

!./0)#;#)*#" M

Q=;#%&'$(#")$*R &'$(#")$*S%T=;;#"/$.-#%DE$7$%,=//='$

U#-> VLW%IXLX%HGYMGN

Z85.$- @."$=>:.7'='$[7;.$->/=;

F17.1#@.*E; IN>%\.'E."R%GHII

Page 2: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

!"#$%&'(&)'*!%*!+

]KU^_9&TU]_K>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>I

U0#="#*$/.-%F::"=./0>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> I^#)#."/0%`E#)*$=')>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>GU0#%2$6$;.'$.%T.)#>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>M

5ZUQ_9_D_?a>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>L

9.*.%BE"/#)>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> LT=@$3$/.*$='>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> O9.*.%U"$.'7E-.*$='>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> X

^ZB&DUB>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> N

T=;:-.$')%K#(#"%B*=:>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>NF%T=;;E'$*R%,E$-*%='%b'=4-#@7#>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> WB$7'.-)%=3%.%9=E1-#8D==:>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>IH

9]BT&BB]_K>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> IG

T_KTD&B]_K>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> IM

^Z!Z^ZKTZB>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>IL

FUUFTQ5ZKU

I%c%T=@$3$#@d9.*.

Page 3: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

9"7)6,"7%&8.&):*,)4*6&)8&:-2-",'4*6-,.)4"+&)&33&:0-5&/)

(+*:0-:&2)3"20&+-,.)8"#$%&'%""()%&*+,-,.!"#$%&'(&)*+,%',"()-./01,0&2)#3)4,5,6/",/)&7&"1)2&.,&2

9."$=%<.7'='$

;<=>?;@>20$-#%.%)$'7-#8-==:%-#."'$'7%:"=/#))%$)%:"$;."R%1.)#@%='%*0#%)*".*#7R%=3%/='*"=--$'7%#'($"=';#'*%.'@%*.)6)%E'$-.*#".--RP%"$)6$'7%*=%"#)E-*%$'*=%*0#%$'0$1$*$='%=3%(.-$@%3##@1./6P%.%@=E1-#8-==:%-#."'$'7%:"=/#))%$)%.1-#%*=%eE#)*$='%*0#%E'@#"-R$'7%(.-E#%.'@%.))E;:*$=')%1#R='@%*0#%7=(#"'$'7%(."$.1-#)P%:"=($@$'7%.%;="#%#33#/*$(#%@#/$)$='%;.6$'7>%,E$-@$'7%='%.%:"#($=E)%*0#="#*$/.-%3".;#4="6P%*0$)%)*E@R%:"=($@#)%.'%#f.;:-#%=3%.'%="7.'$C.*$='%.@=:*$'7%.%@=E1-#8-==:%-#."'$'7%;=@#->D==6$'7%.*%*0#%/.)#%=3%*0#%.''E.-%2$6$;.'$.%#(#'*)P%*0#%'.*E"#%=3%*0#%E'@#"7=$'7%-#."'$'7%:"=/#))%$)%#f:-="#@P%.'.-RC$'7%0=4%*0#%#f:#"$#'/#%@#(#-=:#@%="7.'$C$'7%.'%#(#'*%$)%*".')3=";#@%$'*=%6'=4-#@7#>%U0#%:#/E-$."%;E-*$-#(#-%@#/$)$='8;.6$'7%)*"E/*E"#% *0.*%#;#"7#)% $)% $--E)*".*#@% $'% $*)% "#-.*$=')0$:% *=% *0#%@#(#-=:;#'*%=3%%:"./*$/#)%*0.*%3=)*#"%*0#%6'=4-#@7#%1E$-@$'7%.'@P%.*%*0#%).;#%*$;#P%.--=4)%@=E1-#8-==:%-#."'$'7>

bZa%2_^9Bg% 6'=4-#@7#%;.'.7#;#'*h% -#."'$'7% :"=/#))h% -#."'$'7% :"./*$/#)h% @=E1-#8-==:% -#."'$'7h%4$6$;.'$.>

AB>?C!D@>ACB

]'%*0#%$'*"=@E/*="R%:."*%*0#%*0#="#*$/.-%1./67"=E'@%*0.*%)E::="*#@%.'@%$'):$"#@%*0#%"#)#."/0%$)%

$--E)*".*#@% .'@% *0#% 3$#-@% =3% $'eE$"R% $)% @#3$'#@>% U0#'P% "#)#."/0% eE#)*$=')% ."#% :"#)#'*#@% $'% .%

)R)*#;.*$/%4.R% $'%="@#"% *=%7$(#% *0#%7E$@#-$'#)% *=%1#**#"%E'@#")*.'@% *0#%/='*"$1E*$='%=3% *0$)%

:.:#">%!$'.--RP%*0#%"#)#."/0%/.)#%)*E@R%$)%$'*"=@E/#@%.'@%$*)%:#/E-$."$*$#)%:=$'*#@%=E*>

>1&"+&0-:*%);((+"*:1

]'/"#;#'*.-%.::"=./0#)%*=%@#/$)$='%;.6$'7%."#%1.)#@%='%*0#%$@#.%*0.*%#33#/*$(#%./*$='%/=;#)%

3"=;% .% )E//#))$='% =3% /=;:."$)=')% 1#*4##'% ./*$=')% .'@% 3##@1./6% 3"=;% *0#% #'($"=';#'*P%

40$/0%:"=($@#% $'3=";.*$='%3="% *0#%'#f*%./*$='%="%@#/$)$='%i<"#));.'%.'@%2$-@.()6RP%IWXMh%

5=R'$0.'P %IWXGj> %F)% .% /=')#eE#'/#P% *0#% #33#/*$(#'#))% =3% @#/$)$='% ;.6$'7% .'@% :"=1-#;%

)=-($'7% @#:#'@)% ='% *0#% .(.$-.1$-$*R% =3% (.-$@% $'3=";.*$='% 3"=;% *0#% #'($"=';#'*P% 4$*0$'%

"#.-$)*$/% *$;#% /=')*".$'*)% *=%;.6#% /=""#/*$=')% :=))$1-#P% .'@% ='% *0#% .1$-$*R% *=% *".')3=";% *0#%

/=;:."$)='% 1#*4##'% ./*$=')% .'@% 3##@1./6% $'*=% 6'=4-#@7#P% *0.*% $)% *0#% .1$-$*R% =3% -#."'$'7%

iF"7R"$)P%IWXOj>%U0#%"=-#%=3%-#."'$'7%1#3="#%@#/$)$='%;.6$'7%$)%/"$*$/.-P%.'@%$*)%=//E""#'/#%="%

I

Page 4: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

'=*8=//E""#'/#% ;.R% 1#% *0#% @$)/"$;$'.'*% =3% *0#% @#/$)$=')k% #33#/*$(#'#))% iF--$)='P % IWXIh%

?#="7#P%IWXMh%K#E)*.@*P%IWXHj>

U0#%U8&#.9)#3)/01,#"% 3".;#4="6% iF"7R"$)%l %B/0='P%IWXLj %@$)/"$;$'.*#)%1#*4##'%.% )$'7-#8

-==:% .'@% @=E1-#8-==:% -#."'$'7%;=@#-P% 40#"#% *0#% .1$-$*R% =3% *0#% -#."'$'7% :"=/#))% *=% /0.'7#%

E'@#"-R$'7%(.-E#)%.'@%.))E;:*$=')%$)%/=')$@#"#@%.)%.%)$7'.-%=3%'#+*%&:%##-%-#."'$'7%iF"7R"$)P%

IWXOj>%F"7R"$)%iIWXOjP%)E77#)*#@%*0.*%.%;="#%@$33#"#'*$.*#@%/='/#:*E.-%)/0#;#%.1=E*%)$'7-#8

-==:%.'@%@=E1-#8-==:%-#."'$'7%;=@#-)%/=E-@%0#-:%$'%E'@#")*.'@%*0#%@#7"##%=3%*0#$"%.@=:*$='%

.'@%*0#$"%"=-#%$'%;.6$'7%#33#/*$(#%@#/$)$=')>

U0#%.1$-$*R%=3%7.*0#"$'7%(.-$@%$'3=";.*$='%.'@%*0#%"#-.*$=')0$:%1#*4##'%-#."'$'7%:"=/#))%.'@%

*0#% #33#/*$(#'#))% =3% @#/$)$='% ;.6$'7% 0.)% 1##'% )*E@$#@% $'% @$33#"#'*% 3$#-@)P% )E/0% .)%

7=(#"';#'*.-%="7.'$C.*$=')P%1E)$'#))%="7.'$C.*$=')P% )/0==-)P% "#-$7$=E)%7"=E:)P% *".@#%E'$=')P%

0=):$*.-)P% .'@% )=% ='% iF"7R"$)P % IWOOP % IWXHP % IWXGj> %Q=4#(#"P% "#-#(.'*% -$*#".*E"#% .'@%

-='7$*E@$'.-% )*E@$#)% .1=E*% *0#% -#."'$'7% :"=/#))% $'% ="7.'$C$'7% :#"$=@$/.-% #(#'*)P% $'% *#";)% =3%

)$'7-#8-==:%(#")E)%@=E1-#8-==:%-#."'$'7%:"=/#))P% $)%;$))$'7>%U0$)% "#)#."/0%):"#.@)%-$70*)%='%

*0$)% E'#f:-="#@% 3$#-@P% .')4#"$'7% F"7R"$)k% /-.$;% 3="% 3E"*0#"% "#)#."/0% =1*.$'$'7% @$"#/*-R%

=1)#"(.1-#% @.*.% .1=E*% *0#% .@=:*$='% =3% )$'7-#8-==:% (#")E)% @=E1-#8-==:%;=@#-)>% ]'% @=$'7% )=P%

:."*$/E-."% "#-#(.'/#% $)%7$(#'% *=% *0#%@#(#-=:;#'*%=3%:"./*$/#)P%)$'/#% *0#R%"#:"#)#'*% *0#%;.$'%

#f:"#))$='%.'@%=E*:E*%=3%*0#%-#."'$'7%:"=/#))%$*)#-3%i2#'7#"%l%B'R@#"P%GHHHj>

?&2&*+:1)E#&20-",2

T=')$@#"$'7%-#."'$'7%.)%m18&)'&1&01,#")/"')0#..&01,#")#3)&..#.2;)/"')&..#.2)/2)/"9)3&/1+.&)#3)

5"#$%&'(&)#.)#3) 5"#$,"() 18/1)6/5&2)/01,#") ,"&33&01,7&n%iF"7R"$)P%IWXOg%MOYjP %*0$)% "#)#."/0%

.$;)% *=% @#)/"$1#% 40#*0#"% .'@% 0=4% *0#% ="7.'$C.*$='% =3% "#-.*#@% #(#'*)% #(=-(#)% =(#"% *$;#%

*0"=E70%.%-#."'$'7%:"=/#))>

U0#%7E$@#-$'#)%=3%*0#%"#)#."/0%/.'%1#%"#)E;#@%$'%*0"##%;.$'%"#)#."/0%eE#)*$=')g

!" ]@#'*$3R% *0#% #-#;#'*)% =3% /='*$'E$*R% .'@% @$)/='*$'E$*R% $'% *0#% ="7.'$C.*$='% =3%

:#"$=@$/.-% #(#'*)% .-='7% *$;#P% $'% *#";)% =3% -#."'$'7% :"=/#))>% T=;:."$'7% *0#%

#(#'*)% 3"=;%='#% $))E#% *=% *0#% 3=--=4$'7P%/.'%4#%)##%.% -#."'$'7%:"=/#))%7=$'7%

='o

#" ])=-.*#% .'@% .'.-RC#% *0#% )#*% =3% :"./*$/#)% @#(#-=:#@% .)% .% 4.R% *=% #33#/*$(#-R%

*".')3#"%6'=4-#@7#%3"=;%='#%#(#'*%*=%.'=*0#">%U0.*%$)g%0=4%@=%*0#%:"=;=*#")%

@#*#/*P%/=""#/*%.'@%:"#(#'*%#""=")%$'%*0#%="7.'$C.*$='%=3%*0#%:#"$=@$/.-%#(#'*o

$" ]@#'*$3R% *0#%'.*E"#%=3% *0#% -#."'$'7%:"=/#))% $'% *#";%=3% )$'7-#J@=E1-#8-==:>%9=%

*0#% :"./*$/#)% E)#@% 1R% *0#% /=;;E'$*R% $'0$1$*% ="% 3=)*#"% @=E1-#8-==:% -#."'$'7o%

F"#% *0#% .))E;:*$=')% E'@#"-R$'7% /E""#'*% ($#4)% eE#)*$='#@P% .'@% 0R:=*0#)#)%

G

Page 5: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

.1=E*% 1#0.($="% *#)*#@% :E1-$/-Ro% Q=4% @=#)% $*% .33#/*% *0#% @#/$)$='% ;.6$'7%

:"=/#))o

U0#)#%*0"##%eE#)*$=')P%.--%*=7#*0#"P%0#-:)%$'%.')4#"$'7%*0#%;="#%7#'#".-%eE#)*$='%.1=E*%0=4%

*0#%#f:#"$#'/#%@#(#-=:#@%*0"=E70%#(#'*)k%="7.'$C.*$='%$)%*".')3=";#@%$'*=%6'=4-#@7#%3="%*0#%

1#**#"%"#:#*$*$='%=3%*0#%).;#%#(#'*%$'%*0#%3E*E"#P%.'@%40.*%$)%*0#%"=-#%=3%@#(#-=:$'7%:"./*$/#)%

$'%*0$)%-#."'$'7%:"=/#))>

>1&)F-6-4*,-*)@*2&

2$6$;.'$.%$)%.'%.''E.-%$'*#"'.*$='.-%/='3#"#'/#P%=:#".*#@%)$'/#%GHHYP%4$*0%*0#%.$;%*=%/"#.*#%

.%;##*$'7%:=$'*% 3="%.--% *0#%E)#")%.'@%.E*0=")%=3%2$6$:#@$.%.'@%=3%.--% *0#%=*0#")%2$6$;#@$.%

:"=p#/*)>%9E"$'7%*0#)#%#(#'*)P% *0#%2$6$;#@$.%/=;;E'$*R%/.'%)0."#%=:$'$=')%.'@% $@#.)P%.'@%

@$)/E))%.1=E*%4$6$8"#-.*#@%$))E#)P%)E/0%.)%*0#%)=/$.-%.'@%*#/0'$/.-%.):#/*)%=3%3"##%6'=4-#@7#P%

3"##%/='*#'*)%.'@%=:#'%)=E"/#%)=3*4."#>%

U0#% "#)#."/0% 0.)% .@=:*#@% .'% $'@E/*$(#% .::"=./0% *0"=E70% .% ):#/$3$/% /.)#% )*E@RP% *.6$'7% .%

-='7$*E@$'.-%($#4%=(#"%*$;#%1R%.'.-RC$'7%*0#%-#."'$'7%/E"(#%=3%*0#%)$f%2$6$;.'$.%#(#'*)%0#-@%

E'*$-% '=4g% !".'63E"*% GHHYP %T.;1"$@7#% GHHOP %U.$:#$% GHHXP %F-#f.'@"$.% GHHNP %,E#'=)%F$"#)%

GHHWP%?.@.')6%GHIH>%]'%U.1-#I%*0#"#%."#%*0#%;.$'%/=="@$'.*#)%=3%*0#)#%#(#'*)>

U.1-#I%8%5.$'%/=="@$'.*#)%=3%*0#%.'.-RC#@%2$6$;.'$.%#(#'*)

iB=E"/#g%.E*0="k)%#-.1=".*$='%3"=;%=33$/$.-%2$6$;.'$.%4$6$j%

_'#%=3% *0#%"#.)=')%40R% *0#%2$6$;.'$.%/.)#%0.)%1##'%/0=)#'% $)% *0.*%:#=:-#%="7.'$C$'7%.'@%

.**#'@$'7%2$6$;.'$.%#(#'*)%/.'%1#%/=')$@#"#@%.)%.%<#66+",19)#3)=./01,0&>)<#66+",1,&2)#3)

=./01,0&%."#%7"=E:)%=3%:#=:-#%)0."$'7%:.))$='P%/=;;$*;#'*%.'@%$@#'*$3$/.*$='%4$*0%*0#%7"=E:%

#f:#"*$)#P% -.)*$'7% .)% -='7% .)% *0#"#% $)% $'*#"#)*% $'%;.$'*.$'$'7% *0#%7"=E:P%4$*0% *0#%:E":=)#%=3%

@#(#-=:$'7% ;#;1#")k% /.:.1$-$*$#)P% .'@% *=% 1E$-@% .'@% #f/0.'7#% 6'=4-#@7#% i2#'7#"% .'@%

B'R@#"P%GHHHj>%U0#"#%."#%*0"##%;.$'%/0."./*#"$)*$/)%=3%/=;;E'$*$#)%=3%:"./*$/#%i2#'7#"%#*%.->P%

GHHGjP%*0.*%."#%.--%#($@#'*%$'%*0#%2$6$;.'$.%/.)#g%*0#%>#6/,"P%40$/0%$'%*0#%2$6$;.'$.%/.)#%$)%

M

Page 6: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

*0#% $'*#"#)*% $'% *0#% 4$6$8"#-.*#@% $))E#)P% .'@% *0.*% @#3$'#)% *0#% /=;;E'$*Rk)% $@#'*$*Rh% *0#%

<#66+",19P%% *0.*% $)% *0#% 7"=E:% =3% 2$6$;#@$.% E)#")% $'*#"./*$'7% $'% p=$'*% ./*$($*$#)% .'@%

@$)/E))$=')P%0#-:$'7%#./0%=*0#"%.'@%)0."$'7%$'3=";.*$='h%*0#%=./01,0&P%*0.*%$)%*0#%@#(#-=:;#'*%

=3%.%)0."#@%"#:#"*=$"#%=3%"#)=E"/#)P%)E/0%.)%#f:#"$#'/#)P%)*="$#)P%*==-)%.'@%4.R)%=3%.@@"#))$'7%

"#/E""$'7% :"=1-#;)% c %.--% "#)=E"/#)% *0.*% ."#% @#(#-=:#@%1R% *0#%2$6$;.'$.% /=;;E'$*R% $'*=% .%

0E7#% .;=E'*% =3% @.*.P% 3"##-R% .(.$-.1-#% ='-$'#>% U0#% .@(.'*.7#% =3% .@=:*$'7% *0#% *0#="#*$/.-%

3".;#4="6%=3%*0#%T=;;E'$*R%=3%<"./*$/#%-$#)%;.$'-R%$'%*0#%*0$"@%/0."./*#"$)*$/g%*0#%#33="*%*=%

3=/E)% *0#% .**#'*$='% ='% *0#% @#(#-=:;#'*% =3% .% )0."#@% "#:#"*=$"#% =3% :"./*$/#P% *0.*% $)% *0#%;.$'%

#f:"#))$='%.'@%=E*:E*%=3%*0#%-#."'$'7%:"=/#))%$*)#-3P%@$"#/*-R%"#3-#/*$'7%*0#%:"#($=E)%@#/$)$=')%

.'@%$'3-E#'/$'7%*0#%3=--=4$'7%@#/$)$='8;.6$'7%:"=/#))>

F'=*0#"%:#/E-$."$*R%=3%2$6$;.'$.%#(#'*)P%$'%"#-.*$='%*=%*0#%6'=4-#@7#%;.'.7#;#'*%:=$'*%=3%

($#4P%$)%*0.*%#(#'%*0=E70%.--%*0#%#(#'*)%/.'%1#%.)/"$1#@%*=%*0#%2$6$;#@$.%!=E'@.*$='P%&7&.9)

9&/.) 18&9)/.&)#.(/",?&')*9)/)0#6-%&1&%9)',33&.&"1)(.#+-)#3)-&#-%&% c %*0#% -=/.-%="7.'$C.*$='>%

U0#%"#-.*$=')0$:%1#*4##'%*0#%-=/.-%="7.'$C.*$='%.'@%*0#%0#.@eE."*#")P%.'@%*0#%4.R%6'=4-#@7#%

$)% *".')3#""#@% 3"=;% ='#% -=/.-% ="7.'$C.*$='% *=% .'=*0#"P% ."#% 6#R% .):#/*)% $'% E'@#")*.'@$'7% *0#%

"=-#%*0.*%*0#%@#(#-=:;#'*%=3%:"./*$/#)%0.)%$'%*0#%'.*E"#%=3%*0#%$'eE$"#@%-#."'$'7%:"=/#))>

GH>9C!CICJK

B$'/#%*0#%eE.-$*.*$(#%'.*E"#%=3%*0#%:"#)#'*%"#)#."/0P%*0#%@.*.%/=--#/*$='%.'@%.'.-R)$)%$)%1.)#@%

;.$'-R% ='% )*"E/*E"$'7P% 7"=E:$'7P% .'@% $'*#":"#*$'7% @.*.% $'% ="@#"% *=% )#."/0% 3="% /.*#7="$#)P%

*R:=-=7$#)P%.'@%:.**#"')%.1-#%*=%#f:-.$'%*0#%.'.-RC#@%:0#'=;#'='>

U0#% -='7$*E@$'.-% )*E@R% =3% *0#% )$f%2$6$;.'$.% #(#'*)% -#@% *=% *0#% *+,%',"() #3) /) '/1/*/2&% =3%

#f*"./*)% 3"=;% *0#%@.*.% )=E"/#)P% /=@$3$#@%.//="@$'7% *=% #;#"7#'*% *0#;#)%.'@% )E18*0#;#)%.'@%

/-.))$3$#@% $'% *#";)% =3% @.*#P% "#-.*#@% #(#'*P% )=E"/#P% .'@% $'3=";.'*> % q)##% F**./0;#'*% IP%

mT=@$3$#@d9.*.nr

]'% *0"##% )*#:)P% *0#% .'.-R)$)% 4#'*% *0"=E70g% 3$")*P% .% 7#'#".-% @#)/"$:*$='% =3% *0#% :0#'=;#'='h%

)#/='@P% *0#% /.*#7="$C.*$='% =3% *0#% 7.*0#"#@% @.*.h% .'@% 3$'.--RP% *0#% /=''#/*$='% =3% *0#% /=@$3$#@%

@.*.%$'%="@#"%*=%.@@"#))%*0#%"#)#."/0%eE#)*$=')>

!*0*)=#+:&2

U0#%.;=E'*%=3%@.*.%7#'#".*#@%1R% *0#%2$6$;.'$.%/=;;E'$*RP% .'@%1R% *0#% "#-.*#@% )#/='@."R%

)=E"/#)P%$)%)=%0E7#%*0.*%)=;#%/"$*#"$.%."#%"#eE$"#@%$'%="@#"%*=%3$-*#"%.'@%)#-#/*%*0#%$'3=";.*$='%

"#-#(.'*% *=% *0#%"#)#."/0%:E":=)#)>%BE/0%/"$*#"$.%0.)%1##'%#;:$"$/.--R%@#(#-=:#@% *0"=E70% *0#%

L

Page 7: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

$@#'*$3$/.*$='%=3%)=;#%(."$.1-#)%*0.*%)$7'$3$/.'*-R%)0=4%*0#%@#(#-=:;#'*%=3%:"./*$/#)%.'@%*0#%

E'@#"7=$'7%-#."'$'7%:"=/#))>

U0#%;=)*%$;:="*.'*%:"$;."R%@.*.%)=E"/#)%0.)%1##'%*0#%@=/E;#'*)%7#'#".*#@%1R%*0#%./*=")%=3%

*0#%/.)#%)*E@R%*0#;)#-(#)P%)E/0%.)%*0#%=33$/$.-%2$6$;.'$.%0=;#:.7#)P%*0#%"#-.*#@%@$)/E))$='%

:.7#)P%*0#%4$6$8:.7#)%@#.-$'7%4$*0%1$@@$'7%:"=/#))P%.'@%)=%='>

F3*#"%.%7#'#".-%)/.''$'7%=3%)#(#".-%:"$;."R%)=E"/#)P%$'%="@#"%*=%@#3$'#%*0#%1=E'@."$#)%=3%*0#%

"#)=E"/#)%$*%0.)%1##'%/0=)#%*=%-$;$*%*0#%@.*.%7.*0#"$'7%*=%*0#%3=--=4$'7%4$6$%:.7#)g

% _33$/$.-%2$6$;.'$.%Z(#'*)%:.7#)%q)##%U.1-#Ir%

% BE77#)*$=')%.'@%/=;;#'*)%:.7#)g

& ];:"=($'7%='%25GHHY9Z

0**:gJJ;#*.>4$6$;#@$.>="7J4$6$J];:"=($'7d='d2$6$;.'$.dGHHY%

& 25GHHO&Bg%<=)*%/='3#"#'/#%/=;;#'*)%

0**:gJJ4$6$;.'$.GHHO>4$6$;#@$.>="7J4$6$J<=)*d/='3#"#'/#d/=;;#'*)

& T=;;#'*)%='%25GHHXU2

0**:gJJ4$6$;.'$.GHHX>4$6$;#@$.>="7J4$6$JT=;;#'*)

& T=;;#'*)%='%25GHHNZ?

0**:gJJ4$6$;.'$.GHHN>4$6$;#@$.>="7J4$6$JT=;;#'*)

& 2$6$;.'$.%GHHN%2$)0-$)*

0**:gJJ;#*.>4$6$;#@$.>="7J4$6$J2$6$;.'$.dGHHNJ2$)0-$)*

& 25GHHWF^%<=)*8;="*#;

0**:gJJ4$6$;.'$.GHHW>4$6$;#@$.>="7J4$6$J<=)*8;="*#;

& 2$6$;.'$.%GHIH%5=')*#")%.'@%/"$*$/)

0**:gJJ4$6$;.'$.GHIH>4$6$;#@$.>="7J4$6$J5=')*#")d.'@d/"$*$/)

% F@@$*$='.-%@=/E;#'*.*$='g%

& 2$6$;.'$.J/0#/6-$)*%8%

0**:gJJ;#*.>4$6$;#@$.>="7J4$6$J2$6$;.'$.J/0#/6-$)*

& ,$@%\E@7$'7%/"$*#"$.%8%

0**:gJJ;#*.>4$6$;#@$.>="7J4$6$J2$6$;.'$.J\E@7$'7d/"$*#"$.

& 2$6$;.'$.JQ.'@1==6%8%

0**:gJJ;#*.>4$6$;#@$.>="7J4$6$J2$6$;.'$.JQ.'@1==6

& &'=33$/$.-%.@($/#%3="%"E''$'7%.%2$6$;.'$.

0**:gJJ;#*.>4$6$;#@$.>="7J4$6$J&)#"g<0=#1#J2$6$;.'$.

B$'/#%.--%*0#%4#1%:.7#)%.1=(#%."#%4$6$%:.7#)P%*0#R%0.(#%*4=%$;:="*.'*%/0."./*#"$)*$/)g%='%*0#%

='#%0.'@P%*0#R%/.'%1#%;=@$3$#@%$'%.'R%;=;#'*%1R%.'R='#h%='%*0#%=*0#"%0.'@P%*0#%0$)*="R%=3%

*0#$"% ;=@$3$/.*$='% $)% *"./6#@% .'@% $*% $)% :=))$1-#% *=% )##% 0=4% *0#% :.7#% 4.)% .*% .'R% ):#/$3$#@%

;=;#'*% $'% *0#%:.)*>% ]*% 0.)% 1##'% /0#/6#@% *0.*% *0#% /=@$3$#@%@.*.%4.)'k*%;=@$3$#@%@E"$'7% *0#%

Y

Page 8: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

"#)#."/0%:#"$=@>%Q=4#(#"P%$'%="@#"%*=%0.(#%.%/=;;='%.'@%3$f#@%"#3#"#'/#P%$*%$)%.))E;#@%*0.*%

.--%*0#%@.*.%)=E"/#)%."#%$'*#'@#@%.)%*0#R%.::#."#@%*0#%I)*%=3%9#/#;1#"%GHIH%.*%IF5%&UT>

2$*0% *0#% .$;% *=% 0.(#%;="#% :"#/$)#% "#3#"#'/#)% .'@% *"./#.1$-$*R% =3% *0#% @.*.P% $'% *0#% /=-E;'%

mB=E"/#n%=3%*0#%U.1-#%mT=@$3$#@d9.*.n%qF**./0;#'*%Ir%0.)%1##'%"#:="*#@P%40#'%.(.$-.1-#P%*0#%

):#/$3$/%:.".7".:0%=3%*0#%4$6$%:.7#P%$@#'*$3$.1-#%1R%*0#%)R;1=-%msn%3=--=4#@%1R%*0#%:.".7".:0%

0#.@$'7>

F-)=% )#/='@."R% @.*.) 0.)% 1##'% )/.''#@P% $'% *0#% :"#-$;$'."R% :0.)#P% -==6$'7% .*% *0#% ;#@$.%

/=(#".7#g% p=E"'.-)P% ):#/$.-% $'*#"#)*% ;.7.C$'#)P% )/$#'*$3$/% -$*#".*E"#P% :=:E-."% -$*#".*E"#>%

Q=4#(#"P% '=% "#-#(.'/#% 4.)% 3=E'@% *=% pE)*$3R% .% ;="#% @##:% .'.-R)$)% .'@% /=@$3$/.*$='P%

/=')$@#"$'7% *0#%'.*E"#%=3% *0#%:"#)#'*% "#)#."/0>%F)% )0=4'%0#"#.3*#"P% #(#'% *0=E70% $*% $)% .%1$7%

-$;$*.*$='P%$*%0.)'k*%/=;:"=;$)#@%*0#%(.-$@$*R%=3%@.*.%.'.-R)$)%.'@%"#)E-*)>

@"8-3-:*0-",

U0#%.'.-R)$)%=3%*0#%=33$/$.-%2$6$;.'$.%4#1%:.7#)%.'@%=3%*0#%"#-.*#@%4$6$%-#@%*=%*0#%$'@E/*$(#%

/"#.*$='% =3% *0#;.*$/% /.*#7="$#)>% 5=($'7% 3="4."@% .'@% 1./64."@% 1#*4##'% *0#% *0#="#*$/.-%

3".;#4="6%.'@%*0#%#;:$"$/.-%@.*.P%*0#)#%/.*#7="$#)%0.)%1##'%$;:"=(#@%.'@%"=E'@#@%=33%E'*$-%.%

"#-#(.'*%"#)E-*%8%3="%*0#%:E":=)#)%=3%*0#%"#)#."/0%8%0.)%1##'%"#./0#@>

F)% )0=4% $'%U.1-#%GP %*0#% 3$'.-% /=@#)%."#%;.@#%=3% 3=E"%;.$'% *0#;#)%4$*0% *0"##8*=83=E"% )E18

*0#;#)%#./0P%;E*E.--R%#f/-E)$(#%.'@%/=--#/*$(#-R%#f0.E)*$(#>

U.1-#G%8%9.*.%T=@$3$/.*$='%?"$@

iB=E"/#g%.E*0="k)%#-.1=".*$='j%

]')$@#%*0#%*0#;#%m5"#$%&'(&)*+,%',"()-./01,0&2n%."#%/=@$3$#@%.--%*0#%@.*.%#f*"./*)%40#"#%*0#"#%

$)% #($@#'/#% =3% .'% .**#;:*% *=% 1E$-@% .'@% *".')3#"% 6'=4-#@7#>% B=P% *0#% /=@#)% I>IP%I>GP %.'@% I>M%

"#:"#)#'*P%='#%3="%#./0P%*0"##%:"./*$/#)%*0.*%4.)%@$)/=(#"#@%*=%1#%E)#@%*=%3=)*#"%*0#%-#."'$'7%

:"=/#))%1#*4##'%.%2$6$;.'$.%#(#'*)%.'@%*0#%3=--=4$'7)>

O

Page 9: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

U0#%*0#;#%m0#6-%/,"2)"&7&.)21#-n%$)%*0#%='#%4$*0%*0#%1$77#)*%.;=E'*%=3%/=@$3$#@%@.*.P%)$'/#%

$*%$'/-E@#)%.--%*0#%#""=")%.'@%:"=1-#;)%)$7'.-#@%1R%)#(#".-%$'3=";.'*)%.'@%"#-.*#@%*=%.%):#/$3$/%

2$6$;.'$.% #(#'*P% .--=4$'7% .% -='7$*E@$'.-% /=;:."$)='% $'% *0#$"% #(=-E*$='% =(#"% *$;#>% U0#%

;.p="$*R%=3% *0#)#%@.*.%/=;#)%3"=;%=33$/$.-%@$)/E))$='%:.7#)%/"#.*#@%1R%*0#%="7.'$C#")%="%1R%

*0#%2$6$;#@$.%!=E'@.*$='%i0#.@eE."*#")j%pE)*%.3*#"%#./0%#(#'*P%.'@%/=;;#'*#@%1=*0%1R%*0#%

/='3#"#'/#)k% .**#'@##% .'@%1R% *0#% -=/.-%2$6$;.'$.%="7.'$C#")>%U0#% *R:=-=7$#)% =3% #""=")% .'@%

:"=1-#;)%."#%;.$'-R%7"=E:#@%$'*=%.%/=;;='%-.1#-%1#/.E)#%=3%.33$'$*R%="%/=""#-.*$='P%4$*0%*0#%

#f/#:*$='%=3% *0=)#%E'@#"% *0#%/=@#%G>LP %40$/0%"#:"#)#'*%.%"#)[email protected]%/.*#7="R%/='*.$'$'7%;="#%

7#'#".-%="%-#))%"#-#(.'*%$*#;)>

&'@#"%*0#%*0#;#%m'&/%,"()$,18)&..#.2n%*0#"#%."#%.--%*0#%#f:-$/$*%3=--=48E:)%*=%.%)$7'.-#@%#""="%

="%:"=1-#;P%*0.*%/=E-@%1#%*0#%#($@#'/#%=3%$*k)%)=-E*$='%i/=@#%M>IjP%*0#%"#p#/*$='P%;$'$;$C.*$='%

="%;$))#@%"#/=7'$*$='%=3%$*%i/=@#%M>GjP%="%$*)%.//#:*.'/#%.'@%@$)/E))$='%i/=@#%M>Gj>%

!$'.--RP% *0#% *0#;#% m3&&'*/05) /"') 2+((&21,#"2n% 7"=E:)% )=;#% @.*.% *0.*P% #(#'% *0=E70% '=*%

@$"#/*-R%"#-.*#@%*=%*0#%-#."'$'7%:"=/#))%/=')$)*$'7%$'%*0#%@#*#/*$='%.'@%/=""#/*$='%=3%#""=")P%."#%

"#-#(.'*%*=%*0#%#f:-=".*$='%.'@%@$)/E))$='%=3%*0#%E'@#"7=$'7%6'=4-#@7#%1E$-@$'7%:"=/#))>

!*0*)>+-*,.#%*0-",

F--%*0#%*0#;#)%*0.*%#;#"7#@%3"=;%*0#%@.*.%.'.-R)$)P%"#3-#/*#@%$'%*0#%/=@$3$/.*$='%)*"E/*E"#P%."#%

"#/E""#'*%.*%-#.)*%$'%*4=%=3%*0#%)$f%=1)#"(#@%2$6$;.'$.%#(#'*)%.'@%."#%#f:"#))$='%=3%@$33#"#'*%

*R:=-=7$#)% =3% $'3=";.'*)>% U0#% -='7$*E@$'.-% ($#4% =(#"% *$;#% .'@% *0#% '.*E"#% =3% *0#% )#-#/*#@%

)=E"/#)% .--=4#@% *0#% *"$.'7E-.*$='% $'% @.*.% /=--#/*$='% 1#/.E)#% *0#% @.*.% )=E"/#)% .'@% .'.-R)$)%

@$33#"#@%$'%)#(#".-%#-#;#'*)>

!$")*-RP% *0"##% ;.$'% $'3=";.'*% *R:=-=7$#)% 0.)% 1##'% E)#@P% *0.*% $)% @.*.% 7#'#".*#@% 1Rg% *0#%

2$6$;#@$.% !=E'@.*$='% 0#.@eE."*#")h% *0#% ;#;1#")% =3% *0#% -=/.-% ="7.'$C.*$='h% *0#% E)#")P%

;#;1#")%=3%*0#%2$6$;#@$.%T=;;E'$*R%40=%.**#'@#@%*0#%#(#'*)>%20$-#%*0#%3=";#"%"#:"#)#'*)%

.%E'$eE#%:=$'*%=3%($#4P%*0#%-=/.-%="7.'$C.*$='%$)%/=;:=)#@%1R%@$33#"#'*%:#=:-#%#(#"R%R#."P%.'@%

*0#%@.*.%3"=;%*0#%2$6$;#@$.%T=;;E'$*R%."#%7#'#".*#@%1R%*#')%=3%(."$=E)%./*$(#%E)#")>

B#/='@-RP% #(#'% *0=E70% .--% *0#% )=E"/#)% ."#% 4$6$% :.7#)P% *0#R% 0$70-R% (."R% $'% *0#$"% *R:=-=7R>%

U0#"#%."#%=:#'%@$)/E))$='%:.7#)P%)E"(#R)%.'@%)E"(#R)k%"#)E-*)P%=33$/$.-%.'.-R)$)%=3%#""=")%.'@%

)=-E*$=')%;.@#%1R%*0#%0#.@eE."*#")P%E'=33$/$.-%7E$@#)P%.'@%)=;#%0R1"$@%1#*4##'%*0#;>

!$'.--RP% @$33#"#'*% .::"=./0#)%0.)% 1##'%E)#@% *=% .'.-RC#%@.*.P% .-*#"'.*$'7%/.*#7="$C.*$='%4$*0%

@#)/"$:*$='>

Z(#'% *0=E70% ='-R% :"$;."R% @.*.% )=E"/#)% 0.)% 1##'% E)#@P% ;E-*$:-#% )=E"/#)% .--=4#@% 3="%

*"$.'7E-.*$='%=3%*0#;#)%.'@%/='/-E)$=')%i5$-#)%.'@%QE1#";.'P%IWNLj>%U0#%@.*.%*"$.'7E-.*$='%

X

Page 10: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

#f:-.$'#@% .1=(#% .--=4#@% *=% 3$'@% /=''#/*$=')P% .'.-RC#% .'@% @#)/"$1#% *0#% =1)#"(#@%

:0#'=;#'='P%.'@%.')4#"%*0#%"#)#."/0%eE#)*$=')>%

F--%*0#%/=--#/*#@%@.*.%."#%"#:="*#@%$'%*0#%U.1-#%mT=@$3$#@d9.*.n%qF**./0;#'*%Ir>

?H=DI>=

U0#% -=7$/.-% :.*0% =3% *0#% "#)#."/0% 7=#)% *0"=E70% *0#% 3=--=4$'7% )*#:)g % Ij %$@#'*$3$/.*$='% =3%

#-#;#'*)%:"=($'7%*0#%E'@#"7=$'7%=3%.% -#."'$'7%:"=/#))P% $'% *#";)%=3%)$7'.-$'7P%@#*#/*$='%.'@%

/=""#/*$='% =3% #""=")h %Gj %3$'@$'7% *0#% :"./*$/#)% E)#@% *=% 3=)*#"% *0#% 1E$-@$'7% .'@% *".')3#"% =3%

6'=4-#@7#%3"=;%='#%#(#'*%*=%.'=*0#"h%Mj%#f:-="#%*0#%'.*E"#%=3%*0#%$@#'*$3$#@%-#."'$'7%:"=/#))%

8% *"R$'7% *=% E'@#")*.'@% 40#*0#"% $)% $*% :=))$1-#% *=% *.-6% .1=E*% @=E1-#8-==:% -#.'$'7% 8 %.'@% *0#%

#-#;#'*)%*0.*%@#*#";$'#%$*>

@"4(%*-,2)B&5&+)=0"(

]')*"E;#'*)%)E/0%.)%4$6$%:.7#)%:"=(#@%*=%1#%.%(#"R%7==@%*==-%3="%*0#%/=--#/*$='%=3%/=;:-.$'*)P%

#):#/$.--R%$3%*0#%/"$*$/)%/=;#%3"=;%2$6$;#@$.%./*$(#%E)#")>%QE'@"#@)%=3%/=;;#'*)%)$7'.-$'7%

#""=")% .'@%:"=1-#;)%4#"#% "#/="@#@%.'@%;.@#% .(.$-.1-#% 3="% *0#% 3E*E"#>%Q=4#(#"P% $*% $)% '=*% .%

)E33$/$#'*%#-#;#'*%$'%="@#"%*=%*.-6%.1=E*%m-#."'$'7%:"=/#))n>%F"#%*0=)#%)$7'.-#@%#""=")%E)#@%.)%

.%1.)#%3="%3E*E"#%@#/$)$='%;.6$'7P%="%@=%*0#R%"#;.$'%.%;#"#%/=;:-.$'%4$*0=E*%/=')#eE#'/#)o%

T=;:."$'7% *0#% )$7'.-#@%:"=1-#;)% .-='7% *$;#P% $*% 0.)% 1##'% :=))$1-#% *=% )##%40#*0#"% .'% #""="%

@#*#/*#@% pE)*%.3*#"%.'%#(#'*%4.)%"#:#.*#@% *0#%3=--=4$'7%R#.")P%.'@%)=%$3% *0#%-=/.-%="7.'$C#")%

*==6%$'*=%/=')$@#".*$='%:"#($=E)%-#."'$'7%="%'=*>%]*%/.;#%=E*%*0.*%*0#%eE#)*$='%$)%@=E1-#8)$@#@>

_'%*0#%='#%0.'@P%*0#"#%."#%:"=1-#;)%):#/$3$/%=3%*0#%-=/.*$='%40#"#%*0#%#(#'*%0.)%1##'%0#-@P%

)E/0%.)%-=7$)*$/8"#-.*#@%.):#/*)P%.//=;;=@.*$=')P%:0R)$/.-%):./#)%i)=/$.-%."#.)P%.(.$-.1$-$*R%=3%

:=4#"%:=$'*)%.'@%=*0#"%3./$-$*$#)P%#*/>jP%]'*#"'#*%.//#))P%($).)%.'@%*".(#-%$))E#)P%-=/.-%/=)*E;#)P%

/E-*E"#% .'@% .**$*E@#>% U0#% )=-E*$='% =3% *0#)#% 6$'@% =3% #""=")% $)% :"=1-#;.*$/% 1#/.E)#% *0#R% ."#%

"#-.*#@%*=%*0#%/0=)#'%-=/.*$='%.'@%0.)%*=%1#%"#($)#@%#(#"R%*$;#>%U.6#P%.)%.'%#f*"#;#%#f.;:-#P%

*0#% :"=1-#;% =3% *0#% *#;:#".*E"#g% .3*#"% 2$6$;.'$.% GHHY %.% E)#"% )$7'.--#@% *0#% :"=1-#;% =3%

;$))$'7% .$"% /='@$*$='$'7%1#/.E)#% *0#"#%4#"#% *==% 0=*% iT3">% $@>%Y %=3% mT=@$3$#@d9.*.Injh %.3*#"%

2$6$;.'$.%GHHN%.'%.**#'@##%)E77#)*#@%*=%m6/5&)2+.&)18&)/,.)0#"',1,#","(),2)"#1)2&1)1##)0#%'n%

i$@>%NNjh %.1=E*%2$6$;.'$.% GHIHP %.% E)#"% ).$@% *0.*% m@8&) %/05) #3) /,.) 0#"',1,#","() $/2) /) *,()

3/,%+.&n%i$@>%IWLj> %U0#% .::."#'*% $'.1$-$*R% =3% *0#% -=/.-% ="7.'$C#")% *=% )=-(#% *0#)#%:"=1-#;)% $)%

0=4#(#"% /=E'*#"1.-.'/#@% 1R% *0#% 2$6$;#@$.% 0#.@eE."*#")P% 40$/0% @#*#/*#@% *0#% )$7'.-#@%

I]'%*0#%F**./0;#'*%mT=@$3$#@d9.*.nP%.--%*0#%#f*"./*)%."#%="@#"#@%.'@%-.1#-#@%.//="@$'7%*=%.%

:"=7"#))$(#%E'$eE#%$@#'*$3$/.*$='%'E;1#">%!"=;%'=4%='P%"#3#"#'/#)%*=%.%):#/$3$/%#f*"./*%."#%;.@#%4$*0%

*0#%@$/*$='%m$@>n%3=--=4#@%1R%*0#%$@#'*$3$/.*$='%'E;1#">

N

Page 11: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

:"=1-#;)%.'@%*"$#@%*=%:"#(#'*%*0#;%*0"=E70%*0#%1$@%pE@7$'7%/"$*#"$.%3="%*0#%-=/.*$='%)#-#/*$='%

iT3">%$@>%GLGj>

_'% *0#% =*0#"% 0.'@P% *0#"#% ."#% E'$(#").-% :"=1-#;)% *0.*% ."#% "#-.*#@% *=% .):#/*)% )E/0% .)% *0#%

:"=7".;% .'@% *0#% /='*#'*)% =3% *0#% #(#'*P% ="% ;="#% 7#'#".-% $))E#)% '=*% -$'6#@% *=% *0#% ):#/$3$/%

-=/.*$='>%F'%#;1-#;.*$/%#f.;:-#%$)%*0#%='#%=3%"#;=*#%:."*$/$:.*$='>%9E"$'7%2$6$;.'$.%GHHY%

*0#%.E@$=%)*"#.;$'7%=3%*0#%;.$'%/='3#"#'/#)%4#"#%)#*%E:%.'@%.%E)#"%)$7'.-#@%*0.*%mA%18#+(8)

18&)/+',#)21.&/62)$&.&)&B1.&6&%9)(##';)18&9)$&.&)"#1)$,'&%9)/'7&.1,2&')*&3#.&8/"';).&2+%1,"()

,")%#$)%,21&"&.)3,(+.&2)CDE:FEGni$@>%WnjP%.'@%.'=*0#"%='#%)E77#)*#@%*0.*%mH1)$#+%')*&)(##'),3)

/%%)-.&2&"1/1,#"2)1#)*&)+2&')$&.&)/%2#)8#21&')#"%,"&;)2#)18#2&)/1)8#6&)0#+%')2&&)$8/1)18#2&),")

18&)8/%%2)$&.&)2&&,"(n> %U0#%3=--=4$'7%R#.")P%/=;:-.$')%.1=E*% "#;=*#%:."*$/$:.*$='%4.)%)*$--%

*0#"#P% 1E*% *0#R% ;=(#@% *=4."@)% @$33#"#'*% .):#/*)% )E/0% .)g% .% /"$*$eE#% =3% *0#% eE.-$*R% =3% *0#%

"#7$)*".*$='%$'%GHHO%i$@>%LHjP %*0#%)$7'.-#@%:"=1-#;%*0.*%"#7$)*".*$=')%)0=E-@%1#%.(.$-.1-#%='8

@#;.'@% c'=*% ='-R% $'% )*"#.;$'7c% 1#/.E)#% =3% *$;#% C='#% :"=1-#;)% i$@>%YXj %$'% GHHXP %.'@% *0#%

/"$*$eE#%.1=E*%E)$'7%:"=:"$#*."R%)*.'@."@)%$'%GHIH>%F*%*0#%).;#%*$;#P%#($@#'/#%=3%*0#%)=-E*$='%

=3%:"#($=E)-R%)$7'.-#@%:"=1-#;)%4#"#%"#7$)*#"#@P%4$*0%/=;;#'*)%)E/0%.)%mH)','"I1)/11&"')*+1)

$/108&') 18&)21.&/6,"(J)K/"9)0#"(./1+%/1,#"2) 1#) 18#2&) ,"7#%7&')$,18) 18/1L)M+/%,19)$/2)7&.9)

(##')/"') .&/%:1,6&)0+11,"()*&1$&&")7,&$2)6/'&)-.&2&"1/1,#"2)7&.9)7,2+/%%9)/--&/%,"(n%i$@>%

INYj>

]'%/='/-E)$='P%@#):$*#%*0#%.1$-$*R%="%'=*%*=%/=;:-#*#-R%)=-(#%*0#%:"=1-#;%*0.*%$)%@$)/E))#@%-.*#"%

='P%4#%/.'%).R%*0.*%*0#"#%$)%#($@#'/#%=3%.%:"=/#))%=3%-#."'$'7%7=$'7%='%3"=;%R#."%*=%R#."P%.%

:"=/#))% /0."./*#"$C#@% 1R% *0#% :#/E-$."% )*"E/*E"#% =3% 2$6$;.'$.g% .'% $'*#"'.*$='.-% #(#'*%

="7.'$C#@%#(#"R%R#."%$'%.%@$33#"#'*%-=/.*$='%."=E'@%*0#%4="-@P%1R%.%/=;:-#*#-R%@$33#"#'*%1E'/0%

=3%:#=:-#%/=''#/*#@%*0"=E70%*0#%)*"='70=-@%=3%*0#%2$6$;#@$.%!=E'@.*$='%0#.@eE."*#")>

;)@"44#,-0L)<#-%0)",)M,"7%&8.&

U0#%;$))$='% =3% *0#%2$6$;#@$.% 3=E'@.*$='% $)% *=% m&6-#$&.) /"') &"(/(&) -&#-%&) /.#+"') 18&)

$#.%') 1#) 0#%%&01) /"') '&7&%#-) &'+0/1,#"/%) 0#"1&"1) +"'&.) /) 3.&&) %,0&"2&) #.) ,") 18&) -+*%,0)

'#6/,";)/"')1#)',22&6,"/1&),1)&33&01,7&%9)/"')(%#*/%%9nIP%.'@%.--%*0#%*0$'7)%$*%@=#)%."#%"#-.*#@%

*=% *0#% 1E$-@$'7% .'@% @$33E)$='% =3% 6'=4-#@7#>% ]*% $)% )=% "#.)='.1-R% :"#)E;.1-#% *0.*% *0#"#% $)% .%

/#"*.$'%:"#@$):=)$*$='%.'@%.1$-$*RP%.;='7%*0#%2$6$;#@$.%/=;;E'$*RP%*=4."@)%*0#%.@=:*$='%=3%

:"./*$/#)% E)#@% *=% 3=)*#"% *0#% 1E$-@$'7% .'@% *".')3#""$'7% =3% 6'=4-#@7#P% .-)=% $'% *0#% 3$#-@% =3%

="7.'$C$'7%*0#%2$6$;.'$.%#(#'*)>%F/*E.--RP%3"=;%*0#%.'.-R)$)%=3%*0#%7.*0#"#@%@.*.%*0"##%;.$'%

:"./*$/#)%4#"#%$@#'*$3$#@>

I'(()*++,-.-/01-2345612(-46"478+,-.-+9-::-46;:(2(0/06(

W

Page 12: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

U0#%:"./*$/#%=3%meE#)*$='$'7%*0#%/=;;E'$*R%3="%#""=")n%$)%#($@#'*%)$'/#%*0#%3$")*%2$6$;.'$.%

GHHYP %4$*0% *0#% /"#.*$='% =3%4$6$% :.7#)% $'*"=@E/#@% 1R% )#'*#'/#)% -$6#% *0$)g%N4,5,6/",/) OEEP)

$/2)(.&/1;)*+1)$&I.&)21,%%)%&/.","(J)48/1)$&)$/"1)1#)5"#$),2Q)','),1)%&/7&)/"918,"()#+1R)4/2)

18&.&) 2#6&18,"() ,") 18&) 7&"+&;) 2-&/5&.2S18&6&2;) .##6) %/9#+1;) &M+,-6&"1;) 3/0,%,1,&2; )

/00#66#'/1,#";) 3##')&10J) 18/1)9#+)$#+%')8/7&)%,5&'),1) 1#)8/7&)*+1)','"I1R)4&.&)9#+.)"&&'2)

0/1&.&') 3#.)-.#-&.%9R)H")28#.1;)$#+%')9#+)8/7&)'#"&)/"918,"()',33&.&"1%9R)A"')$8/1)$/2) ,1)

%,5&)3#.)-&#-%&)$8#)$&.&"I1)18&.&RT%i$@%Ij>%B$;$-."%:.7#)%4$*0%.-;=)*%*0#%).;#%$'*"=@E/*$='%

4#"#% /"#.*#@% .3*#"% #(#"R% #(#'*% i$@>%GHP%LLP %NOP%ILMP%ILLj> %5="#=(#"P% $'% GHHN %.'@% GHHW %.%

)E"(#R%4.)%/='@E/*#@%$'%="@#"%*=%eE#)*$='%*0#%.**#'@##%;="#%#f:-$/$*-R%i$@>%WXP%GMYj>

F%)#/='@%/=;;='-R%E)#@%:"./*$/#%$)%*0.*%=3%m)*$;E-.*#%)#-38/"$*$eE#%.'@%@#1.*#n>%]*%/=E-@%1#%

#f:-.$'#@%1R% *0#% 3=--=4$'7%#f.;:-#%.1=E*% .% -=/.-%="7.'$C#"%=3%2$6$;.'$.%GHHX %40=P%='/#%

E'@#")*==@% .'% #""="% 0#% /=;;$**#@P% 0#% 4"=*#% mU#$) 0/") 18&) V#0/%) ,"3#.6/1,#") 2&01,#") *&)

,6-.#7&')3#.)3+1+.&)4,5,6/",/2R)H)8&%-&')1#)$.,1&)18&)V#0/%),"3#.6/1,#")2&01,#")/"').&/%,?&')

18/1)H)#7&.','),1J)H)-+1)1##)6+08)+""&0&22/.9),"3#.6/1,#")18&.&)*&0/+2&)H)',')"#1)5"#$)$8/1)

19-&) #3) ,"3#.6/1,#") 18&) /+',&"0&)$#+%') "&&') #.) *&) ,"1&.&21&') ,"J) @8,2)6/'&) ,1) ',33,0+%1) 3#.)

1./"2%/1#.2)1#)1./"2%/1&)18&)6/1&.,/%)1#)#18&.)%/"(+/(&2)#")1,6&J)W8#+%')/)21/"'/.')1&6-%/1&)

*&) 0.&/1&') 3#.) 18&) %#0/%) ,"3#.6/1,#") #3) /%%) 3+1+.&) 4,5,6/",/2Rn%i$@> %OIj> %U0#"#% ."#% =*0#"%

#($@#'/#)% =3% *0#)#%6$'@%=3% )#-38/"$*$eE#)P% .'@% @#1.*#% $)% #'/=E".7#@% *0"=E70% *0#% /"#.*$='%=3%

):#/$3$/%)#/*$=')%="%:.7#)>

!$'.--RP%6'=4-#@7#%1E$-@$'7%.'@%*".')3#""$'7%$)%@='#%*0"=E70%*0#%#f:-$/$*%:"./*$/#%=3%m/"#.*#%

0#"$*.7#% .'@% 3=)*#"% /=''#/*$=')n> %_3% /=E")#P% *0#% .**#;:*% *=% -#.(#% .% -#7./R% .'@% /"#.*#% .'@%

@$33E)#%6'=4-#@7#%$)%.%/=')#eE#'/#%.-)=%=3%*0#%*4=%:"#($=E)-R%@#)/"$1#@%:"./*$/#)P%1E*%$*% $)%

)=;#*$;#)%;.@#% #f:-$/$*% .'@% )R)*#;.*$/>% !="% #f.;:-#P% *0#%2$6$;#@$.% !=E'@.*$='% 0#."*$-R%

"#/=;;#'@%*0#%-=/.-%="7.'$C#")%*=%/0#/6%.--%*0#%)E77#)*$=')%;.@#%$'%*0#%R#.")%1#3="#%iT3">%$@%

IGGjP %.'@% /"#.*#)% :.7#)% 3="% *0#% @#/-."#@% :E":=)#% *=% m#.(/",?&) /) 21/"',"() 4,5,6/",/)

0#66,11&&;)1#)-.&2&.7&),"21,1+1,#"/%)5"#$%&'(&)/*#+1).+"","()4,5,6/",/;)8&%-)"&$)*,')1&/62)

(&1)+-)/"').+"","()$8&")18&9)21/.1;)/"').+")/")&33&01,7&)1.,/(&)/31&.)18&9)/.&)'#"&n%i$@>%GMOj>%

_*0#"%#f.;:-#)%."#%*0#%/"#.*$='%=3%/0#/6-$)*)%i$@>%GMXj%.'@%=33$/$.-%7E$@#)%i$@>%GMNP%GMWj%1R%

*0#%!=E'@.*$='P%.'@%=3%E'=33$/$.-%7E$@#)%1R%*0#%/=;;E'$*R%i$@>%GLHj>

]'%/='/-E)$='P%*0#%@.*.%)0=4)%*0.*%40.*%$)%-#."'#@%@E"$'7%.%2$6$;.'$.%#(#'*%$)%*".')3=";#@%

$'*=% 6'=4-#@7#% .'@% *".')3#""#@% $'*=% *0#% 3E*E"#% *0"=E70% *0"##% ;.$'% :"./*$/#)g% eE#)*$='% *0#%

/=;;E'$*R% 3="% #""=")h% )*$;E-.*#% )#-38/"$*$eE#% .'@% @#1.*#h% /"#.*#% 0#"$*.7#% .'@% 3=)*#"%

/=''#/*$=')>

IH

Page 13: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

=-.,*%2)"3)*)!"#$%&'I""(

_'/#% :"=(#@% *0.*% 26$;.'$.% #(#'*)% 7#'#".*#% 6'=4-#@7#P% .'@% *0.*% *0#% /"#.*$='% .'@%

*".')3#""$'7% =3% *0=)#% 6'=4-#@7#% $)% 3=)*#"#@% 1R% )=;#% :"./*$/#)% E)#@% 1R% *0#% 2$6$;#@$.%

!=E'@.*$='% .'@% /=;;E'$*RP% $*% $)% *$;#% *=% .'.-RC#% *0#% '.*E"#% =3% *0.*% -#."'$'7% :"=/#))>%Q=4%

@=#)% $*% .33#/*% *0#% @#/$)$='%;.6$'7% :"=/#))o%F"#% *0#% .))E;:*$=')% E'@#"-R$'7% /E""#'*% ($#4)%

eE#)*$='#@P%.'@%0R:=*0#)#)%.1=E*%1#0.($="%*#)*#@%:E1-$/-Ro

!$")*% =3% .--P% *0#"#% ."#% #($@#'/#)% =3% *0#% .1$-$*R% *=% )=-(#% )$7'.--#@% :"=1-#;% .'@% 3$f% #""=")P%

.(=$@$'7% *0#$"% "#:#*$*$='P% .'@% )=% =3% *0#$"% $'/-E)$='% .'@% #(.-E.*$='% $'% 3=--=4$'7% @#/$)$='%

;.6$'7%:"=/#))#)>%U0#%.-"#.@R%;#'*$='#@%:"=1-#;)%"#-.*#@%*=%-=/.*$='8):#/$3$/%$))E#)%4.)'k*%

)=-(#@% 1R% *0#% -=/.-% ="7.'$C.*$='P% 1E*% *0#% 2$6$;#@$.% !=E'@.*$='% *"$#@% *=% :"#(#'*% *0#;%

#'0.'/$'7%*0#%1$@%pE@7$'7%/"$*#"$.%i$@>%GLGj>%B=P%*4=%-#(#-)%=3%-#."'$'7%."#%$'%:-./#g%$3%='%*0#%

='#%0.'@%*0#%-=/.-%="7.'$C#")%3.$-#@%*=%)=-(#%*0#%:"=1-#;)%.)%*0#R%4#"#%)$7'.--#@%$'%:"#($=E)%

R#."P%3.--$'7%$'*=%.%)$'7-#8-==:%;=@#-h%='%*0#%=*0#"%0.'@%*0#%2$6$;#@$.%!=E'@.*$='%4.)%.1-#%

*=%7=%='#%)*#:%1./6%.'@%eE#)*$='%*0#%E'@#"-R$'7%7=(#"'$'7%(."$.1-#)%qB##%!$7E"#Ir>

!$7E"#I%8%U4=%-#(#-)%=3%-#."'$'7

B=E"/#g%.E*0="k)%"#8.@.:*.*$='%3"=;%F7R"$)%iIWWWjP%ON

B#/='@-RP%*0#"#%."#%.-)=%@.*.%:"=($'7%*0.*%)$7'.-#@%#""=")%4#"#%'=*%.//#:*#@%="%"#/=7'$C#@P%="%

.*% -#.)*% *0#R% 4#"#% ;$'$;$C#@>% !="% #f.;:-#P% .3*#"% 2$6$;.'$.% GHHW % c*0.*P% 4.)% 0#-@% $'%

F"7#'*$'.c% *0#"#%4#"#%/=;:-.$')%.1=E*% *0#%3./*% *0#%.%:."*%=3% *0#%/-=)$'7%/='3#"#'/#%4.)% $'%

B:.'$)0>%U0#%2$6$;#@$.%!=E'@.*$='%).$@g%m4&)/-#%#(,2&)3#.),1;)*+1)$&)$#+%')/%2#)%,5&)1#)%&1)

9#+)5"#$)18/1) 18/1)-/.1)#3) 18&)2-&&08) ,")W-/",28)$/2)',.&01&')1#)/%%) 18&)%#0/%)0##-&./1#.2; )

7#%+"1&&.2) /"') 18&) #.(/",?,"() 1&/6n % iT3">% $@% IMOj> %]'% GHIHP %*0#% )$7'.--#@% :"=1-#;% *0.*%

II

Page 14: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

mU/7,"() X,669I2) 5&9"#1&) 18&)6#.","() /31&.) /) -/.19) -.#*/*%9) $/2"I1) 18&) *&21) /--.#/08) 1#)

1/5&n%i$@>%IOHj%4.)%#f:-$/$*-R%"#p#/*#@%).R$'7%*0.*%$*%$)%mY&11&.)18/")8/7,"().&/%)2&22,#"2nP%.'@%

*0#% /"$*$eE#% .1=E*% 0.($'7% 6#R'=*#)% i$@> %IOMj %4.)% "#p#/*#@% 1R% *0#% /=;;E'$*R% $*)#-3% 4$*0%

/=;;#'*)% )E/0% .)% mH) 18,"5) 5&9"#1&2) q>>>r) $#+%') *&) ,6-#.1/"1) 3#.) 4,5,6/",/) 1#) *&0#6&)

,6-#.1/"1)"#1)#"%9)3#.)4,5,6/",0/2)*+1)/%2#)3#.)-&#-%&)18/1)-&.8/-2)Z+21)%,5&)18&),'&/J)K/9*&)

18,2) 0#+%') &7&") 8&%-) .&0.+,1) "&$) 3/0&2) Q:Gn % i$@> % IOYj> %U=% )E;% E:P% .--% *0#% "#p#/*$='% .'@%

;$'$;$C.*$='%=3%)$7'.-#@%:"=1-#;)%."#%4#--%."7E#@%.'@%)##;%*=%1#%;="#%*0.'%pE)*$3$#@>

]'% *0#%;.p="$*R% =3% *0#% /.)#)P% #""=")% .'@% :"=1-#;)% 0.(#% 1##'% "#/=7'$C#@% .'@% @$)/E))#@>% F%

)$;:-#%1E*%#;1-#;.*$/%#f.;:-#%$)%*0#%='#%=3%*0#%1.@7#)%8%*0#%'.;#%*.7)%E)#@%.;='7%.**#'@##%

$'%="@#"%*=%"#/=7'$)#%#./0%=*0#"g%.3*#"%*0.*%)=;#%:"=1-#;)%$'%"#.@$'7%*0#;%4.)%)$7'.--#@%i$@>%

MOjP%*0#%$))E#%4.)%@$)/E))#@%1R%*0#%/=;;E'$*R%40=%:"=:=)#@%@$33#"#'*%)=-E*$=')%iT3">%$@%MXP%

MNj>%]'%GHHXP%.3*#"%*0.*%)=;#%E)#"%/-.$;#@%*0.*%*0#%E:-=.@%=3%($@#=)%=3%*0#%/='3#"#'/#)%4.)%

*==% )-=4P% .% -=/.-% ="7.'$C#@% "#/=7'$)#@% *0#% #""="% .'@% @$)/E))#@% :=))$1-#% )=-E*$=')%4$*0% *0#%

/=;;E'$*Rg%mH1)'#&2"I1)1/5&)18/1)%#"()1#)'+6-)/)>[)1#)/)8/.')',25)/"')6/5&),1)/7/,%/*%&)#")

18&) $&*J) H3) /"918,"(;) .,-) /) 0#-9) #3) 18&) 21.&/6) /"')6/5&) 18/1) /7/,%/*%&) ,66&',/1&%9J) @8,2)

2921&6)','"I1)$#.5)#+1)7&.9)$&%%)18,2)9&/.J)V&1I2),6-.#7&),1)3#.)"&B1)9&/.)*9)8/7,"()18&)7,'&#)

/7/,%/*%&) 3#.)'#$"%#/')$,18,")DE:\E )6,"+1&2)/31&.) 18&) 1/%5n> %F% -=*%=3%=*0#"% #""=")% $'%;.'R%

3$#-@% 4#"#% "#/=7'$)#@% .'@% @$)/E))#@% .;='7% *0#% /=;;E'$*RP% ;.$'-R% 4$*0% .'% =:#'%;$'@#@%

.**$*E@#>

]'% /='/-E)$='P% *0#"#% $)% #($@#'/#% *0.*% *0#% /.:.1$-$*R% =3% )=-($'7% )$7'.--#@% :"=1-#;)% (."$#)%

.//="@$'7% *=% *0#% 3./*% *0.*% *0#"#% ."#% @$33#"#'*% @#/$)$='%;.6#")% 8 %*0#%2$6$;#@$.% !=E'@.*$='%

0#.@eE."*#")%.'@%@$33#"#'*%-=/.-%="7.'$C#")%#(#"R%*$;#>%Q=4#(#"P%*0#%"#p#/*$='%="%;$))$'7%=3%

)$7'.--#@% #""=")% $)% '=*% )$7'$3$/.'*% .'@% *0#% -#."'$'7% :"=/#))% $)% /0."./*#"$C#@% 1R% .'% =(#".--%

.**$*E@#%*=4."@%@#1.*#P%=:#'%@$)/E))$='%.'@%#(#'%eE#)*$='$'7%=3%/E""#'*%($#4)%.'@%E'@#"-$'7%

7=(#"'$'7%(."$.1-#)>

!A=@D==ACB

F//="@$'7%*=%F"7R"$)%iIWXOjP%#(#'%*0=E70%*0#"#%."#%#($@#'/#%=3%*0#%@=E1-#8-==:%;=@#-%.*%*0#%

#):=E)#@% *0#="R% -#(#-P% *0#% @.*.% ='% *0#="R8$'8E)#% $'@$/.*#% *0.*% ;=)*% 1#0.($="% ;.R% 1#%

/.*#7="$C#@% .)% .::"=f$;.*#-R% *0#% )$'7-#8-==:% ;=@#->% Q=4#(#"P% 0#% #'/=E".7#% 3E"*0#"%

#;:$"$/.-% "#)#."/0% .'@% )E77#)*% *0.*P% E)$'7% 1#**#"% @#3$'#@% /.*#7="$#)P% *0#"#% ;.R% 1#% ;="#%

#($@#'/#%=3%$'@$([email protected])P%7"=E:)P%.'@%="7.'$C.*$=')%3.--$'7%$'*=%*0#%@=E1-#8-==:%;=@#->%U0$)%$)%

*0#%@$"#/*$='%E'@#"*.6#'%1R%*0#%:"#)#'*%"#)#."/0>

IG

Page 15: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

!$")*%=3%.--P%*0#%/.)#%)*E@R%3=/E)#@%*0#%.**#'*$='%='%*0#%-#."'$'7%:"=/#))%=3%*0#%="7.'$C.*$='%=3%

"#-.*#@%:#"$=@$/.-%#(#'*)>%U0#%"=-#%=3%-#."'$'7P%*0.*%$)%*0#%@#*#/*$='P%/=""#/*$='%.'@%:"#(#'*$='%

=3%#""=")P%$)%/0."./*#"$)#@%$'%*0#%2$6$;.'$.%/.)#%1R%*0#%:#/E-$."%)*"E/*E"#%=3%$*)%="7.'$C.*$='g%

.'% $'*#"'.*$='.-% #(#'*% ="7.'$C#@% #(#"R% R#."% $'% .% @$33#"#'*% -=/.*$='% ."=E'@% *0#% 4="-@% 1R% .%

@$33#"#'*%7"=E:%=3%-=/.-%="7.'$C#")P%4$*0%*0#%/=="@$'.*$'7%"=-#%=3%*0#%2$6$;#@$.%!=E'@.*$='>%

U0$)% )*"E/*E"#% ;.6#)% *0#% @#/$)$='% ;.6$'7% :"=/#))% =:#".*#% ='% *4=% @$33#"#'*% -#(#-)P% .'@% $'%

"#-.*$=')0$:%4$*0%.%*0$"@%='#g%*0#%2$6$;#@$.%3=E'@.*$='%='%.%)*".*#7$/%.'@%@$"#/*$(#%@#/$)$='%

-#(#-h% *0#% .''E.-% -=/.-% ="7.'$C.*$='% ='% .% ;="#% =:#".*$(#% @#/$)$='% -#(#-h% *0#% 2$6$;.'$.%

/=;;E'$*R%40=%.**#'@#@% *0#%#(#'*)%.)% *0#%;.p="% )=E"/#%=3%#'($"=';#'*.-% 3##@1./6%='% *0#%

@#/$)$='k)%#33#/*>

U0#%.1$-$*R%=3%7.*0#"$'7%(.-$@%$'3=";.*$='%.'@%*0#%"#-.*$=')0$:%1#*4##'%-#."'$'7%:"=/#))%.'@%

*0#%#33#/*$(#'#))%=3%@#/$)$='%;.6$'7P%$'%*0#%/.)#%=3%2$6$;.'$.%#(#'*%)#"$#)P%$)%1.)#@%='%*0#%

@#(#-=:;#'*% =3% .% )#*% =3% :"./*$/#)% ="$#'*#@% *=% 3=)*#"% *0#% /"#.*$='% .'@% *".')3#""$'7% =3%

6'=4-#@7#>%U0=)#%:"./*$/#)%."#%1.)#@%='% *0#% $'*#":-.R%=3% *0#% *0"##% -#(#-)%;#'*$='#@%.1=(#%

.'@%.--=4)%*=%7=%1#R='@%.%)$'7-#8-==:%;=@#-P%3=)*#"$'7%*0#%.@=:*$='%=3%.%@=E1-#8-==:%;=@#->%

]'@##@P%#(#'%*0=E70%*0#%'.*E"#%=3%*0#%/.:.1$-$*R%*=%)=-(#%)$7'.--#@%:"=1-#;)%(."$#)%.//="@$'7%

*=%*0#%3./*%*0.*%*0#"#%."#%@$33#"#'*%@#/$)$='%;.6#")P%*0#%-#."'$'7%:"=/#))%$'%2$6$;.'$.%#(#'*%

)#"$#)% $)% /0."./*#"$C#@% 1R% .'% =(#".--% .**$*E@#% *=4."@% @#1.*#P% =:#'% @$)/E))$='% .'@% #(#'%

eE#)*$='$'7%=3%/E""#'*%($#4)%.'@%E'@#"-$'7%7=(#"'$'7%(."$.1-#)%c%#f:-$/$*%)$7'.-)%=3%@=E1-#8

-==:>

&'3="*E'.*#-RP%*0#%-$;$*.*$=')%=3%*0#%:"#)#'*%"#)#."/0%@='k*%.--=4%*=%E'@#")*.'@%40#*0#"%*0#%

@=E1-#8-==:%3=)*#"$'7%#33#/*%=3%*0=)#%:"./*$/#)%$)%@E#%*=%*0#%:"./*$/#)%*0#;)#-(#)P%*=%*0#%;="#%

7#'#".-%6'=4-#@7#81E$-@$'78-$6#%'.*E"#%=3%*0#%2$6$;#@$.%!=E'@.*$='P%="%*=%.'R%=*0#"%3./*=">%

B=P% *0#%0R:=*0#)$)% *0.*%*0#%;E-*$8-#(#-%@#/$)$='%)*"E/*E"#%=3%2$6$;.'$.%$)%.%/0.'/#%*=%.(=$@%

1.""$#")%*=%@=E1-#8-==:%-#."'$'7%/.''=*%1#%.@(.'/#@>

]'%/='/-E)$='P%*0#%.'.-RC#@%/.)#%)*E@R%$)%.%)=E'@%#f.;:-#%=3%.'%="7.'$C.*$='%3.--$'7%$'*=%*0#%

@=E1-#8-==:% ;=@#-% .'@P% 1#/.E)#% =3% *0#% :#/E-$."$*R% =3% *0#% @#/$)$='% ;.6$'7% :"=/#))% .'@%

-#."'$'7% :"./*$/#)% *0.*% 0.)% 1##'% $@#'*$3$#@P% *0#% :.:#"% 7$(#)% $;:="*.'*% /='*"$1E*#)% .'@%

)E77#)*$='%.1=E*%:=))$1-#%3E"*0#"%#;:$"$/.-%"#)#."/0%$'%*0#%3$#-@%=:#'#@%1R%F"7R"$)%$'%IWXO>

@CB@ID=ACB

U0#% .@(.'*.7#)% =3% .% @=E1-#8-==:% -#."'$'7% :"=/#))#)% -$#% $'% $*)% :"=:#"*R% *=% .--=4% .% ;="#%

#33#/*$(#%@#/$)$='%;.6$'7>%U0$)%:.:#"%.')4#")%F"7R"$)k%/-.$;%3="%3E"*0#"%"#)#."/0P%=1*.$'$'7%

@$"#/*-R%=1)#"(.1-#%@.*.%.1=E*%*0#%.@=:*$='%=3%)$'7-#8-==:%(#")E)%@=E1-#8-==:%;=@#-)>%

IM

Page 16: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

]'%@=$'7%)=P%$*%):"#.@)%-$70*)%='%*0#%"#-#(.'/#%=3%*0#%@#(#-=:;#'*%=3%:"./*$/#)%.1-#%*=%eE#)*$='%

*0#% E'@#"-R$'7% (.-E#% .'@% .))E;:*$=')% .'@% *=% 7=% 1#R='@% *0#% @#/$)$='8;.6$'7% 7=(#"'$'7%

(."$.1-#)>%U0#%:#/E-$."%)*"E/*E"#%=3%*0#%.'.-RC#@%="7.'$C.*$='P%1.)#@%='%*0#%$'*#":-.R%=3%)$'7-#%

$'*#"'.*$='.-% 0#.@eE."*#")%4$*0% @$33#"#'*% -=/.-% =:#".*=")P% $'3-E#'/#)% *0=)#% :"./*$/#)% .'@% *0#%

'.*E"#%=3%*0#%/=')#eE#'*%-#."'$'7%:"=/#))P%*0.*%$)%/0."./*#"$C#@%1R%.'%=(#".--%.**$*E@#%*=4."@%

@#1.*#P% =:#'% @$)/E))$='% .'@% #(#'% eE#)*$='$'7% =3% /E""#'*% ($#4)g% .--% #f:-$/$*% )$7'.-)% =3% .%

@=E1-#8-==:%;=@#->

F% 1$7% -$;$*.*$='% =3% *0#% :"#)#'*% "#)#."/0% $)% *0.*% $*% @=#)'k*% .--=4% *=% E'@#")*.'@%40#*0#"% *0#%

@=E1-#8-==:%3=)*#"$'7%#33#/*%=3%*0#%$@#'*$3$#@%:"./*$/#)%$)%@E#%*=%*0#%:"./*$/#)%*0#;)#-(#)P%*=%

*0#% ;="#% 7#'#".-% 6'=4-#@7#81E$-@$'78-$6#% '.*E"#% =3% *0#%2$6$;#@$.% !=E'@.*$='P% ="% *=% .'R%

=*0#"%3./*=">%F@@$*$='.-%-$;$*.*$=')P%"#-.*#@%*=%*0#%#f*#"'.-%(.-$@$*R%=3%*0#%"#)#."/0P%."#%*0=)#%

/='/#"'$'7% *0#% ;#*0=@=-=7Rg% ='-R% :"$;."R% @.*.% )=E"/#)% 0.)% 1##'% E)#@% .'@% )*"$/*-R% *$;#%

/=')*".$'*)%-$;$*#@%*0#%@#:*0%=3%*0#%@.*.%.'.-R)$)>

!E*E"#% "#)#."/0% /=E-@% *"R% *=% =(#"/=;#% *0=)#% -$;$*.*$=')P% 3="% #f.;:-#% -==6$'7% .*% .@@$*$='.-%

@.*.%)=E"/#)P%="%7=$'7%@##:#"%$'*=%*0#%"#-.*$=')0$:%1#*4##'%*0#%@#(#-=:;#'*%=3%:"./*$/#)%.'@%

*0#$"% .1$-$*R% *=% 3=)*#"% @=E1-#8-==:% -#."'$'7>% !E"*0#";="#P% *0#% 0R:=*0#)$)% *0.*% .% ;E-*$8-#(#-%

@#/$)$='8;.6$'7%)*"E/*E"#%)0=E-@%1#%.%/0.'/#%*=%.(=$@%1.""$#")%*=%@=E1-#8-==:%-#."'$'7%/.'%1#%

*#)*#@>

?HNH?HB@H=

% F--$)='P% ?>U> % iIWXIj> %]22&"0&) #3) >&0,2,#"Q) ]B-%/,","() 18&) <+*/") K,22,%&)

<.,2,2>%,=)*='P%5.))>g%D$**-#%,"=4'

% F"7R"$)P%T>%iIWOOj>%W#6&)</+2&2)#3)^.(/",?/1,#"/%)H"&33&01,7&"&22)$,18,")18&)

>&-1J) #3) W1/1&>%T#'*#"% 3="% ]'*#"'.*$='.-% BR)*#;%^#)#."/0)P%_//.)$='.-% <.:#"%

K=>%G

% F"7R"$)P% T> % iIWXHj> %H"1&.7&"1,#") @8&#.9) /"') K&18#'>% ^#.@$'7P% 5.))>g%

F@@$)='82#)-#R>

% F"7R"$)P%T>%iIWXGj>%>#)-&.2#"/%)(.#$18)%/*#./1#.,&2).&-.&2&"1)/")/%1&."/1,7&)

0+%1+.&R>%\=E"'.-%=3%F::-$#@%,#0.($=".-%B/$#'/#P%Ng%X8GN

% F"7R"$)P% T> % iIWXOj> %W,"(%&:%##-) /"') '#+*%&:%##-) 6#'&%2) ,") .&2&/.08) #")

'&0,2,#")6/5,"(>%F@;$'$)*".*$(#%B/$#'/#%`E."*#"-RP%GIiMjg%MOM8MXY

% F"7R"$)P% T>h %B/0='P% 9> % iIWXLj> %@8&#.9) ,") -./01,0&Q) H"0.&/2,"() -.#3&22,#"/%)

&33&01,7&"&22>%B.'%!".'/$)/=g%\=))#R%,.))

IL

Page 17: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

% F"7R"$)P%T>h %B/0='P%9>%iIWXNj> %^.(/",?/1,#"/%) V&/.","(Q) A) 18&#.9) #3) /01,#")

-&.2-&01,7&>% ^#.@$'7%5Fg%F@@$)='82#)-#R

% ?#="7#P%F>%iIWXMj> %@8&)0/2&)3#.)6+%1,-%&)/'7#0/09),")6/5,"()3#.&,(")-#%,09>%

F;#"$/.'%<=-$*$/.-%B/$#'/#%^#($#4P%Dtu]g%XYI8XNY

% 5$-#)P% 5>,>h %QE1#";.'P% F>5> % iIWNLj> %_+/%,1/1,7&) >/1/) A"/%92,2Q) A)

W#+.0&*##5)#3)`&$)K&18#'2>%K#41E"R%<."6P%TFg%B.7#

% 5=R'$0.'P%9><>%iIWXGj>%<#-,"(>%K#4%a="6g%^.'@=;%Q=E)#

% K#E)*.@*P%iIWXHj

% <"#));.'% \>D>h %2$-@.()6R% F> % iIWXMj> %H6-%&6&"1/1,#">% ,."6#-#RP% TFg%

&'$(#")$*R%=3%T.-$3="'$.%<"#))

% 2#'7#"P%Z>h %B'R@#"P%2>%iGHHHj> %<#66+",1,&2)#3)-./01,0&Q) 18&)#.(/",?/1,#"/%)

3.#"1,&.>%Q."(."@%,E)$'#))%^#($#4%i\.'E."R8!#1"E."R%GHHHjP%IMW8ILY

% 2#'7#"P% Z*$#''#h%5/9#";=**P% ^$/0."@h% BR'@#"P% ^$/0."@% iGHHGj> %<+%1,7/1,"()

<#66+",1,&2) #3) =./01,0&Q) A) a+,'&) 1#) K/"/(,"() !"#$%&'(&) : )W&7&")

=.,"0,-%&2)3#.)<+%1,7/1,"()<#66+",1,&2)#3)=./01,0&>%,=)*='g% Q."(."@%

,E)$'#))%B/0==-%<"#))>%::>%IHXcIMO

IY

Page 18: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

!" #$%&' ()"% *&+),-.&' #/',.0' 1)2,0%3,!-.,45

1%0)&".,46.'% 7)'%8

9 :;<==>6# 9?9

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

F:!@!-.&!.G<==>GH.8GI,%.'JGK2'GH%L,%G8'!MMGM%.,&!&I?G:C.'GH%

H.&'G')G@&)HG!8NG"!"G!'GM%.$%G.&4'C!&IG)2'OG:.8G'C%,%

8)-%'C!&IG!&G'C%G$%&2%JG8P%.@%,85'C%-%8JG,))-GM.4)2'J

%D2!P-%&'JG+.0!M!'!%8JG.00)--)".'!)&JG+))"G%'0?G'C.'G4)2GH)2M"

C.$%GM!@%"G!'G')GC.$%GK2'G"!"&L'OG:%,%G4)2,G&%%"8G0.'%,%"G+),

P,)P%,M4OG*&G8C),'JGH)2M"G4)2GC.$%G")&%G.&4'C!&IG"!++%,%&'M4O

Q&"GHC.'GH.8G!'GM!@%G+),GP%)PM%GHC)GH%,%&L'G'C%,%OF

*-P,)$!&IG:;<==>G*&',)GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5*-P,)$!&IR)&R:!@!-.&!.R<==>3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==>

< :;<==>6# <?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*'GH)2M"GK%G!"%.MG+),G%$%,4G8%88!)&G')GK%G,%0),"%"G.&"

-%-),!.M!T%"G+),G'C%G+2'2,%?G;.&4G)+G'C%G!&'%,%8'!&IG'C!&I8

0.-%G"2,!&IG'C%G8-.MM%,G8%88!)&8?F

*-P,)$!&IG:;<==>GU3,)I,.-R0)&'%&'GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5*-P,)$!&IR)&R:!@!-.&!.R<==>U3,)I,.-R0)&'%&'3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==>

V :;<==>6# <?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FW%4&)'%8NGXC%8%GH%,%G'))GM)&IF*-P,)$!&IG:;<==>GU3,)I,.-R0)&'%&'GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5*-P,)$!&IR)&R:!@!-.&!.R<==>U3,)I,.-R0)&'%&'3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==>

Y :;<==>6# <?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FZ,%.@8NGXC%8%G&%%"G')GK%G!&G'C%G80C%"2M%?G6)&L'G.882-%

-)"%,.'),8GH!MMG%&"G'C%!,G8%88!)&G!&G'!-%G+),GP%)PM%G')G-)$%G')

'C%G&%/'G)&%?

:%G&%%"G')GC.$%G'C%GC.MM8G+),G.'GM%.8'G'H)G".48GK%+),%C.&"G')

,2&G'C,)2ICG.GP,.0'!0%G,2&GH!'CG%.0CG8P%.@%,JG')G0),,%0'G'C%-

)&G.&4G)+G'C%!,G%,,),8JG-.@%G82,%G'C%4GC.$%G%$%,4'C!&I

P,%P.,%"JG'C%!,G8P%%0CG!8GH!'C!&G'C%G'!-%M!&%JG%'0?F

*-P,)$!&IG:;<==>GU3,)I,.-R0)&'%&'GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5*-P,)$!&IR)&R:!@!-.&!.R<==>U3,)I,.-R0)&'%&'3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==>

> :;<==>6# <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FQ!,G()&"!'!)&!&I[[[[G),G\%.'%,G!+GH%L,%G!&G'C%G8)2'C%,&

C%-!8PC%,%F

*-P,)$!&IG:;<==>GU]%&2%GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5*-P,)$!&IR)&R:!@!-.&!.R<==>U]%&2%3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==>

^ :;<==>6# <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F;4G+.$),!'%GPM.0%GH.8G'C%G)2'")),G0)2,'4.,"GHC%,%G!'G8%%-%"

&.'2,.MG+),GP%)PM%G')G_28'GI%'G')I%'C%,G.&"GC.&IG)2'?GXC%G-)8'

"!8.PP)!&'!&IGH.8G'C%G8!'%G)+G'C%G1.'2,".4GP.,'4?G:%G0)2M"

C.$%G%&"2,%"G'C%G0)-PM!0.'!)&8G)+G)+G+!&"!&IG'C%GPM.0%JGK2'

8)-%G)+G28G.,%&L'G'))G'C,!MM%"G.K)2'GM)2"G-28!0G.&"G0)M)2,%"

M!IC'!&IG!&G.GKM.0@`P.!&'%"G".&0%GC.MMGH!'CGM!-!'%"G8%.'!&I?G*'

H.8&L'G2&'!MG*GH%&'G")H&8'.!,8GH!'CG.G+%HG)'C%,8G')G8!'G.'G.G'.KM%J

",!&@GK%%,G.&"GC.&IG)2'G!&G,%M.'!$%GD2!%'G'C.'G*GK%I.&G')G%&_)4

'C%G%$%&!&I?G#0M%0'!0)M)I4G=9N<aJGVGb0')K%,G<==>GBSX(EF

*-P,)$!&IG:;<==>GU]%&2%GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5*-P,)$!&IR)&R:!@!-.&!.R<==>U]%&2%3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==>

c :;<==>6# <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F:!,%M%88G!&'%,&%'GH.8GI,%.'JGK2'G.GK!'G)&G.&"G)++G.'G'!-%8G`G0.&

'C!8GK%G!-P,)$%"G)&OF

*-P,)$!&IG:;<==>GUA.0!M!'!%8GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5*-P,)$!&IR)&R:!@!-.&!.R<==>UA.0!M!'!%83,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==>

a :;<==>6# <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FXC%,%G&%%"G')GK%G.GI%&%,)28G&2-K%,G)+G+,%%G!&'%,&%'

'%,-!&.M8?G:%G0.&&)'G!&$!'%G8%$%,.MGP%)PM%G+,)-G"%$%M)P!&I

0)2&',!%8G.&"G'C%&G%/P%0'G'C%-G')GK,!&IG'C%!,G)H&GM.P')P8?F

*-P,)$!&IG:;<==>GUA.0!M!'!%8GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5*-P,)$!&IR)&R:!@!-.&!.R<==>UA.0!M!'!%83,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==>

d :;<==>6# <?V

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FQM'C)2ICG'C%G.2"!)G8',%.-8GH%,%G%/',%-%M4GI))"JG'C%4GH%,%

&)'GH!"%M4G."$%,'!8%"GK%+),%C.&"JG,%82M'!&IG!&GM)HGM!8'%&%,

+!I2,%8GBV=`Y=E?F

*-P,)$!&IG:;<==>GUe%-)'%RP.,'!0!P.'!)&GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5*-P,)$!&IR)&R:!@!-.&!.R<==>Ue%-)'%RP.,'!0!P.'!)&3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==>

9= :;<==>6# <?V

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*'GH)2M"GK%GI))"G!+G.MMGP,%8%&'.'!)&8G')GK%G28%"GH%,%G.M8)

C)8'%"G)&M!&%JG8)G'C)8%G.'GC)-%G0)2M"G8%%GHC.'G'C)8%G!&G'C%

C.MM8GH%,%G8%%!&I?F

*-P,)$!&IG:;<==>GUe%-)'%RP.,'!0!P.'!)&GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5*-P,)$!&IR)&R:!@!-.&!.R<==>Ue%-)'%RP.,'!0!P.'!)&3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==>

99 :;<==>6# V?Vf)0.M

b,I.&!T.'!)&

F7%/'G4%.,JG!+GH%GC.$%G'C%GK.&"H!"'CJG.&"G.GC.,"H!,%"G!&'%,&%'

0)&&%0'!)&G')G'C%G8',%.-!&IG0)-P2'%,8JGH%G0.&G!&"%%"G")

$!"%)GK,)."0.8'!&I[GXC%G)&M4GP,)KM%-G!8G"%0!"!&IGHC)G0.&G.&"

0.&L'GK%GK,)."0.8'%"JG.&"GC)HG'C.'GH!MMGK%GC.&"M%"JGK%0.28%G*

@&)HG8)-%G8P%%0C%8GH%,%G&)'G.MM)H%"G')GK%G,%0),"%"G"2%G')

'C%G&.'2,%G)+G'C%GK.0@I,)2&"G)+G'C.'G8P%.@%,?F

*-P,)$!&IG:;<==>GUe%-)'%RP.,'!0!P.'!)&GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5*-P,)$!&IR)&R:!@!-.&!.R<==>Ue%-)'%RP.,'!0!P.'!)&3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==>

e%+?G')G!"

9=

9< :;<==>6# <?Y

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F6)&L'G28%G.G:!@!G+),G!&'%,&.MG"!80288!)&G.&"G%/'%,&.M

,%P,%8%&'.'!)&G.'G'C%G8.-%G'!-%F

*-P,)$!&IG:;<==>GUI%&%,.MRM%88)&8GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5*-P,)$!&IR)&R:!@!-.&!.R<==>UI%&%,.MRM%88)&8RM%.,&%"3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==>

Attachment1 - Codified_Data

Page 19: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

!" #$%&' ()"% *&+),-.&' #/',.0' 1)2,0%3,!-.,45

1%0)&".,46.'% 7)'%8

9V :;<==>6# <?Y

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F6!8',!K2'%G,%8P)&8!K!M!'4GK2'G"!8',!K2'%G')G8)-%)&%G8P%0!+!0G.&"

&)'G')G8)-%K)"4F

*-P,)$!&IG:;<==>GUI%&%,.MRM%88)&8GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5*-P,)$!&IR)&R:!@!-.&!.R<==>UI%&%,.MRM%88)&8RM%.,&%"3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==>

9Y :;<==>6# <?Y

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F6!8',!K2'%GH),@GK2'G"!8',!K2'%G8)-%'C!&IG8P%0!+!0G.&"G&)'G.&4

C%MPF

*-P,)$!&IG:;<==>GUI%&%,.MRM%88)&8GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5*-P,)$!&IR)&R:!@!-.&!.R<==>UI%&%,.MRM%88)&8RM%.,&%"3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==>

9> :;<==>6# <?Y

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F6)G&)'GK%GI,%%"4G)&G'C%GI2--!K%.,GK2"I%'G!+G4)2GH.&'G.G+2MM4

+2&0'!)&.MG),I.&!8.'!)&G'%.-F

*-P,)$!&IG:;<==>GUI%&%,.MRM%88)&8GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5*-P,)$!&IR)&R:!@!-.&!.R<==>UI%&%,.MRM%88)&8RM%.,&%"3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==>

9^ :;<==>6# <?Y

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FZ%H.,%G)+G'C%GP,%88[G.&"GK%G,%."4G+),G-.88!$%GP,%88

0)$%,.I%F

*-P,)$!&IG:;<==>GUI%&%,.MRM%88)&8GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5*-P,)$!&IR)&R:!@!-.&!.R<==>UI%&%,.MRM%88)&8RM%.,&%"3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==>

9c :;<==>6# <?Y

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FZ%G.H.,%G'C.'G+),G0%,'.!&G_)K8G4)2GH!MMG&%%"GC%MPG+,)-G&)&`

H!@!+!M%GP%)PM%G.&"G8)GF'%.0C!&IFG'C%-G-28'G8'.,'G8))&?F

*-P,)$!&IG:;<==>GUI%&%,.MRM%88)&8GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5*-P,)$!&IR)&R:!@!-.&!.R<==>UI%&%,.MRM%88)&8RM%.,&%"3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==>

9a :;<==>6# <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*&0M2"%G.G$%&2%G-.PGB8C)H!&IG.MMGP%,'!&%&'GY?98GH!'C!&G'C%

$%&2%EGH!'CG'C%G.''%&"%%GH%M0)-%GP.0@?G3)8'G0)P!%8G)+G'C!8

-.PG.,)2&"G'C%G$%&2%?F

*-P,)$!&IG:;<==>GUI%&%,.MRM%88)&8GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5*-P,)$!&IR)&R:!@!-.&!.R<==>UI%&%,.MRM%88)&8RM%.,&%"3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==>

9d :;<==>6# <?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F6)G0M%.,G'C%GP%,-!88!)&8G+),G.MMG)+G'C%G"!80288!)&8GHC%&G4)2

&%I)'!.'%G.,,.&I%-%&'8GH!'CG'C%G8P%.@%,8?G6)&L'GH.!'G2&'!MG.+'%,

'C%G'[email protected]%%&GI!$%&JG'C%G,%0),"!&IG-."%JG.&"G'C%&G',4G')

I%'GP%,-!88!)&?G3%,C.P8G-.@%G!'G0M%.,G'C.'G'C%G'.M@G.&"GghQ

H!MMGK%G,%0),"%"G.&"G"!8',!K2'%"G2&"%,G8)-%G.PP,)P,!.'%

M!0%&8%GB)+G0)2,8%JG"%0!"%GHC.'GM!0%&8%G'C.'G!8G.&"G'%MMG'C%

8P%.@%,GH%MMG.C%."G)+G'!-%G8)G'C%4GC.$%G'!-%G')G,%_%0'G!'G),

82II%8'G.&G.M'%,&.'!$%E?F

*-P,)$!&IG:;<==>GUI%&%,.MRM%88)&8GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5*-P,)$!&IR)&R:!@!-.&!.R<==>UI%&%,.MRM%88)&8RM%.,&%"3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==>

<= :;<===^S1 9?9

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

3)8'G0)&+%,%&0%G0)--%&'8GiG:C.'G"!"G4)2G'C!&@G)+G4)2,

:!@!-.&!.G%/P%,!%&0%OG:C.'G8C)2M"GK%G"!++%,%&'G&%/'G'!-%O

:;<==^S1G3)8'G()&+%,%&0%G()--%&'8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==^?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'R0)&+%,%&0%R0)--%&'83,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==>

<9 :;<===^S1 <?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F;.&4G)+G'C%GP,%8%&'.'!)&8G"!"&L'GC.$%G"%80,!P'!$%G'!'M%8GB%!GFQ

'.M%G)+G'H)GH!@!8FEJG8)G+,)-G'C%GP,)I,.-GI,!"JG!'GH.8GC.,"G')G'%MM

HC!0CG)&%8GH%,%G)+G!&'%,%8'?F

:;<==^S1G3)8'G()&+%,%&0%G()--%&'8GU1%88!)&8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==^?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!53)8'R0)&+%,%&0%R0)--%&'8U1%88!)&83,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==^

<< :;<===^S1 <?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F;)"%,.'),8G&%%"G')GK%G-),%G8',!0'G.K)2'G'!-%`@%%P!&IJ

%8P%0!.MM4G+),G'C%GK,%.@)2'G8%88!)&8GB&)'G.8G!-P),'.&'G+),G'C%

8%88!)&8GHC%,%G%$%,4)&%G!8G')I%'C%,G.&4H.4E?G*'L8G&)'GI))"G')

C.$%G')GH.M@G)2'G)+G.G8%88!)&GK%0.28%G!'L8G)$%,`,2&F

:;<==^S1G3)8'G()&+%,%&0%G()--%&'8GU1%88!)&8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==^?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!53)8'R0)&+%,%&0%R0)--%&'8U1%88!)&83,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==^

<V :;<===^S1 <?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*'GH)2M"GK%G&!0%G!+G'C%GC.M+`M%&I'CG8%88!)&GH%,%G-),%

+),-.M!8%"?G*+G4)2GH%,%G)&M4G!&'%,%8'%"G!&G'C%G+!,8'GC.M+G8%88!)&J

!'G.M-)8'G8%%-%"G,2"%G')G.''%&"G)&%G8%88!)&JG'C%&G.&)'C%,GC.M+

8%88!)&G!&G.&)'C%,G,))-?GQG>G-!&2'%GK,%.@GK%'H%%&G8%88!)&8

-.4GC.$%G-."%G!'G%.8!%,G')G0C.&I%F

:;<==^S1G3)8'G()&+%,%&0%G()--%&'8GU1%88!)&8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==^?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!53)8'R0)&+%,%&0%R0)--%&'8U1%88!)&83,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==^

<Y :;<===^S1 <?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*'G8%%-%"GM!@%GHC%&G'C%,%GH%,%G-2M'!PM%G8%88!)&8G)&G'C%

'%0C&!0.MG',.0@JG'C%,%GH%,%G.MMGC%M"G.'G'C%G8.-%G'!-%?G*'GH)2M"

K%''%,G')G"!8',!K2'%G'C%G',.0@8GK%''%,JG8)GP%)PM%GHC)G.,%

P,!-.,!M4G!&'%,%8'%"G!&G)&%G',.0@G")&L'GC.$%G.8G-.&4G0)&+M!0'8F

:;<==^S1G3)8'G()&+%,%&0%G()--%&'8GU1%88!)&8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==^?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!53)8'R0)&+%,%&0%R0)--%&'8U1%88!)&83,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==^

<> :;<===^S1 V?<f)0.M

b,I.&!T.'!)&

F6)G4)2GC.$%G.G8P%0!+!0G%/.-PM%G)+G'%0C&!0.MG'.M@8G'C.'GH%,%G!&

0)&+M!0'OGH%G',!%"G,%.MM4GC.,"G')G8%P.,.'%G)2'G'C%G',.0@8JG8)G*L-

!&'%,%8'%"G!&GHC.'G0)&+M!0'%"?GXC.&@8[F

:;<==^S1G3)8'G()&+%,%&0%G()--%&'8GU1%88!)&8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==^?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!53)8'R0)&+%,%&0%R0)--%&'8U1%88!)&83,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==^

e%+?G')GG!"

<Y

Page 20: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

!" #$%&' ()"% *&+),-.&' #/',.0' 1)2,0%3,!-.,45

1%0)&".,46.'% 7)'%8

<^ :;<===^S1 Y?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*G82II%8'%"G')G7!0C.MPG'C.'G'C%G:!@!P%"!.&8G!&G*&"!.G8C)2M"

.''%-P'G')GC)8'G:!@!-.&!.G'C%,%G&%/'G4%.,JGK,!&I!&IG'C%

0)&+%,%&0%G')G4%'G.&)'C%,G0)&'!&%&'GhG.MM)H!&IG'C!8G%-%,I!&I

'%0C&)M)I4GP)H%,G')G8C!&%?G\%G8%%-%"G)$%,HC%M-%"GK4G'C%

!"%.GhG0M.!-%"G'C.'G'C%G-%-K%,8C!PG")H&G'C%,%G!8G'))

"!8P%,8%"JGK2'GP%,C.P8G8)-%)&%G%M8%G+,)-G'C.'G0)2&',4GH!MMGK%

!&'%,%8'%"?F

:;<==^S1G3)8'G()&+%,%&0%G()--%&'8GUM)0.'!)&GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==^?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!53)8'R0)&+%,%&0%R0)--%&'8UM)0.'!)&3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==^

<c :;<===^S1 Y?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*GP%,8)&.MM4G+%%MG'C.'G:!@!-.&!.G8C)2M"G&)'GK%GC%M"G!&G.,)2&"

1!M!0)&G].MM%4?G3%)PM%GM!$!&IG'C%,%GI%'G')GK%GL!&G'C%GM))PL

0)&8'.&'M4G.M,%."4?G*L"G82II%8'GA,.&0%G),G3)M.&"GH!'CGC.$%G'C%

V,"G.&"GY'CGM.,I%8'GLP%"!.8G!&G'C%!,GM.&I2.I%?F

:;<==^S1G3)8'G()&+%,%&0%G()--%&'8GUM)0.'!)&GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==^?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!53)8'R0)&+%,%&0%R0)--%&'8UM)0.'!)&3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==^

<a :;<===^S1 Y?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*GP%,8)&.MM4G82II%8'G'C.'G'C%G&%/'G:!@!-.&!.G()&+%,%&0%

8C)2M"GK%GC%M"G!&GX208)&GQ,!T)&.?GQM'C)2ICG8)-%GM))@G')G!'G.8

)&%G)+G'C%G8-.MM%,G0!'!%8JG!'G!8G.0'2.MM4G'C%G+.8'%8'GI,)H!&IG0!'4G!&

'C%G%&'!,%GS&!'%"G1'.'%8G)+GQ-%,!0.?G*'G!8G.G$%,4G)P%&JGM!K%,.M

.,'8G0)MM%I%G')H&?GXC%GPM%.8.&'GH%.'C%,GH)2M"G.M8)G82!'G.MM

'!-%8G"2,!&IG'C%G4%.,G+),G'C%G0)&+%,%&0%?F

:;<==^S1G3)8'G()&+%,%&0%G()--%&'8GUM)0.'!)&GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==^?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!53)8'R0)&+%,%&0%R0)--%&'8UM)0.'!)&3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==^

<d :;<===^S1 Y?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*G8P%&"G.&GC)2,GM))@!&IG+),G8)-%)&%G'C.'G0)2M"GI%'G-%

8%''M%"?GQGFC)'M!&%FG&2-K%,G'C.'G4)2G0.&G0.MMG+),G-),%

!&+),-.'!)&GH)2M"GK%G&!0%G8)G'C.'G4)2G0.&G_28'G80,!KKM%G'C.'

&2-K%,G")H&JG.&"G28%G!'G!+G4)2G.,%GM)8'F

:;<==^S1G3)8'G()&+%,%&0%G()--%&'8GUA.0!M!'!%8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==^?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!53)8'R0)&+%,%&0%R0)--%&'8UA.0!M!'!%83,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==^

V= :;<===^S1 Y?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F;),%G0)),"!&.'!&IG8'.++5$)M2&'%%,8JG%8P%0!.MM4G.C%."G)+G'!-%J

H)2M"GK%G.GI,%.'GK))&?GQ&4G-.4K%G.GP2KM!0G<Y`C)2,GFC%MPF

M!&%OF

:;<==^S1G3)8'G()&+%,%&0%G()--%&'8GUA.0!M!'!%8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==^?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!53)8'R0)&+%,%&0%R0)--%&'8UA.0!M!'!%83,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==^

V9 :;<===^S1 Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*L$%G&%$%,GK%%&G')G.G0)&+%,%&0%G'C.'GC."G8)G-.&4GP)H%,

)2'M%'8G!&G%$%,4G,))-jG'C.'GH.8G.GH)&"%,+2MG',%.'?GXC%

.0)28'!08GH%,%G.M8)G$%,4GI))"?F

:;<==^S1G3)8'G()&+%,%&0%G()--%&'8GUA.0!M!'!%8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==^?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!53)8'R0)&+%,%&0%R0)--%&'8UA.0!M!'!%83,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==^

V< :;<===^S1 Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FXC%G0.'%,!&IGH.8G%/0%MM%&'?F:;<==^S1G3)8'G()&+%,%&0%G()--%&'8GUA))"GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==^?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'R0)&+%,%&0%R0)--%&'8UA))"3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==^

VV :;<===^S1 Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*GC."G&)G!"%.G'C.'GM2&0CGH.8GI)!&IG')GK%G!&0M2"%"?GXC.'GH.8G.

&!0%G82,P,!8%?F

:;<==^S1G3)8'G()&+%,%&0%G()--%&'8GUA))"GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==^?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'R0)&+%,%&0%R0)--%&'8UA))"3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==^

VY :;<===^S1 Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FG'C)2IC'G'C%G+))"GH.8G+.&'.8'!0G.&"G*GH.8G.M8)G82,P,!8%"G')

8%%G!'G'C%,%?G7)G0)-PM.!&'8G+,)-G-%?F

:;<==^S1G3)8'G()&+%,%&0%G()--%&'8GUA))"GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==^?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'R0)&+%,%&0%R0)--%&'8UA))"3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==^

V> :;<===^S1 Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F:)H?GXC%G+))"G,)0@%"?GQ8G.G$%I%'.,!.&JG*GH.8G$%,4GPM%.8.&'M4

82,P,!8%"[F

:;<==^S1G3)8'G()&+%,%&0%G()--%&'8GUA))"GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==^?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'R0)&+%,%&0%R0)--%&'8UA))"3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==^

V^ :;<===^S1 <?Y

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FXC%G&.-%8G)&G'C%GK."I%8G8C)2M"GK%G!&G.G-20CGK!II%,G+)&'JG8)

'C.'G'C%4G0.&GK%G,%."G+,)-G.G"!8'.&0%?F

:;<==^S1G3)8'G()&+%,%&0%G()--%&'8GU;!80%MM.&%)28GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==^?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!53)8'R0)&+%,%&0%R0)--%&'8U;!80%MM.&%)283,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==^

Vc :;<===^S1 V?V

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F1)-%)&%G82II%8'%"G')GP,!&'GK)'CG8!"%8G)+G'C%GK."I%8JG'C%4

'%&"G')G+M!PG)$%,?GQ&"G')GP,!&'G'C%G+!,8'G&.-%G%$%&GM.,I%,G8)G'C.'

)&%G0.&G,%."G'C.'G+,)-G4.,"8G.H.4G!&GM%88G)P'!-.MGB0,)H"%"E

0)&"!'!)&8F

:;<==^S1G3)8'G()&+%,%&0%G()--%&'8GU;!80%MM.&%)28GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==^?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!53)8'R0)&+%,%&0%R0)--%&'8U;!80%MM.&%)283,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==^

e%+?G')G!"

V^

Va :;<===^S1 V?V

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*'L8G8'.&".,"GP,)0%"2,G.'GZ))@(,)88!&IG0)&$%&'!)&8G')GC.$%

&.-%'.I8G8C)H!&IG28%,G&.-%JG,%.MG&.-%G.&"GC)-%GY?9GBH!'CG.

M!''M%G+M.IEG)&G'C%G+,)&'JG.&"G.G0)P4G)+G'C%G80C%"2M%G)&G'C%GK.0@?

bK$!)28M4G4)2G0.&L'G+!'G%$%,4'C!&IG!&JGK2'G'!-%8G+),G8%88!)&

8'.,'8G.&"G-.!&G%$%&'8G0.&GK%G!&0M2"%"?F

:;<==^S1G3)8'G()&+%,%&0%G()--%&'8GU;!80%MM.&%)28GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==^?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!53)8'R0)&+%,%&0%R0)--%&'8U;!80%MM.&%)283,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==^

e%+?G')G!"

V^

Vd :;<===^S1 Y?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

Fe%0),"G%$%,4'C!&IjG'2,&G'C%G:!@!-.&!.G!&')G.G8!&IM%`',.0@

+%8'!$.MG!+G4)2G")&L'GC.$%G%&)2ICG%D2!P-%&'G')G")G.GI))"G_)K

%$%,4HC%,%?Gk%8JG*G.-G0)-PM%'%M4G8%,!)28?F

:;<==^S1G3)8'G()&+%,%&0%G()--%&'8GU;!80%MM.&%)28GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==^?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!53)8'R0)&+%,%&0%R0)--%&'8U;!80%MM.&%)283,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==^

Page 21: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

!" #$%&' ()"% *&+),-.&' #/',.0' 1)2,0%3,!-.,45

1%0)&".,46.'% 7)'%8

Y= :;<===^S1 <?V

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F3M%.8%GI%'G8)-%)&%GHC)G@&)H8G8)-%'C!&IG.K)2'G.2"!)G.&"

$!"%)GP,)"20'!)&?GQG+,!%&"G)+G-!&%G8C)H%"G-%G8)-%G)+G'C%

f%88!IG'.M@G.&"G'C!8G+))'.I%GH.8G%-K.,,.88!&I?G*'GH.8G8C)'GK4

8)-%)&%G8%.'%"B[EG!&G'C%G-!""M%G),GK.0@G)+G'C%G,))-B[EGK4

8)-%)&%GHC)G")%8&L'G@&)HGC)HG')GC)M"G.G0.-0),"%,G8'%."4?

XC%G!&',)"20%,GC."G&)G-!0B[EG.&"GH.8GK.,%M4G.2"!KM%G.K)$%G'C%

"!&G)+G'C%G,))-?F

:;<==^S1G3)8'G()&+%,%&0%G()--%&'8GU;!80%MM.&%)28GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==^?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!53)8'R0)&+%,%&0%R0)--%&'8U;!80%MM.&%)283,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==^

Y9 :;<===^S1 V?<f)0.M

b,I.&!T.'!)&

FQ,%G4)2G8.4!&IG'C.'GH%G8C)2M"G_28'GK.&GP%)PM%G+,)-G")!&I

'C%!,G)H&G$!"%)8G)+GP,)0%%"!&I8JG.&"G-.@%GP%)PM%GH.!'

B8%$%,.MGH%%@8JGP,)K.KM4EG+),G'C%G)++!0!.MG)&%8G')GK%G%&0)"%"

.&"G2PM)."%"G')G()--)&8OG*L-G0)&+28%"?G(%,'.!&M4JG'C%

2&)++!0!.MGf%88!IG+))'.I%G!8GP)),JG4%8JGK2'G'C.'G8%%-8G.&G)""

,%.0'!)&?F

:;<==^S1G3)8'G()&+%,%&0%G()--%&'8GU;!80%MM.&%)28GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==^?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!53)8'R0)&+%,%&0%R0)--%&'8U;!80%MM.&%)283,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==^

e%+?G')G!"

Y=

Y< :;<===^S1 V?V

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F3%,C.P8G'C%,%G8C)2M"GK%G.G&)'%G8.4!&IGF0)-%GK.0@G!&G<

H%%@8FG`G),G%$%&G.GM!&@G8.4!&IGF%-.!MGC%,%G')GK%G&)'!+!%"GHC%&

'C%4L,%G.$.!M.KM%FF

:;<==^S1G3)8'G()&+%,%&0%G()--%&'8GU;!80%MM.&%)28GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==^?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!53)8'R0)&+%,%&0%R0)--%&'8U;!80%MM.&%)283,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==^

e%+?G')G!"

Y=

YV :;<===^S1 V?9f)0.M

b,I.&!T.'!)&

F*G.""%"G.GF0)-!&IG8))&FG&)'%jG!+G4)2G'C!&@G-),%G!8G&%%"%"

PM%.8%G.""GNEF

:;<==^S1G3)8'G()&+%,%&0%G()--%&'8GU;!80%MM.&%)28GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==^?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!53)8'R0)&+%,%&0%R0)--%&'8U;!80%MM.&%)283,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==^

e%+?G')G!"

Y<

YY :;<==cX: 9?9

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

k)2,G+%%"K.0@G!8G!-P),'.&'G')G28?GX)G-.@%G82,%GH%G0.&

."",%88G4)2,GD2%8'!)&8G),G0)&0%,&8JGPM%.8%G+!MMG)2'G'C%G+),-

K%M)H?G*+G4)2GC.$%G82II%8'!)&8G),GM%88)&8GM%.,&%"G+),

:!@!-.&!.G<==aGBK%8!"%G'C%GY?9EJGPM%.8%G.""G4)2,G0)--%&'8

.'G'C%G:!@!-.&!.G<==aG:!8CM!8'?

()--%&'8G)&G:;<==cX:GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==c?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5()--%&'8 3,!-.,4Q2I28'

<==c

Y> :;<==cX: Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

Fe%0%P'!)&G.'G.!,P),'G.&"G82KH.4G8'.'!)&GH.8G'C%G-)8'

H%M0)-!&IG8'.,'G)+G:!@!-.&!.G)&%G0)2M"G!-.I!&%JG.H%8)-%?

]%,4G-20CG.PP,%0!.'%"?GXC.&@G4)2G+),GH.!'!&IG'C%,%G8%$%,.M

M)&IG".48F

()--%&'8G)&G:;<==cX:GUe%0%P'!)&GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==c?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5()--%&'8Ue%0%P'!)&3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==c

Y^ :;<==cX: Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*G.,,!$%"G(XbkQ(G.M)&%JGK2'G+%M'G.8G!+G*GH%,%GH.M@!&IG!&G.

+.-!M!.,GPM.0%G???G!'G!8G.M-)8'G.G8',.!IC'GH.4G.&"G-)8'G)+GP%)PM%

H)2M"&L'G!-.I!&%G')G0,%.'%G!'JGK2'G4)2GM)0.M8G"!"G!'?GQM8)GI))IM%

-.PGH!'CG8%$%,.MGP!%0%8G!&+),-.'!)&JG0)M),%"GI2!"%H.48?GQ

I,%.'GC)8P!'.M!'4G)+G4)2G*GH)2M"G-20CG.PP,%0!.'%?F

()--%&'8G)&G:;<==cX:GUe%0%P'!)&GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==c?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5()--%&'8Ue%0%P'!)&3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==c

Yc :;<==cX: Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F3%,+%0'NGe%I!8',.'!)&G+)MM)H`2P?G%-.!M8GK%+),%G.&"G"2,!&IG'C%

,%I!8',.'!)&GP,)0%88?G:%M0)-%G%-.!M?Ge))-G.88!I&-%&'G"2,!&I

'C%G0)&+%,%&0%G'!-%+,.-%GB'C%GK%+),%G.&"G.+'%,G&%%"8G')GK%G.

M!''M%GK,28%"G2PE?Ge%."!&%88G)+GK."I%8G.&"G,%I!8',.'!)&

[email protected]%8?GQMMG!&G.MMJG.GI,%.'G.0C!%$%-%&'JG.8G'C!8G!8G)&%G)+G'C%

C.,"%8'G'C!&I8G')GI%'G,!IC'?GN`EF

()--%&'8G)&G:;<==cX:GUe%I!8',.'!)&GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==c?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5()--%&'8Ue%I!8',.'!)&3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==c

Ya :;<==cX: Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F#-.!M8G.,%G$%,4GC%MP+2MG.&"G!&+),-.'!$%?GQM8)G0)),"!&.'!)&

K%'H%%&G'C%G'%.-G.&"G(XbkQ(G8'.++?G*G.,,!$%"G$%,4GM.'%GHC%&

)2,G)H&G,%0%P'!)&GH.8G0M)8%"JGK2'G'C%,%GH.8G&)GP,)KM%-G???

%$%&G+),G'C%GK,%.@+.8'GB'C%4G!882%"G-%G'C%G'!0@%'GH!'C)2'

P.4-%&'JG0C%0@!&IG*GH.8G'C%,%G.8G:!@!-.&!.0?GXC!8G@!&"G)+

',%.'-%&'G!8G&)'G.MH.48G%/P%0'%"G!&G'C!8GH),M"EF

()--%&'8G)&G:;<==cX:GUe%I!8',.'!)&GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==c?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5()--%&'8Ue%I!8',.'!)&3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==c

Yd :;<==cX: Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FQ&"JG1-!M%G8'.++G!8G.MH.48G!-P),'.&'?F()--%&'8G)&G:;<==cX:GUe%I!8',.'!)&GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==c?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5()--%&'8Ue%I!8',.'!)&3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==c

>= :;<==cX: <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F:%GC."G')GM%.$%G'C%GM)2&I%G'))G%.,M4?G*'GH)2M"GK%G&!0%G')GC.$%

.G0)-+),'.KM%GPM.0%G)&G'C%G$%&2%G')GC.&IG.,)2&"G.MMG&!IC'

M)&I?F

()--%&'8G)&G:;<==cX:GUQ00)--)".'!)&GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==c?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5()--%&'8U(.'%,!&IR?<^RQ00)--)".'!)&3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==c

>9 :;<==cX: Y?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FXC%G$%&2%G8C)2M"G&)'GK%G'))GM.,I%G.&"G"!8',!K2'%"G8)GP%)PM%

M!@%M4G-%%'G_28'GK4GH.M@!&IG.,)2&"?GXC!8G4%.,L8G$%&2%GH.8G.

I))"G0C)!0%[F

()--%&'8G)&G:;<==cX:GUQ00)--)".'!)&GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==c?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5()--%&'8U(.'%,!&IR?<^RQ00)--)".'!)&3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==c

Page 22: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

!" #$%&' ()"% *&+),-.&' #/',.0' 1)2,0%3,!-.,45

1%0)&".,46.'% 7)'%8

>< :;<==cX: Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*G'C!&@G!&G'C%G+2'2,%G.MMG%++),'8G8C)2M"GK%G")&%G')G%&0)2,.I%

P%)PM%G&)'G+.-!M!.,GH!'CG:!@!-%"!.G),G'C%G0.82.MG:!@!-%"!.&

28%,GB!%G'C)8%GHC)G")&L'GH.&'G')GM%."GP,)_%0'8G),G.,%G_28'

0)&'%&'G')G%"!'G:!@!P%"!.EG')G.''%&"G'C%G0)&+%,%&0%?G*'G0)2M"

8%,$%G.8G.G'4P%G)+G#/P)GHC%,%G'C%G.$%,.I%GP%,8)&G0.&GK%

-),%G.H.,%G)+GHC.'L8GI)!&IG)&?F

()--%&'8G)&G:;<==cX:GUQ2"!%&0%GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==c?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5()--%&'8UQ2"!%&0%3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==c

>V :;<==cX: Y?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*'GH.8G,%.MM4G+.&'.8'!0G'C.'G4)2G)&M4GC."G')GM))@G2PG.&"G'C%,%

H%,%G.MH.48G$)M2&'%%,8G'C%,%G')GC%MPG4)2GH!'CG.&4G'%0C&!0.M

'C!&I?G*'GH.8G+.&'.8'!0G.&"G,%.MM4G8-))'C?F

()--%&'8G)&G:;<==cX:GUe%I!8',.'!)&GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==c?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5()--%&'8Ue%I!8',.'!)&3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==c

>Y :;<==cX: <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F+),G'H)G4%.,8G'C%G.H.,"8G0%,%-)&4G82++%,%"G+,)-GK."GH!+!

0)&&%0'!)&8G'C.'G0)2M"G&)'GC.&"M%GK.&"H!"'CG&%%"%"G+),GM.,I%

!-.I%8G),G8',%.-8?F

()--%&'8G)&G:;<==cX:GUQH.,"8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==c?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5()--%&'8UQH.,"83,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==c

>> :;<==cX: <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FM.0@G)+GP)H%,8PM!''%,8G+),GM.P')P8F()--%&'8G)&G:;<==cX:GU*&'%,&%'GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==c?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5()--%&'8U*&'%,&%'3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==c

>^ :;<==cX: V?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FXC.&@8G+),GI%''!&IG'C%G8',%.-!&IG$!"%)G)&M!&%?F()--%&'8G)&G:;<==cX:GU*&'%,&%'GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==c?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5()--%&'8U*&'%,&%'3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==c

>c :;<==cX: <?V

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F1',%.-!&IG!8G.&GbWG+%.'2,%JGK2'GP%)PM%G+,)-G%$%,4G'!-%GT)&%

.,)2&"G'C%GH),M"G.,%G!&'%,%8'%"G!&G'C%G0)&+%,%&0%JGHC!0C

-%.&8G'C.'G'C%4G-.4G&)'GH.&'G')GH.@%G2PG!&G'C%G-!""M%G)+G'C%

&!IC'G')GH.'0CG.G'.M@?F

()--%&'8G)&G:;<==cX:GU*&'%,&%'GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==c?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5()--%&'8U*&'%,&%'3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==c

>a :;<==cX: V?Vf)0.M

b,I.&!T.'!)&

F:%GC.$%G9==G6]G'.P%8G.&"G')'.MM4G!'G'.@%8G.K)2'G9>9GC)2,8G')

"2-PG,.HG$!"%)G')G"!8@8?F

()--%&'8G)&G:;<==cX:GU*&'%,&%'GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==c?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5()--%&'8U*&'%,&%'3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==c

e%+?G')G!"

>c

>d :;<==cX: V?Vf)0.M

b,I.&!T.'!)&

FG*'G")%8&L'G'.@%G'C.'GM)&IG')G"2-PG.G6]G')G.GC.,"G"!8@G.&"

-.@%G!'G.$.!M.KM%G)&G'C%GH%K?G*+G.&4'C!&IJG,!PG.G0)P4G)+G'C%

8',%.-G.&"G-.@%G'C.'G.$.!M.KM%G!--%"!.'%M4?GXC!8G848'%-

"!"&L'GH),@G)2'G$%,4GH%MMG'C!8G4%.,?Gf%'L8G!-P,)$%G!'G+),G&%/'G4%.,

K4GC.$!&IG'C%G$!"%)G.$.!M.KM%G+),G")H&M)."GH!'C!&GV=`^=

-!&2'%8G.+'%,G'C%G'.M@?F

()--%&'8G)&G:;<==cX:GU*&'%,&%'GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==c?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5()--%&'8U*&'%,&%'3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==c

e%+?G')G!"

>a

^= :;<==cX: <?Y

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F7.-%0.,"8NG-.4K%GP,!&'G'C%-G")2KM%G8!"%"G&%/'G'!-%OGXC.'

H.4G'C%4G")&'G+M!PG.MMG'C%G'!-%?F

()--%&'8G)&G:;<==cX:GU6%'.!M8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==c?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5()--%&'8U6%'.!M83,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==c

^9 :;<==cX: 9?<f)0.M

b,I.&!T.'!)&

F\)HG0.&G'C%Gf)0.MG!&+),-.'!)&G8%0'!)&GK%G!-P,)$%"G+),G+2'2,%

:!@!-.&!.8OG*GC%MP%"G')GH,!'%G'C%Gf)0.MG!&+),-.'!)&G8%0'!)&G.&"

,%.M!T%"G'C.'G*G)$%,"!"G!'?G*GP2'G'))G-20CG2&&%0%88.,4

!&+),-.'!)&G'C%,%GK%0.28%G*G"!"G&)'G@&)HGHC.'G'4P%G)+

!&+),-.'!)&G'C%G.2"!%&0%GH)2M"G&%%"G),GK%G!&'%,%8'%"G!&?GXC!8

-."%G!'G"!++!02M'G+),G',.&8M.'),8G')G',.&8M.'%G'C%G-.'%,!.MG')G)'C%,

M.&I2.I%8G)&G'!-%?G1C)2M"G.G8'.&".,"G'%-PM.'%GK%G0,%.'%"G+),

'C%GM)0.MG!&+),-.'!)&G)+G.MMG+2'2,%G:!@!-.&!.8OF

()--%&'8G)&G:;<==cX:GUf)0.MR!&+),-.'!)&GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==c?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5()--%&'8Uf)0.MR!&+),-.'!)&3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==c

^< :;<==a#l 9?9

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

F6)G4)2GC.$%GH!8C%8G+),GHC.'G:!@!-.&!.G<==aG8C)2M"G!&0M2"%O

Q&4G,%0)--%&".'!)&8GHC.'G')G.$)!"G.&"GHC.'G&)'G')G+),I%'OG*+

4)2G'C!&@G)+G'C%GP,%$!)28G:!@!-.&!.G0)&+%,%&0%8NG:C.'GH%&'

,!IC'JGHC.'GH%&'GH,)&IOG:C.'G8C)2M"GH%G@%%PJGHC.'G8C)2M"GH%

0C.&I%OF

:!@!-.&!.G<==aG:!8CM!8'GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5:!@!-.&!.R<==a5:!8CM!8' 3,!-.,4Q2I28'

<==c

^V :;<==a#l Y?9f)0.M

b,I.&!T.'!)&

FXC!8G!8G'C%G8%0)&"G'!-%G*GP.,'!0!P.'%"G!&G),I.&!T!&IG'C%

P,)I,.--G)+G:!@!-.&!.G.&"G!'8G_28'G.GP.!&G&)'G')G28%G.

0)&$%&!%&'G0)&+%,%&0%GPM.&&!&IG8)+'H.,%G'C.'G.2')-.'!0.MM4

0,%.'%8G4)2G.&G)&M!&%G.&"GP,!&'.KM%G80C%"2M%JGP.P%,8G+),G%.0C

,))-G')GP,!&'G)2'G%'0?G7%/'G'!-%G"%+!&!'%M4G4)2G8C)2M"G28%G'C%

3%&'.K.,+G848'%-GBC''PN55P%&'.K.,+?),IEGHC!0CGH.8G0,%.'%"G+),

(C.)8G()--2&!0.'!)&G()&I,%88?F

:!@!-.&!.G<==aG:!8CM!8'GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5:!@!-.&!.R<==a5:!8CM!8' 3,!-.,4Q2I28'

<==c

Page 23: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

!" #$%&' ()"% *&+),-.&' #/',.0' 1)2,0%3,!-.,45

1%0)&".,46.'% 7)'%8

^Y :;<==a#l Y?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F7%/'G4%.,G*L"GM!@%G')GI%'GX!-G1P.M"!&IGBf!K,.,4XC!&IEG+),G.

@%4&)'%G8P%%0CG.&"Ge!0@Gl.'%GB*&'%,P%"!.EG')G'[email protected])2'G'C%

%.,M4G".48G)+GS8%&%'G%'0?GX!-`Z%,&%,8Gf%%G-!IC'G.M8)GK%G.KM%

+),G.G@%4&)'%GK2'G'C!8G&%%"8G-),%G'!-%G')GPM.&G!&G."$.&0%?F

:!@!-.&!.G<==aG:!8CM!8'GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5:!@!-.&!.R<==a5:!8CM!8' 3,!-.,4Q2I28'

<==c

^> :;<==a#l Y?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FQ8G.MH.48JGH%G&%%"G-),%GH)-%&G.&"G-),%G"!$%,8!'4GY?9M4?F :!@!-.&!.G<==aG:!8CM!8'GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5:!@!-.&!.R<==a5:!8CM!8' 3,!-.,4Q2I28'

<==c

^^ :;<==a#l Y?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FG*GH)2M"GM!@%G.GI).MG)+G'C%G&%/'G0)&+%,%&0%G')GK%G'C%G!--%"!.'%

.$.!M.K!M!'4G)+G$!"%)G+!M%8G+),G")H&M)."?F:!@!-.&!.G<==aG:!8CM!8'GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5:!@!-.&!.R<==a5:!8CM!8' 3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==c

^c :;<==a#l V?V

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

Fb&M!&%G-2I8C)'8G)+G.MMG.''%&"%%8JG82K-!''%"G.'G,%I!8',.'!)&?

1)M$%8

:C)GH.8G'C.'G0%,'.!&G-.&GH!'CG'C.'G8.$)!,`+.!,%G'C.'G*G-%'GM.8'

:!@!-.&!.O

Q&4K)"4G@&)HGHC!0CG)&%GA,%"G72,")H!'TG!8OGXC%GC)'%MG8.!"GC%

+),I)'GC!8G8M!PP%,8?F

:!@!-.&!.G<==aG:!8CM!8'GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5:!@!-.&!.R<==a5:!8CM!8' 3,!-.,4Q2I28'

<==c

^a :;<==a#l <?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F3,!0%GH!&&%,8G.&"G,2&&%,8G2PG8C)2M"GI%'G'C%G.''%&'!)&G'C%4

"%8%,$%?GZ)'CG4%.,8G'C%GP,%8%&'%,8G8C)H%"G'C%!,G%&'C28!.8-

K2'G8%%-%"G8)-%HC.'G"!8',.0'%"GK4G'%0C&)G-!8C.P8?G*GM))@

+),H.,"G')G.G8M!"%G8C)HG)+G'C%GK%8'G0)&',!K2'!)&8GP%,G0.'%I),4J

&)'G_28'G'C%GH!&&%,GB!&G<==cGH%G-!88%"G)2'G)&G8)-%G,%.M

I%-8EF

:!@!-.&!.G<==aG:!8CM!8'GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5:!@!-.&!.R<==a5:!8CM!8' 3,!-.,4Q2I28'

<==c

^d :;<==a#l V?V

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F:C4G&)'GP,%P.,%G.&G*-P,%88GP,%8%&'.'!)&G8)G'C.'G'C%G8P%.@%,

0.&G+)028G)&G'C%G8P%%0CG.&"G&)'G)&G'.-!&IG'C%G'%0C&)M)I4G.&"

)&GlS*G"%/'%,!'4OGF

:!@!-.&!.G<==aG:!8CM!8'GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5:!@!-.&!.R<==a5:!8CM!8' 3,!-.,4Q2I28'

<==c

e%+?G')G!"

^a

c= :;<==a#l V?<f)0.M

b,I.&!T.'!)&

Fk)2G-%.&G'C%GQH.,"8GP,%8%&'.'!)&OG:%G8%M%0'%"GH!&&%,8G_28'

!&G'C%GM2&0CG'!-%G)+G'C%G".4GB8)GH%L$%G-!88%"G8PM%&"!"G"!8C%8

.M-)8'E?G*+GH%GC."GP,%P.,%"G)2,GP,%8%&'.'!)&G!&G*-P,%88JGH%

H)2M"GC.$%G-!88%"G'C%G.+'%,&))&GP,%8%&'.'!)&GB*G.''%&"%"

(.'C%,!&%G\%.'C%,L8EG),Gm!--4L8G'.M@?GS&M%88G'C%GH!&&%,8G.,%

0C)8%&GK%+),%G'C%G0)&+%,%&0%JG!'GH)2M"GK%G.GC.,8CG"%-.&"G+),

_2,!%8G.&"G.''%&"%%8G')GP,%P.,%G820CGP,%8%&'.'!)&JG8.0,!+!0!&I

'C%!,G'!-%GH!'CG+,!%&"8G.'G0)&+%,%&0%?F

:!@!-.&!.G<==aG:!8CM!8'GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5:!@!-.&!.R<==a5:!8CM!8' 3,!-.,4Q2I28'

<==c

e%+?G')G!"

^d

c9 :;<==a#l Y?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F1C)2M"G0,!-%G.&"G8.+%'4GK%G.G0)&8!"%,.'!)&G+),G+2'2,%

0)&+%,%&0%G8!'%8OGF:!@!-.&!.G<==aG:!8CM!8'GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5:!@!-.&!.R<==a5:!8CM!8' 3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==c

c< :;<==a#l V?9

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

F:C%&G'C%G"%0!8!)&G!8G-."%JG+.0'),8GM!@%G'C!8GH!MMGK%G'.@%&G!&')

0)&8!"%,.'!)&?F:!@!-.&!.G<==aG:!8CM!8'GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5:!@!-.&!.R<==a5:!8CM!8' 3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==c

cV :;<==a#l Y?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*G@&)HG'C.'G:!@!-.&!.G!8G.G'%0C&!0.MG.&"G80!%&'!+!0G0)&+%,%&0%j

C)H%$%,JG*G'C!&@G!&G'C%G+2'2,%G.MMG%++),'8G8C)2M"GK%G")&%G')

%&0)2,.I%GP%)PM%G&)'G+.-!M!.,GH!'CG:!@!-%"!.G),G'C%G0.82.M

:!@!-%"!.&G28%,GB!%G'C)8%GHC)G")&L'GH.&'G')GM%."GP,)_%0'8G),

.,%G_28'G0)&'%&'G')G%"!'G:!@!P%"!.EG')G.''%&"G'C%G0)&+%,%&0%?G*'

0)2M"G8%,$%G.8G.G'4P%G)+G#/P)GHC%,%G'C%G.$%,.I%GP%,8)&G0.&

K%G-),%G.H.,%G)+GHC.'L8GI)!&IG)&F

:!@!-.&!.G<==aG:!8CM!8'GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5:!@!-.&!.R<==a5:!8CM!8' 3,!-.,4Q2I28'

<==c

Page 24: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

!" #$%&' ()"% *&+),-.&' #/',.0' 1)2,0%3,!-.,45

1%0)&".,46.'% 7)'%8

cY :;<==a#l V?V

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*&G0)&',.8'G:!@!-.&!.G8C)2M"GK%G.&G!&'%,&.'!)&.MG-%%'!&IG)+

'C)8%G'C.'G.,%G.M,%."4G+.-!M!.,GH!'CG:!@!-%"!.GP,)_%0'8[GX)GI%'

')G@&)HG:!@!-%"!.GP,)_%0'8G4)2G8C)2M"GK%''%,G),I.&!T%GM)0.M

%$%&'8GM!@%G:!@!P%"!.GQ0."%-4G.&"G8)G)&?Gf)0.MG%$%&'8G.,%

.M8)GK%''%,G')GI%'G!&G0)&'.0'GH!'CG'C%GP,)_%0'8GK%0.28%G4)2G0.&

")G'C%-G!&G4)2,GM)0.MGM.&I2.I%G!&8'%."G)+G#&IM!8C?Gf)0.MG%$%&'8

0.&G.M8)GK%G),I.&!T%"GK4G.GM)0.MG:!@!-%"!.G0C.P'%,GHC!M%

:!@!-.&!.G!8G'C%G%$%&'G)+G:!@!-%"!.G+)2&".'!)&?Gb+G0)2,8%

:!@!-.&!.G0.&G.M8)G.'',.0'G&%HG28%,8GK2'G'C%G-)8'G!-P),'.&'

P2,P)8%G!8G-%%'!&IG)+G+,%%G@&)HM%"I%G.&"G:!@!-%"!.

0)--2&!'!%8?F

:!@!-.&!.G<==aG:!8CM!8'GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5:!@!-.&!.R<==a5:!8CM!8' 3,!-.,4Q2I28'

<==c

e%+?G')G!"

cV

c> :;<==a#l V?V

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*G'C!&@G'C%GK%8'G.&8H%,GH)2M"GK%G8)-%HC%,%GK%'H%%&GHC.'

4)2G8.!"G.&"GHC.'G*G8.!"?F:!@!-.&!.G<==aG:!8CM!8'GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5:!@!-.&!.R<==a5:!8CM!8' 3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==c

e%+?G')G!"

cY

c^ :;<==a#l V?V

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F1%0)&"%"G7!0C'!0C?GQM8)G*GH)2M"G.""G.M,%."4GH%GC.$%G-.&4

&)'`8)`-20C`!&$)M$%"G28%,8G.&"G.M8)G&)'`.'`.MM`:!@!-%"!.&8?

A),G%/.-PM%JG+,)-Gm.P.&G9dGP%)PM%G.''%&"%"JGK2'G.-)&IG'C%-

*G@&)HG)&M4GcG),GaGH!'CG'C%!,G28%,G&.-%8?G1)-%G)+G.''%&"%%8

+,)-Gm.P.&GH%,%G%$%&G2&,%8!8'%,%"G.&"G%$%&G&)'G.&)&4-)28

%"!'),8?GXC%4G.,%G_28'G$!8!'),8G)+G'C%GH%K8!'%G.&"G!&'%,%8'%"G!&

'C%GP,)_%0'?GQM,%."4GH%GC%.,"GM.8'G4%.,G0)-PM.!&'8G.K)2'G&)&`

:!@!P%"!.&8G)$%,P,%8%&0%JG*G'C!&@GH%G")&L'GH.&'G')GP,)-)'%

.I,%88!$%M4G')G!&0,%.8%G'C%G&2-K%,G)+G)2'8!"%,8?G*'GH!MMG-.@%

:!@!-.&!.G.8G.GI%&2!&%G0)&+%,%&0%G&)'G)+G:!@!P%"!.&8?G*&G-4

)P!&!)&G>N>G!8G.M,%."4G+.!,G%&)2ICF

:!@!-.&!.G<==aG:!8CM!8'GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5:!@!-.&!.R<==a5:!8CM!8' 3,!-.,4Q2I28'

<==c

e%+?G')G!"

cY

cc :;<==a#l V?V

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F6!"&L'G@&)HG'C.'G!'G!8G+!+'4GP%,0%&'GF!&`C)28%GP%)PM%FG.&"G+!+'4

P%,0%&'GF)2'8!"%,8?FG*&G'C.'G0.8%JG4%8JG!'G!8G+.!,G%&)2IC?F:!@!-.&!.G<==aG:!8CM!8'GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5:!@!-.&!.R<==a5:!8CM!8' 3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==c

e%+?G')G!"

c^

ca :;<==a#l 9?9

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

FXC.&@G4)2G+),G4)2,G)00.8!)&.MG',.&8M.'!)&GH),@8[G*'GH.8GM20@4

+),G28G')GC."GC.$%G4)2G.'G'C.'G,))-?G*G"!"&L'G@&)HG'C.'?G*L"GM!@%

')GM%.,&GC)HG4)2G-.&.I%"G!'G+),G)2,G+2,'C%,G.&"GK%''%,

),I.&!T.'!)&G???G*&'%,%8'!&I?F

:!@!-.&!.G<==aG:!8CM!8'GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5:!@!-.&!.R<==a5:!8CM!8' 3,!-.,4Q2I28'

<==c

cd :;<==a#l Y?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*GC%.,"G'C.'G'C%G:!@!-.&!.G!&Gl%,-.&4GC."G.G+%HG8%88!)&8

'C.'GH%,%G0)&"20'%"G)&M4G!&Gl%,-.&?G1)G.&G!-P),'.&'G0)&0%,&

!8G'C!8NG8C)2M"G'C%,%GK%G',.&8M.'),8G+),G8%88!)&8G'C.'G")&L'G28%

'C%G0)&+%,%&0%L8GM!&I2.G+,.&0.OF

:!@!-.&!.G<==aG:!8CM!8'GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5:!@!-.&!.R<==a5:!8CM!8' 3,!-.,4Q2I28'

<==c

a= :;<==a#l Y?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*'GH)2M"GK%G&!0%G')GC.$%G.GP,%0)&+%,%&0%GH),@8C)PG)&GHC.'G.

H!@!G!8JGC)HG')G%"!'G.&"G.GD2!0@G)2'M!&%G)+G:!@!-%"!.G$8

;%"!.:!@!G$8G:!@!P%"!.?GXC%,%GH%,%G8%$%,.MGP%)PM%G'C%,%GHC)

H%,%G$%,4G-20CG&%HK!%8GH!'CGH!@!8JGK2'G)'C%,H!8%G$%,4G8-.,'

P%)PM%G$%,4G!&8',%8'%"G!&G'C%G+,%%G0)&'%&'G-)$%-%&'?G3%,C.P8

.G8%88!)&G0)2M"GK%G,2&G.'G'C%G8.-%G'!-%G.8GC.0@!&IG".48?F

:!@!-.&!.G<==aG:!8CM!8'GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5:!@!-.&!.R<==a5:!8CM!8' 3,!-.,4Q2I28'

<==c

a9 :;<==a#l Y?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F()&8!"%,GP,)$!"!&IG0C!M"0.,%5F+.-!M4GhG+,!%&"8FGP,)I,.-?GXC!8

!8G.GH.4GH%G0.&GK%GH%M0)-!&IG.&"G!&0M28!$%?G*GC)P%G!'G0)2M"GK%

.GP)!&'G')G0)&8!"%,G+),G'C%GI,)2PG'C.'G0C))8%8G'C%GH!&&!&IGK!"?F

:!@!-.&!.G<==aG:!8CM!8'GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5:!@!-.&!.R<==a5:!8CM!8' 3,!-.,4Q2I28'

<==c

a< :;<==a#l Y?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FQI,%%"?GXC!8G4%.,G*GH.8G!-P,%88%"G'C%,%GH%,%G@!"8G.,)2&"G'C%

bP%&G1P.0%?Gf)0.MGP%)PM%G8%%-%"G')GK,!&IG'C%!,G@!"8G.M8)?G*

.-G&)'G82,%G!&'%,&.'!)&.MG.2"!%&0%GH!MMG")G8)G'))JGK2'G!'GH)2M"

K%G&!0%G')GC.$%G820CG.0'!$!'!%8G.8GH%MMG.8G&%HK!%GH),@8C)P?F

:!@!-.&!.G<==aG:!8CM!8'GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5:!@!-.&!.R<==a5:!8CM!8' 3,!-.,4Q2I28'

<==c

aV :;<==a#l Y?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F:C4G&)'G,2&G'C%G0)&+,%&0%GK4G%&%,I4GP,)"20%"GK4G0M%.&

8)2,0%8OF:!@!-.&!.G<==aG:!8CM!8'GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5:!@!-.&!.R<==a5:!8CM!8' 3,!-.,4

1%P'%-K%,

<==c

Page 25: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

!" #$%&' ()"% *&+),-.&' #/',.0' 1)2,0%3,!-.,45

1%0)&".,46.'% 7)'%8

aY :;<==a#l Y?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*'GH)2M"GK%G'.@!&IG'C%GP!88G')G,2&G.G0)&+%,%&0%G)&GI,%%&

%&%,I4G'C.'GC."GP%)PM%G_%''!&IG!&G+,)-G.MMG)$%,G'C%GH),M"G')

.''%&"G!'?G\.$!&IG8%$%,.MG8!-2M'.&%)28G,%I!)&.MG-%%'2P8

!&8'%."G)+G.GIM)K.MG0)&+%,%&0%GH)2M"GK%G.G-20CGK%''%,G!"%.J

.&"G.8!"%G+,)-G'C%G%&$!,)&-%&'.MG."$.&'.I%8G'C!8GH)2M"G.MM)H

-),%GP%)PM%G')GP.,'!0!P.'%?F

:!@!-.&!.G<==aG:!8CM!8'GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5:!@!-.&!.R<==a5:!8CM!8' 3,!-.,4 QP,!MG<==a

a> :;<==a#l Y?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*8G'C%,%G.&4GH.4G')G-.@%G.G"%.MGH!'CG.GP.,'!02M.,G.!,M!&%G),

.MM!.&0%G)+G.!,M!&%8G')GC%MPG,%"20%G',.&8P),'.'!)&G0)8'8OG()2M"

H%GI%'G'C%-G')G0C.,I%G28G.G')2,GI,)2PG'!0@%'GP,!0%GP,)$!"%"

'C.'G.G8!I&!+!0.&'G&2-K%,G)+G.''%&"%%8G+M4G'C%G8.-%G.MM!.&0%G)+

.!,M!&%8OF

:!@!-.&!.G<==aG:!8CM!8'GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5:!@!-.&!.R<==a5:!8CM!8' 3,!-.,41%P'%-K%,

<==c

a^ :;<==a#l 9?9

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

Fk)2,G+%%"K.0@G!8G!-P),'.&'G')G28?GX)G-.@%G82,%GH%G0.&

."",%88G4)2,GD2%8'!)&8G),G0)&0%,&8JGPM%.8%G+!MMG)2'G'C%G,%M%$.&'

8%0'!)&8GK%M)H?F

()--%&'8G)&G:;<==a#lGC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==a?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5()--%&'8 3,!-.,4Q2I28'

<==a

ac :;<==a#l <?Y

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

Ff.0@G)+G'`8C!,'GH.8G8."[F()--%&'8G)&G:;<==a#lGUe%I!8',.'!)&GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==a?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5()--%&'8Ue%I!8',.'!)&3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==a

aa :;<==a#l <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F;!&),GP)!&'G-.4K%JGK2'G-.@%G82,%G'C%G.!,G0)&"!'!)&!&IG!8G&)'

8%'G'))G0)M"Gj`EGZ2'GH%MMJG'C.'G0)2M"GC.PP%&G%$%,4HC%,%?F

()--%&'8G)&G:;<==a#lGU]%&2%GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==a?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5()--%&'8U]%&2%3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==a

ad :;<==a#l Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*G.''%&"GD2!'%G.GM)'G)+G0)&+%,%&0%8G.8GP.,'G)+G-4GH),@G.8G.

,%8%.,0C%,JG-.&4G)+G'C%-GK!IG!&'%,&.'!)&.MG%$%&'8G!&G!&"28',!.M

0)2&',!%8?G:!@!-.&!.G<==aG0%,'.!&M4G-.&.I%"G')G-%%'G'C%8%

8'.&".,"8JG.&"G!&G-.&4G0.8%8G*GH.8GP)8!'!$%M4G82,P,!8%"GC)H

H%MMG%$%,4'C!&IGH.8G8%'G2P?F

()--%&'8G)&G:;<==a#lGUl%&%,.MR()--%&'8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==a?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5()--%&'8Ul%&%,.MR()--%&'83,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==a

d= :;<==a#l Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F)$%,.MMG'C%G:!@!-.&!.G<==aG),I.&!8.'!)&G'%.-G"!"G.&

!-P,%88!$%G_)KG')GC.$%G%$%,4'C!&IGI)G8)G8-))'CM4?G*G%&_)4%"

'C%G0)&+%,%&0%G$%,4G-20C?GXC.&@8[F

()--%&'8G)&G:;<==a#lGUl%&%,.MR()--%&'8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==a?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5()--%&'8Ul%&%,.MR()--%&'83,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==a

d9 :;<==a#l <?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

Fb+G.MMG'C%G8%88!)&8G*GH%&'G')GB<>EG*G'C!&@G)&M4G)&%G8'.,'%"G.&"

%&"%"G)&G80C%"2M%"G'!-%?GF

()--%&'8G)&G:;<==a#lGU]%&2%GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==a?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5()--%&'8U]%&2%3,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==a

d< :;<==a#l V?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

nQK)2'G'C%G3.,'4oGFXC.&@8G+),GC.$!&IG!'G'C%G'C!,"G%$%&!&IJG&)H

P%)PM%G0)2M"G0)&'!&2%G8)-%G-),%GC)2,8G!+G'C%4GH.&'%"JGH!'C)2'

K%!&IG80,%H%"G'C%G&%/'G0)&+%,%&0%G".4GNEGXC%4GI)'G.G4%.,G')

,%0)$%,G+,)-G'C.'[F

()--%&'8G)&G:;<==a#lGU3.,'4GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==a?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5()--%&'8U3.,'43,!-.,4

Q2I28'

<==a

dV :;<==dQe 9?V

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

FXC!8GP)8'`-),'%-G!8GK.8!0.MM4G'C%G,%82M'G)+GK)'CG.&G!&'%,&.M

,%$!%HGK4G:!@!-.&!.G<==dG),I.&!T!&IG'%.-G.&"G'C%G)&`M!&%

82,$%4G0)&"20'%"G.+'%,G'C%G%&"G)+G'C%G0)&+%,%&0%?G:%GK%M!%$%

'C!8G')GK%G)+G%/',%-%G!-P),'.&0%G&)'G)&M4G+),G'C%G),I.&!T.'!)&

)+G+2'2,%G:!@!-.&!.8GK2'G.M8)G+),G'C%G),I.&!T.'!)&G)+G.&4G@!&"G)+

0)&+%,%&0%G),G-%%'2PG'C.'G'C%G:!@!-%"!.&G0)--2&!'4GH!8C%8

')G),I.&!T%JG8)G'C.'G'C%4G-.4GM%.,&G+,)-G)2,G8200%88%8G.&"

-!8'.@%8?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'`-),'%-GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!53)8'`-),'%- 3,!-.,4b0')K%,

<==d

dY :;<==dQe 9?V

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

FXC%G0)&"20'%"G82,$%4GH.8GP,)0%88%"G8'.'!8'!0.MM4JG.&"G.&

!&+),-.MG.&.M48!8GH.8G0,%.'%"G+,)-G!'?GXC%4GK)'CGP,)$!"%"

$.M2.KM%G!&+),-.'!)&G'C.'G0)&+!,-%"G.GM)'G)+G'C%G'C!&I8GH%

)K8%,$%"G)2,8%M$%8JGK2'G.M8)G-.&4G'C!&I8G'C.'GH%GH)2M"GC.$%

)'C%,H!8%G-!88%"?G:%G,%0)--%&"G,%."!&IGK)'CG)+G'C%-G.&"

&)'G_28'G'C%G.&.M48!8F

:;<==dQeG3)8'`-),'%-GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!53)8'`-),'%- 3,!-.,4b0')K%,

<==d

d> :;<==dQe 9?V

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

F:%G%&0)2,.I%G),I.&!T%,8G)+G+2'2,%G:!@!-.&!.8JG.&"G!&

P.,'!02M.,G'C)8%G)+G'C%G&%/'G)&%JG')GI%'G!&G')20CGH!'CG'C%

Q,I%&'!&%G'%.-G')G)K'.!&G&)'G)&M4G'C.'G")02-%&'GK2'G.M8)

."$!0%JG'%0C&!0.MG0)&8!"%,.'!)&8G.&"G.&4'C!&IG'C%4G-!IC'

&%%"?F

:!@!-.&!.G<==dG3)8'`-),'%-GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!53)8'`

-),'%-3,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

Page 26: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

!" #$%&' ()"% *&+),-.&' #/',.0' 1)2,0%3,!-.,45

1%0)&".,46.'% 7)'%8

d^ :;<==dQe 9?<

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

FQ""!'!)&.MM4JGH%G.,%GM%.$!&IG.&G)P%&GP.I%G+),G'C)8%GHC)

H)2M"GM!@%G')G.""G),!I!&.MG.&"G0)&8',!0'!$%G0,!'!D2%8G.K)2'

:!@!-.&!.G<==dG+,)-G.G"!++%,%&'GP)!&'G)+G$!%HG'C.'GH%G-!IC'

C.$%G-!88%"G),G+.!M%"G')G!"%&'!+4?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'`-),'%-GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!53)8'`-),'%- 3,!-.,4b0')K%,

<==d

dc :;<==dQe 9?9 e%8%.,0C%,G&)'%8QG82,$%4GH!'CG9d^G,%8P)&"%&'GH.8G0)&"20'%"GBH!@!-.&!.<==d?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!512,$%45e%82M'8E

:;<==dQeG3)8'`-),'%-G12,$%4GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!512,$%45e%82M'83,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

da :;<==dQe Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

F3%)PM%G8%%-G')GK%G0)&'%&'GH!'CG'C%G$%&2%8G0C)8%&G8)G+.,J

C.$!&IG'C%GP.,'4G)&G'C%GM.8'G&!IC'G.&"G:!@!-.&!.L8G,%.0CG'.,I%'F

:;<==dQeG12,$%4GQ&.M48!8GUgaGC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!512,$%45Q&.M48!8Uga3,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

dd :;<==dQe <?9

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

FQG-!&),!'4GH)2M"GM!@%G')G8%%G.GK!'G-),%G)+G.GP,)+%88!)&.MG8'4M%

),I.&!T.'!)&JGM)&I%,GH),@8C)PG8%88!)&8G4%'G-),%G+,%%G'!-%J

.&"G-),%G"%'.!M%"G"%80,!P'!)&8G)+G'C%G8%88!)&8?F

:;<==dQeG12,$%4GQ&.M48!8GUgaGC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!512,$%45Q&.M48!8Uga3,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

9== :;<==dQe 9?<

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

FgdNG*+G'C%,%GH.8G)&%G'C!&IG4)2G0)2M"G0C.&I%G.K)2'G:!@!-.&!.

<==dJGHC.'GH)2M"G!'GK%OF

:;<==dQeG3)8'`-),'%-G12,$%4GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!512,$%45e%82M'83,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

9=9 :;<==dQe 9?<

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

Fg9=NG*+G'C%,%GH.8G)&%GP!%0%G)+G."$!0%G4)2G0)2M"GI!$%

8P%0!+!0.MM4G')G'C%G),I.&!T%,8G)+G:!@!-.&!.G<=9=JGHC.'GH)2M"G!'

K%OF

:;<==dQeG3)8'`-),'%-G12,$%4GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!512,$%45e%82M'83,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

9=< :;<==dQe 9?<

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

Fg99NG*+G'C%,%GH.8G)&%G'C!&IG4)2GH)2M"GM!@%G')G8%%G0C.&I%"

.K)2'G:!@!-.&!.G!&GY?9JGHC.'GH)2M"G!'GK%OF

:;<==dQeG3)8'`-),'%-G12,$%4GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!512,$%45e%82M'83,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

9=V :;<==dQe 9?<

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

Fg9<NG*+G'C%,%GH.8G)&%GH),@8C)PG4)2GH)2M"GM!@%G')G.''%&"G.'

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=JGHC.'GH)2M"G!'8G')P!0GK%OF

:;<==dQeG3)8'`-),'%-G12,$%4GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!512,$%45e%82M'83,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

9=Y :;<==dQe 9?<

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

Fg9VNG*+G'C%,%GH.8G)&%GP%,8)&G4)2GH)2M"GM!@%G')G8%%G8P%.@G.'

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=JGHC)GH)2M"G'C.'GK%OF

:;<==dQeG3)8'`-),'%-G12,$%4GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!512,$%45e%82M'83,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

9=> :;<==dQe 9?<

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

Fg9YNG*+G4)2G0)2M"GI!$%G'C%GP%)PM%GHC)G"%8!I&G.&"GPM.&

:!@!-.&!.G!&GY?9G)&%GP!%0%G)+G."$!0%JGHC.'GH)2M"G!'GK%OF

:;<==dQeG3)8'`-),'%-G12,$%4GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!512,$%45e%82M'83,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

9=^ :;<==dQe 9?<

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

F#$%&G'C)2ICG'C%G.$%,.I%G.&8H%,8G)+G'C%G82,$%4G.,%G-.!&M4

P)8!'!$%JG'C!8G82,$%4G8C)H%"G28G.GM)'G)+G'C!&IGH%G0)2M"58C)2M"

C.$%G")&%GK%''%,?

X)GI!$%G_28'G)&%G8-.MMG.&"G8!-PM%G%/.-PM%JG%$%&G'C)2IC

.M-)8'G%$%,4)&%G8%%-%"G')GK%G0)&'%&'GH!'CG'C%G+))"JGH%

M%.,&%"G'C.'G)2,G0C)!0%G)+G0.'%,!&IG-!88%"G.&G+.$)2,!'%G)+

%$%,4)&%NG+,%8CG+,2!'?

XC%,%G.,%G"!,%0'G0)&0M28!)&8G'C.'G.,%G!-PM!0!'G!&G'C%GQ&.M48!8

'C.'GH%GH!MMG&)'G,%P%.'GC%,%JG820CG.8G'C%G$!8!'),8LGP,)+!M%?G\%,%

H%GH!MMG!&8'%."G+)028G)&G-),%G!&"!,%0'G+!&"!&I8G.&"G,%P%.'%"

0)--%&'8G+,)-G'C%G,%8P)&8%8GH%G,%0%!$%"JG.8GH%MMG.8G'C%

+%%"K.0@GH%GI)'G!&G)'C%,GH.48GB-.!&M4G!&GP%,8)&E?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()&0M28!)&8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()&0M28!)&83,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

9=c :;<==dQe V?V

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

FZ%8!"%8G'C%G)K$!)28GF3M.&G.C%."JG")&L'G-.@%G8C.,PG'2,&8FJGH%

&)HG,%.M!T%GH%G"!"&L'GC.$%G.G8',)&IG2&!+!%"GC!ICM4`$!8!KM%

0C.&&%MG+),G820CG.&&)2&0%-%&'8jG'C%,%GH.8G'C%G-.!M!&IGM!8'G+),

)&%G8!"%JG'C%GH!@!G)&G'C%G)'C%,JG.&"G'C%G$%,K.MG0)--2&!0.'!)&

H!'CG'C%G),I.&!T%,8JGK2'G-.&4G"!"&L'GP.4G'C.'G-20CG.''%&'!)&G')

'C%GH!@!JG8)-%G"!"&L'G,%."G.MMG'C%G&2-%,)28G-.!M8G')GH!@!-.&!.`

MJG.&"GH%,%&L'GM))@!&IG+),G.&G),I.&!T%,G')G0.'0CG2PGH!'CG'C%

M.'%8'8G&%H8?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()&0M28!)&8GU*&'%,&.MR0)--2&!0.'!)&8GC''PN

55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()&0M28!)&8U*&'%,&.MR0)--2&!0.'!)&8

3,!-.,4b0')K%,

<==d

Page 27: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

!" #$%&' ()"% *&+),-.&' #/',.0' 1)2,0%3,!-.,45

1%0)&".,46.'% 7)'%8

9=a :;<==dQe V?V

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

F;),.MG)+G'C%G8'),4OG\.$%G.G$%,4`M)HG',.++!0JGC!IC`!-P),'.&0%

.&&)2&0%-%&'G0C.&&%M?

Z%G!'G.G8P%0!.MGnH!@!-.&!.`.&&)2&0%-%&'8oG-.!M!&IGM!8'JG.&

e11%"GKM)IG),G.GI!I.&'!0G%M%0',)&!0GK).,"G.'G'C%G$%&2%L8GC.MMJ

'C%,%G-28'GK%G.GH.4G')G'%MMGP%)PM%GFI248JG")G,%."G'C!8JG!'L8

!-P),'.&'F?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()&0M28!)&8GU*&'%,&.MR0)--2&!0.'!)&8GC''PN

55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()&0M28!)&8U*&'%,&.MR0)--2&!0.'!)&8

3,!-.,4b0')K%,

<==d

9=d :;<==dQe V?V

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

FQG-.!MG.&&)2&0%-%&'JG),G.G8P%0!.MGK).,"GH!'CG+M.8C!&IG&%H8J

0)2M"GC.$%G!-P,)$%"G'C%G0)--2&!0.'!)&G.'G'C%G$%&2%8?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()&0M28!)&8GU*&'%,&.MR0)--2&!0.'!)&8GC''PN

55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()&0M28!)&8U*&'%,&.MR0)--2&!0.'!)&8

3,!-.,4b0')K%,

<==d

99= :;<==dQe V?V

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

F*'G!8G"!++!02M'G')G+),%8%%G'C%GP)88!KM%G8%02,!'4GP,)KM%-8G'C.'G0.&

.,!8%JG.&"G%$%&GC.,"%,G')G"%0!"%GH%,%G!8G'C%G-!""M%GP)!&'

K%'H%%&G8%02,!'4G.&"G!&',28!$%&%88?GXC),)2ICG'C)2IC'G-28'GK%

I!$%&G')G'C!8G!882%JG%8P%0!.MM4G!&GK!IG0!'!%8JGH!'CGP)'%&'!.MM4G-),%

)PP),'2&!8'!0G'C!%$%8?

Q""!'!)&.MM4JGH%GC."GVG-),%G.''%&"%%8GI%'G'C%!,[email protected]@8

8')M%&G!&GP2KM!0G.,%.8G),GK.,8?GQGH.,&!&IG')G$!8!'),8G0)2M"GK%

!882%"G!+G'C%G),I.&!T%,8G0)&8!"%,G!'G&%0%88.,4F

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()&0M28!)&8GU1%02,!'4GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()&0M28!)&8U1%02,!'43,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

999 :;<==dQe V?V

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

FQ&)'C%,G0)--)&G0)-PM.!&'GH.8G'C%GP)),G-.!&'%&.&0%G.&"

0M%.&M!&%88G)+G'C%G')!M%'8?

XC%,%GH.8&L'G-20CG'C%G),I.&!T!&IG'%.-G0)2M"GC.$%G")&%G')

!-P,)$%G'C%8%GP,)KM%-8JGK2'G!&G820CG0.8%8G!'G!8G.MH.48

."$!8.KM%G')G!&+),-G.''%&"%%8GK%+),%G')JG.'GM%.8'JG-!&!-!T%G'C%

"!80)&'%&'?G*+G4)2G@&)HG8)-%'C!&IG!8GI)!&IG')GK%G"!8M!@%"G.&"

0.&L'G")G.&4'C!&IG')G.$)!"G!'JGM%'GP%)PM%G@&)HG.K)2'G!'GH%MM

K%+),%C.&"?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()&0M28!)&8GU]%&2%8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()&0M28!)&8U]%&2%83,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

99< :;<==dQe Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

FXC%G-.!&G$%&2%GC."G.GK!IG0)--)&GC.MMG+!MM%"GH!'CG0)20C%8

.&"G0)++%%G'.KM%8JG.&"GH.8GM)0.'%"G.'G'C%G%/!'G)+G'H)G)+G'C%

0)&+%,%&0%G,))-8JG.&"G!'G8%,$%"G!'8GP2,P)8%G)+G.G8)0!.M!T!&I

C2KGH%MM?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()&0M28!)&8GU1)0!.M!T.'!)&GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()&0M28!)&8U1)0!.M!T.'!)&3,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

99V :;<==dQe V?V

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

F:%G0.&G)&M4G"%"20%G'C.'G4)2G_28'G0.&L'GC.$%G%&)2ICG)+

0)--)&G8P.0%8JG8)0!.M!T!&IG.0'!$!'!%8G.&"G@&)H`4)2,`+%MM)H

.''%&"%%G.0'!$!'!%8JG.&"G82II%8'G),I.&!T%G.GM)'G)+G.MMG)+G'C%-J

P%,C.P8G'.@!&IG0.,%G)+G&)'G82P%,!-P)8!&IG'C%-G!&G'!-%G&),

8PM!''!&IGP%)PM%G!&GI,)2P8?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()&0M28!)&8GU1)0!.M!T.'!)&GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()&0M28!)&8U1)0!.M!T.'!)&3,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

99Y :;<==dQe V?V

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

FQ&)'C%,G!"%.G')GC.$%G!&G-!&"G!8G')GP,%8%&'G'C%G),I.&!T%,8

"2,!&IG'C%G)P%&!&IG0%,%-)&4JG.&"GM%'G'C%-GC.$%G8)-%G-),%

+,%%G'!-%G')GH.&"%,G.,)2&"G'C%G0,)H"?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()&0M28!)&8GU1)0!.M!T.'!)&GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()&0M28!)&8U1)0!.M!T.'!)&3,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

99> :;<==dQe V?V

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

FXC%G80C%"2M%GP,)$%"G')GK%G)&%G)+G'C%G-)8'G"!++!02M'G.&"G0,!'!0.M

P.,'8G)+G'C%G),I.&!T.'!)&?G3%)PM%GH.&'G')G@&)HGHC)GH.8

8P%.@!&IGB.&"GHC%&EG.G-)&'CG!&G."$.&0%G')G"%0!"%G!+G'C%4GH!MM

K%GP.,'!0!P.'!&IJG.&"GHC%&G')G',.$%M?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()&0M28!)&8GU3,)I,.-GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()&0M28!)&8U3,)I,.-3,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

99^ :;<==dQe V?V

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

F7)G-.''%,GC)HG-20CG'!-%G!&G."$.&0%G4)2G',4G')G.,,.&I%

'C!&I8JG4)2GC.$%G')GK%GP,%P.,%"G')G,.P!"M4G,%8P)&"G')

0)&'!&I%&0!%8G'C.'GH!MMG+),G82,%G.,,!$%G.'G.MMG'!-%JG+,)-G%.,M4

PM.&&!&IG')G'C%GM.8'G-!&2'%G)+G'C%GM.8'G0)&+%,%&0%?GXC!8G!&0M2"%8

C.$!&IG.G3M.&GZG.&"GH!M"`0.,"8G+),GHC.'%$%,G4)2G-.&.I%G')

P,%P.,%?G\.$%GP,%"%+!&%"G0C.&&%MB8EG+),G0)--2&!0.'!&I

0C.&I%8GP,!),G')G.&"G"2,!&IG'C%G0)&+%,%&0%JG.&"G-.@%G'C)8%

0C.&I%8GIM)K.MM4G0)&8!8'%&'GBH!@!JGP,!&'%"GK).,"8JG+M4%,8JG%'0E?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()&0M28!)&8GU3,)I,.-GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()&0M28!)&8U3,)I,.-3,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

99c :;<==dQe Y?9

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

FQ&)'C%,G82II%8'!)&GH.8G')G!&0M2"%G-),%GP%)PM%G+,)-G)2'8!"%

'C%GH!@!`H),M"GH%G@&)HG8)GH%MMJG+),G'C%4G0.&GI!$%G+,%8C%,G$!%H8

.&"G!"%.8?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()&0M28!)&8GU3,)I,.-GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()&0M28!)&8GU3,)I,.-3,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

Page 28: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

!" #$%&' ()"% *&+),-.&' #/',.0' 1)2,0%3,!-.,45

1%0)&".,46.'% 7)'%8

99a :;<==dQe <?9

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

FXC%GP)8'%,G8%88!)&8G.&"GM!IC'&!&IG'.M@8GH%,%GP)),M4

P2KM!0!8%"?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()&0M28!)&8GU3,)I,.-GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()&0M28!)&8U3,)I,.-3,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

99d :;<==dQe V?V

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

Ff!IC'&!&IG'.M@8G.,%G.GI,%.'G.&"G%++%0'!$%GB.&"GP,)K.KM4G)&%G)+

'C%G+%HEGH.4G)+GP%)PM%G8C.,!&IG$.M2.KM%G!"%.8G'C.'GP,)K.KM4

.&"G+),GHC.'%$%,G,%.8)&G"!"&L'G-.@%G!'G.8G.GP,%8%&'.'!)&?G:%

8C)2M"G%&0)2,.I%GP%)PM%G')GP,%P.,%G'C%-GH!'CG'!-%G.&"

P,%8%&'G.8G-.&4G)+G'C%-G.8GP)88!KM%?GZ2'G!'GH)2M"G.M8)GK%

!-P),'.&'G')G@&)HGH!'CG.'GM%.8'G8)-%G.&'!0!P.'!)&GHC.'GH!MMG'C%4

K%G.K)2'JG8)GP%)PM%G0.&G"%0!"%GHC!0CG)&%8G'C%4G.,%G-)8'

!&'%,%8'%"G!&?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()&0M28!)&8GU3,)I,.-GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()&0M28!)&8U3,)I,.-3,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

9<= :;<==dQe <?9

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

FXC%,%GH%,%G8%$%,.MG0)-PM.!&'8JG&)'G)&M4G'C,)2ICG'C%G82,$%4

K2'GP%,8)&.MM4JG)&Ge!0C.,"G1'.MM-.&L8G@%4&)'%GP,%8%&'.'!)&?

;.&4G+%M'G1'.MM-.&G!882%"G.&G%/'%&8!$%G.&"G&)&`0)&8',20'!$%

0,!'!D2%G)+G.G82K_%0'GC%GH.8&L'GH%MMG!&+),-%"G)+JG.&"G8'2KK),&M4

+.!M%"G')GP,)0%88G.&4G+%%"K.0@G)&G'C%G82K_%0'?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()&0M28!)&8GU3,)I,.-GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()&0M28!)&8U3,)I,.-3,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

9<9 :;<==dQe Y?9

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

FA),G+2'2,%G8P%.@%,8GH%GC."G.GM)'G)+G82II%8'!)&8JG8)-%G8%,!)28

.&"G)'C%,G&)'G'C.'G-20C?Gf!&28GX),$.M"8GC."G.GK2&0CG)+G$)'%8J

HC!M%G7).-G(C)-8@4G.&"G12%Gl.,"&%,G-),%G'C.&G)&%?G*&

I%&%,.MG'C%,%GH%,%G82II%8'!)&8G)+GP%)PM%G!&$)M$%"G!&GbP%&

1)2,0%G.&"G)P%&GW&)HM%"I%G!"%)M)I!%8JGK2'G.M8)GM)0.M

P)M!'!0!.&8JGPC!M)8)PC%,8JG%"20.'),8G.&"G82PP),'%,8G)+

%-P)H%,!&IG'C!,"`H),M"G0)2&',!%8?

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()&0M28!)&8GU3,)I,.-GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()&0M28!)&8U3,)I,.-3,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

9<< :;<==dQe 9?V

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

F;.@%G82,%G4)2G,%."G.MMG82II%8'!)&8GC%,%GnM!&@G')G'C%G0)-PM%'%

.&8H,G')Gg9VoF?

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()&0M28!)&8GU3,)I,.-GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()&0M28!)&8U3,)I,.-3,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

9<V :;<==dQe Y?9

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

FXC%,%GH%,%G"!++%,%&'G82II%8'!)&8G)&G+2'2,%G')P!08JGK2'

%"20.'!)&JG8%-.&'!0G-%"!.:!@!JGD2.M!'4G0)&',)MG.&"

PM.&&!&I58',.'%I4GHC%,%G'C%G-)8'G.8@%"G+),?Gb'C%,8GP)P2M.,

HC%,%GI)$%,&.&0%JG)++M!&%G0)&'%&'JGK)'8JG.&"G!&'%MM%0'2.M

P,)P%,'4?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()&0M28!)&8GU3,)I,.-GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()&0M28!)&8U3,)I,.-3,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

9<Y :;<==dQe V?9

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

F:%GC."G>G)$%,M.PP!&IG0)&+%,%&0%G,))-8JGHC.'G-."%G.GM)'G)+

.''%&"%%8G-!88GP,%8%&'.'!)&8G'C%4GH%,%GC)P!&IG')GC%.,J

K%0.28%G'C%4GC."G)'C%,8G8!-2M'.&%)28M4jG&%$%,'C%M%88JG-)8'

0)&+%,%&0%8GH%,%G,%0),"%"G.&"GP2'G)&M!&%G8)G'C%4GH)2M"&L'

-!88G'C%-G%&'!,%M4?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()&0M28!)&8GU3,)I,.-GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()&0M28!)&8U3,)I,.-3,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

9<> :;<==dQe Y?V

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

F:%GC."G.&G!-P),'.&'G&2-K%,G)+G.00,%"!'%"GP,%88G$!8!'),8

"2,!&IG'C%G0)&+%,%&0%G'C.'G!&G'2,&G"%M!$%,%"G&%H8G)+

:!@!-%"!.L8GP,)_%0'8G')G.GH!"%G,.&I%G)+G,%."%,8?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()&0M28!)&8GU3,)I,.-GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()&0M28!)&8U3,%88R?<^R,%.0C3,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

9<^ :;<==dQe Y?V

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

F:%G.M8)GC."G.,)2&"G9>pG)+GM)0.MG.''%&"%%8JGHC!0CG!8G.GI))"

&2-K%,G0)&8!"%,!&IG'C%G0)&+%,%&0%G'))@GPM.0%G"2,!&IGH),@!&I

".48?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()&0M28!)&8GU3,%88GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()&0M28!)&8U3,%88R?<^R,%.0C3,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

9<c :;<==dQe Y?V

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

F7%$%,'C%M%88JG'C%,%G8%%-%"G')GK%GM!-!'%"GP,%88G0)$%,.I%G+,)-

P,)-!&%&'G-%"!.G)+G'C%G%$%&'GK)'CG!&GQ,I%&'!&.G.&"GH),M"H!"%?

:%G8C)2M"G',4G28!&IG&%H8G)&G:!@!-.&!.G.8G.G-%.&8G)+

)K'.!&!&IG-),%GP.,'!0!P.&'8JGK2'G.M8)G28%,8G.&"G%"!'),8?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()&0M28!)&8GU3,%88GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()&0M28!)&8U3,%88R?<^R,%.0C3,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

9<a :;<==dQe Y?9

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

Fb,I.&!T!&IG.G:!@!-.&!.G!&G4)2,G0)2&',4G!8G.GP,!$!M%I%G)+GHC!0C

-./!-2-G."$.&'.I%G8C)2M"GK%G'.@%&?Ge%.0C!&IG.8G-.&4

P%)PM%JG0)&$%,'!&IGP.88!$%G28%,8G!&')G.0'!$%G%"!'),8JG),

8P,%."!&IG'C%G0)&0%P'G)+G+,%%G.&"G)P%&G@&)HM%"I%G.8GH!"%M4

.8GP)88!KM%G0.&GI!$%G'C%GM)0.MG:!@!-%"!.&G0)--2&!'4G.G$%,4

!-P),'.&'GK))8'?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()&0M28!)&8GU3,%88GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()&0M28!)&8U3,%88R?<^R,%.0C3,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

Page 29: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

!" #$%&' ()"% *&+),-.&' #/',.0' 1)2,0%3,!-.,45

1%0)&".,46.'% 7)'%8

9<d :;<==dQe V?V

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

F*'G8C)2M"GK%G0)&8!"%,%"GC.$!&IG'C%G0)&+%,%&0%G+,)-GA,!".4G')

12&".4JG!&G),"%,G')G.$)!"GC.$!&IG8)G-.&4GP%)PM%G,%&)2&0!&I

')G:!@!-.&!.GK%0.28%G)+GH),@58'2"!%8?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()&0M28!)&8GU3,%88GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()&0M28!)&8U3,%88R?<^R,%.0C3,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

9V= :;<==dQe V?V

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

FXC%,%G8%.-%"G')GK%G8)-%G"!80)&'%&'G)&G'C%GH.4GPM.&%G'!0@%'8

HC%,%GC.&"M%"JGHC!0CG,%82M'%"G!&G-),%G%/P%&8!$%G+M!IC'8G4%'

M%88G0)&$%&!%&'G+),G'C%G.''%&"%%8?G3%,C.P8G!'GH)2M"GK%GI))"G!+

'C%G.''%&"%%G0)2M"G82II%8'G.G0)2PM%G)+GP)88!K!M!'!%8G+),G'C%

0)--!''%%G')GC.$%G!&G-!&"?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()&0M28!)&8GU10C)M.,8C!P8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()&0M28!)&8U10C)M.,8C!P83,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

9V9 :;<==dQe V?V

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

F3%)PM%GP)!&'%"G)2'G'C.'G'C%,%GH%,%G0C.P'%,8G'C.'GH%,%G&)'

,%P,%8%&'%"G.'G:!@!-.&!.JG.&"G'C.'G'C%,%GH%,%G$%,4GM!''M%

P%)PM%G+,)-G'C!,"GH),M"G0)2&',!%8JGHC)G.MH.48GC.$%G-),%

"!++!02M'!%8G')G+!&"G+!&.&0!&I?

:C%&G.H.,"!&IG80C)M.,8C!P8GK.M.&0!&IG'C!8G%0)&)-!0GK!.8

8C)2M"GK%G.&G!-P),'.&'G!'%-?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()&0M28!)&8GU10C)M.,8C!P8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()&0M28!)&8U10C)M.,8C!P83,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

9V< :;<==dQe V?9

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

FXC%GM!$%G$!"%)G8',%.-!&IGH.8G)&%G)+G'C%G'%0C&!0.MG&)$%M'!%8

H%GC."G"2,!&IG'C!8G:!@!-.&!.JG.&"G!'GH.8GH!"%M4GP,.!8%"?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()&0M28!)&8GUX%0C&!0.MGC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()&0M28!)&8UX%0C&!0.M3,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

9VV :;<==dQe V?9

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

FQ&)'C%,GP,.!8%"G"%'.!MGH.8G'C%G%/'%&8!$%G0)$%,.I%G)+G%M%0',!0

P)H%,G.'G'C%G0)&+%,%&0%G,))-8G.&"GC.MM8G')G.$)!"GM.P')P`

"%P%&".&'8G')G,2&G)2'G)+G_2!0%?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()&0M28!)&8GUX%0C&!0.MGC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()&0M28!)&8UX%0C&!0.M3,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

9VY :;<==dQe V?9

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

FG'C!8GH.8G8)M$%"GK4G28!&IGe).-!&IG!&8'%."G+),G'C%G+)MM)H!&I

".48?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()&0M28!)&8GUX%0C&!0.MGC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()&0M28!)&8UX%0C&!0.M3,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

9V> :;<==dQe V?9

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

F()&+%,%&0%G,))-8GC."GK)'CGH!,%M%88G.&"G.GH!,%"G0)&&%0'!)&

+),G'C%GP,%8%&'%,JG.8GH%MMG.8G.G"%8@')PG0)-P2'%,JG!&G0.8%G'C%

P,%8%&'%,G&%%"%"G'C%-?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()&0M28!)&8GUX%0C&!0.MGC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()&0M28!)&8UX%0C&!0.M3,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

9V^ :;<==dQe V?<

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

F1)-%G0)-PM.!&%"G'C.'G"2,!&IG'C%G0M)8!&IG0%,%-)&4G'C%4

-!88%"GD2!'%G.GM)'G'C.'GH.8G8.!"G!&G1P.&!8CJG.&"G'C.'G'C%4G"!"&L'

@&)HG'C%4GH)2M"GK%G&%%"!&IG'C%G.$.!M.KM%G',.&8M.'!)&

C%."PC)&%8?G:%G.P)M)I!8%G+),G!'JGK2'GH%GH)2M"G.M8)GM!@%G')GM%'

4)2G@&)HG'C.'G'C.'GP.,'G)+G'C%G8P%%0CG!&G1P.&!8CGH.8G"!,%0'%"

')G.MMG'C%GM)0.MG0))P%,.'),8JG$)M2&'%%,8G.&"G'C%G),I.&!T!&I

'%.-?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()&0M28!)&8GUX%0C&!0.MGC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()&0M28!)&8UX%0C&!0.M3,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

9Vc :;<==dQe Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

FXC%G+))"GH.8GI%&%,.MM4GP,.!8%"?F:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()&0M28!)&8GUb'C%,8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()&0M28!)&8Ub'C%,83,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

9Va :;<==dQe V?V

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

FQ-)&IG'C%G0,!'!08GH%GI)'G.,%G'C%GM.0@G)+G0M%.,G"!8'!&0'!)&G)+

$%I%'.,!.&G+))"JGM.0@G)+G+,%8CG+,2!'JG.&"G%/0%88G)+G")2IC?GXC%

M.8'G,%8P)&"8G')G'C%G&%0%88!'4G)+GC.$!&IG+))"G%.8!M4G%.'%&GH!'C

)&%GC.&"JGK2'G)'C%,G)P'!)&8G0.&GK%G8'2"!%"?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()&0M28!)&8GUb'C%,8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()&0M28!)&8Ub'C%,83,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

9Vd :;<==dQe V?V

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

F1)-%G0)-PM.!&%"G'C%GP.,'4GH.8G'))GM)2"G.&"G".,@?G62,!&IG'C%

P.,'4G8%$%,.MGP%)PM%GH%&'G)2'8!"%G')G%&_)4G'C%G0.M-G&!IC'G.&"G.

0C.'?GQ&G."_.0%&'G0M%.,G.&"GD2!%'%,GPM.0%GH)2M"GC.$%GK%%&G.

I))"G!"%.?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()&0M28!)&8GUb'C%,8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()&0M28!)&8Ub'C%,83,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

9Y= :;<==dQe 9?<

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

F3M%.8%JG.""GB!&G.G&%HG8%0'!)&EG.&4G.&.M48%8G)+G'C%G:!@!-.&!.

<==dG),I.&!T.'!)&G'C.'G4)2GK%M!%$%G!8G-!88!&IG+,)-G'C%GP)8'`

-),'%-G.&"G!'8G0)&0M28!)&8?

*+G4)2GC.$%G.G0)--%&'G)&G'C%GP)8'`-),'%-G!'8%M+JG),G.,%G2&82,%

HC%'C%,G),G&)'G'C!8G!8G'C%G,!IC'GPM.0%G+),G4)2,G0)--%&'JG4)2G0.&

_28'GM%.$%G.G-%88.I%G)&G'C%GP)8'`-),'%-L8G"!80288!)&?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()--%&'8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()--%&'83,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

9Y9 :;<==dQe <?Y

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F7)'G%$%,4)&%G!8GC.PP4G')G"!80M)8%G'C%!,G,%.MGM!+%G!"%&'!'4?GXC%,%

8C)2M"GK%G.&G)P'!)&G&)'G')GC.$%G'C!8G"!80M)8%"G)&G"%M%I.'%

P.88%8?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()--%&'8GU3,!$.04GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()--%&'8U3,!$.043,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

Page 30: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

!" #$%&' ()"% *&+),-.&' #/',.0' 1)2,0%3,!-.,45

1%0)&".,46.'% 7)'%8

9Y< :;<==dQe V?V

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*G'C!&@G'C!8GB8%0'!)&GF3,!$.04FEG!8G.G$%,4GI))"G.PP,).0C?GS8%,8

0.&G8%M%0'G!&G'C%G,%I!8',.'!)&GC)HG-20CGP,!$.04G'C%4GH.&'JG%?I?

C)HG-20CGP%,8)&.MG!&+),-.'!)&GB,%.MG&.-%JGP!0'2,%8EG'C%

),I.&!T%,8G-.4GI!$%G)2'?F

:;<==dQeG3)8'-),'%-G()--%&'8GU3,!$.04GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==d?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!53)8'-),'%-5()--%&'8U3,!$.043,!-.,4

b0')K%,

<==d

9YV :;<=9=3f 9?9

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

F:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G!8G)$%,GqG'C.&@8G')G'C%G.''%&"%%8G.&"G)'C%,8

HC)G-."%G!'GI,%.'JG!&GP%,8)&G.&"G)&M!&%?Gl!$%G28G+%%"K.0@G)&

HC.'G4)2GM!@%"G.&"G"!8M!@%"?GQ&"G8%%G4)2G&%/'G4%.,G!&G\.!+.[F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!083,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9YY :;<=9=3f 9?9

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

F\)HGH.8G:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G+),G4)2OG:C.'GH.8G.-.T!&IJGHC.'

H.8G.&&)4!&IOG\%MPG:!@!-.&!.G%$)M$%G`GP,%8%&'G4)2,GP)8!'!$%

.&"G&%I.'!$%G,%$!%H8GC%,%JGPM%.8%?GA%%MG+,%%G')G.""G-),%

8%0'!)&8?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!083,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9Y> :;<=9=3f Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

Fl%&%,.MM4G.G$%,4GI,%.'G-%%'!&IG.'G.GI))"G$%&2%GH!'CG.&

.M-)8'G'))G8',)&IGP,)I,.-GB*GH!8CG*G0)2M"GK%G.'G8%$%,.MGPM.0%8

.'G)&0%EG.&"G%&'C28!.8'!0GP.,'!0!P.&'8GQ&"GD2!'%G.-.T!&IG'C.'

4)2G0.&GC.$%G'C%GXC%G3C!MC.,-)&!0GH!'CG.G&%HGH),@G.&"

")02-%&'.,4G-)$!%G'))?GXC%G.00)-)".'!)&GH.8G.M8)G&!0%?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUl%&%,.MGC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Ul%&%,.MR0)--%&'83,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9Y^ :;<=9=3f Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*GM)$%"G'C%G-28!0JGC.$!&IG'C%GP.,'4G.'G'C%G8C!P4.,"GH.8

.H%8)-%?G*GM)$%"G'C%GP%)PM%G'C.'G*G-%'G'C!8G!8GHC.'G-.@%8

:!@!-.&!.G8)G,%M%$.&'G.&"G!-P),'.&'?G*GH.8G8)GC.PP4G'C.'

%$%,4)&%G8C.,%"G'C%G8.-%G+.0!M!'!%8GB'C%,%GH%,%G'C%G8P%0!.M

,))-8GK2'GH%G.'%G')I%'C%,G.&"GH%GC."G0)++%%G')I%'C%,E?

l".&[email protected],%.'GC)8'G+),G28?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUl%&%,.MGC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Ul%&%,.MR0)--%&'83,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9Yc :;<=9=3f Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FA.&'.8'!0G-%%'!&IGH!'CGM)'8G)+G%&%,I4JGI))"JG$%,4GH%MM

%/%02'%"GP,)I,.-JGI,%.'GP.,'!0!P.&'8?GXC%G$%&2%GH.8

8P%0'.02M.,?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUl%&%,.MGC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Ul%&%,.MR0)--%&'83,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9Ya :;<=9=3f Y?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*G-!88GC)H%$%,G8)-%G)2',%.0CG')H.,"8G'C%G)2'8!"%GH),M"?

()2M"G8)-%GP2KM!0G)++!0!.M8GK%G!&$!'%"G')GP,%8%&'G),G+),GP.&%M

"!80288!)&8OGXC%G!882%8G.,%G-.&4NG0)P4,!IC'G8'.'28G)+GP2KM!0M4`

+2&"%"G-.'%,!.MJGH!@!P%"!.G!&G%"20.'!)&JG%'0?G3%,C.P8G'C%

P.,'!0!P.&'8G0)2M"GC.$%GPC48!0.MM4GM%+'G'C%G$%&2%G')GI!$%

H),@8C)P8G.'G80C))M852&!$%,8!'!%8JG%'0?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUl%&%,.MGC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Ul%&%,.MR0)--%&'83,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9Yd :;<=9=3f Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FXC%GM)0.'!)&GH.8G.H%8)-%G`GK)'CG'C%G0!'4JG.&"G'C%GK2!M"!&I?

A.&'.8'!0GM%&I'C8G)+GK,%.@8JGH!'CGPM%&'4G)+G'!-%G')G'.M@G')

P%)PM%?Gl,%.'G),I.&!T.'!)&G)+G'C%GH%.'C%,?G*G_28'GH!8CG*L"GK%%&

.KM%G')G8P%&"G-),%G'!-%G.'G!'?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUl%&%,.MGC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Ul%&%,.MR0)--%&'83,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9>= :;<=9=3f Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F6%8P!'%G.MMG-4GK!0@%,!&IGK%M)HJG*G'C!&@G'C!8G:!@!-.&!.GH),@%"

)2'GI,%.'?GHC.'G%M8%G0.&G4)2G%/P%0'GHC%&G4)2GC.$%G8%$%,.M

C2&",%"GH!@!P%"!.&8G!&G)&%GPM.0%GNEF

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUl%&%,.MGC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Ul%&%,.MR0)--%&'83,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9>9 :;<=9=3f Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*G%&_)4%"G!'G.&"G.-GIM."G*GH%&'?G*G,%.MM4GM!@%"G'C%GH.4GH%GI)'

H!@!-%"!.&8G+,)-G.MMG)$%,G'C%GIM)K%?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUl%&%,.MGC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Ul%&%,.MR0)--%&'83,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9>< :;<=9=3f Y?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*&G'C%GH,!''%&GP,)I,.-JG*GH)2M"GC.$%GM!@%"G')GC.$%G8)-%G28%+2M

3)M!8CGPC,.8%8G',.&8M.'%"5',.&8M!'%,.'%"JG%8P%0!.MM4GFXC.&@

4)2F?G*G0)&8'.&'M4G+),I)'GC)HG')G8.4G!'????G!'L8G.G8-.MMGK2'G&!0%

')20CG')GC.$%?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUl%&%,.MGC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Ul%&%,.MR0)--%&'83,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9>V :;<=9=3f Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*'GH.8G.G$%,4G%&,!0C!&IG.&"G%/0!'!&IG%/P%,!%&0%?G3%,+%0'G+),

8C.,%G)P!&!)&8G.&"G@&)HG"!++%,%&'GP)!&'8G)+G$!%H?G*G%&_)4%"G!'J

'C%G0!'4G.&"G'C%G$%&2%G.,%G,%.MM4GK%.2'!+2M?GXC%G80C%"2M%JG.&"

'C%G%/P%,!%&0%G)+G8C.,!&IG'C%GH.4GH%GM!$%G.G0)--)&G)K_%0'!$%J

!&G'C%G"!++%,%&'G8P.0%8G+),G'[email protected]))"?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUl%&%,.MGC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Ul%&%,.MR0)--%&'83,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9>Y :;<=9=3f Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*G%&_)4%"G!'G$%,4G-20C?GXC%GM)0.'!)&GH.8GI,%.'?GZ!IG'C.&@8G')

%$%,4K)"4G!&$)M$%"G!&G'C%G),I.&!T.'!)&G)+G'C!8G%$%&'?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUl%&%,.MGC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Ul%&%,.MR0)--%&'83,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

Page 31: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

!" #$%&' ()"% *&+),-.&' #/',.0' 1)2,0%3,!-.,45

1%0)&".,46.'% 7)'%8

9>> :;<=9=3f Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

Fl,)2P!&IG)+G-2M'!PM%GP,%8%&'.'!)&8G)&G,%M.'%"G')P!08G!&G)&%

8%88!)&GH.8G.&G!&'%,%8'!&IG0)&0%P'G*GC)P%G')G8%%G)&G+2'2,%

:!@!-.&!.8F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU3,)I,.-GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U3,)I,.-3,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9>^ :;<=9=3f <?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*G'C!&@G!'GH.8G.GK!'G0)&+28!&IG8!&0%GHC!0CGP,%8%&'.'!)&8

I,)2P%"G)&G.G')P!0GH%,%G&)'G&.-%"?G*'GH)2M"GK%G.GK%''%,

.PP,).0CG!+GH%G0)2M"G,%."GP,!),G'C%G8%88!)&G'C%G%&M!8'%"

P,%8%&'.'!)&8F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU3,)I,.-GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U3,)I,.-3,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9>c :;<=9=3f <?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FXC%G)$%,M.PGH!'CG:!@!14-GH.8GI%&%,.MM4G.GI))"G!"%.JGK2'G*G+%M'

'C.'G'C%G:!@!14-G+,!".4GK%0.-%G8)-%HC.'G"!M2'%"GK%0.28%G)+

:!@!-.&!.?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU3,)I,.-GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U3,)I,.-3,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9>a :;<=9=3f <?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FZ%!&IG'C%G'C!,"G!'%-G!&G.G8%88!)&GH.8GC!ICG,!8@G.&"G+,28',.'!&IG`

!+G'C%G%.,M!%,G)&%8G)$%,,.&G!'GH.8G4)2,GP,)KM%-G&)'G'C%!,L8F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU3,)I,.-GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U3,)I,.-3,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9>d :;<=9=3f V?V

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FXC%GV=G-!&G0)++%GK,%.@G.'G'C%G%&"G)+G%.0CG8%88!)&GI,.&'%"

8)-%G+M%/!K!M!'4GHC%&G'C!&I8GI)'GM.'%?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU3,)I,.-GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U3,)I,.-3,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

e%+?G')G!"

9>a

9^= :;<=9=3f <?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F\.$!&IGm!--4L8G@%4&)'%G'C%G-),&!&IG.+'%,G.GP.,'4GP,)K.KM4

H.8&L'G'C%GK%8'G.PP,).0CG')G'.@%???F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU3,)I,.-GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U3,)I,.-3,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9^9 :;<=9=3f V?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FZ%''%,G'C.&GC.$!&IG,%.MG8%88!)&8?F:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU3,)I,.-GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U3,)I,.-3,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

e%+?G')G!"

9^=

9^< :;<=9=3f <?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FXC%,%GH.8&L'G.GFK!IGI2%8'FG28%+2MG')G.'',.0'G.M8)G&)&`

H!@!-%"!.&8GBM!@%Ge;1JGm)!G*')G.&"Gf%88!IG!&GP,%$!)28

:!@!-.&!.8E?GXC%G0)&0%,'GH.8&L'G%&)2ICJG.PP.,%&'M4NG-.4K%

)&M4GM.0@G)+G."$%,'!8%-%&'G!&G'C%G0!'4OF

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU3,)I,.-GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U3,)I,.-3,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9^V :;<=9=3f <?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*G.0'2.MM4Ge#QffkGM!@%"G7bXGC.$!&IG@%4&)'%8GB.8!"%G+,)-

12%G.&"Gm!--4E?G*'G-%.&'G-),%G'!-%G+),GP.,.MM%MG8%88!)&8?G7)

)&%G,%.MM4GI)%8G')G:!@!-.&!.GK%0.28%G)+G'C%G@%4&)'%8JG")

'C%4OF

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU3,)I,.-GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U3,)I,.-3,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9^Y :;<=9=3f V?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*&8P!,!&IGW%4&)'%8G.,%G!-P),'.&'G%8P%0!.MM4G+,)-GP%)PM%

)2'8!"%G'C%G:!@!-%"!.G0)--2&!'4?Gk)2G0)2M"G.M8)G.0C!%$%G'C!8

H!'CG!&$!'%"G'.M@8?G\.$!&IG)&M4G8%M+`8%M%0'%"G:!@!-%"!.GP%)PM%

!&8'%."G)+G!&$!'%"G$!%H8G+,)-G)'C%,G0)--2&!'!%8G!8G&.,,)H

-!&"%"?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU3,)I,.-GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U3,)I,.-3,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

e%+?G')G!

9^V

9^> :;<=9=3f V?<:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*G'C!&@G@%4&)'%8GB),G.&4G'.M@8G+,)-GP,)+%88!)&.M8G8P%.@%,8E

H)2M"GK%G!-P),'.&'G+),G:!@!-.&!.8G')GK%0)-%G!-P),'.&'G&)'

)&M4G+),G:!@!-.&!0.8GK2'G.M8)G+),GP%)PM%G'C.'GP%,C.P8G_28'GM!@%

'C%G!"%.?G;.4K%G'C!8G0)2M"G%$%&GC%MPG,%0,2!'G&%HG+.0%8GN`E?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU3,)I,.-GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U3,)I,.-3,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

e%+?G')G!

9^V

9^^ :;<=9=3f Y?<:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*G,%.MM4G%&_)4%"G'C%GP,)I,.-?G*G'C!&@G'C%GI,)2P!&IG8%88!)&8

!"%.G0)2M"G0.'0CG)&JG.M'C)2ICG!'G&%%"8G')GK%G")&%GH!'CG0.,%

B8)-%GI,)2P!&I8GH%,%G$%,4G,.&")-E?GZ2'G!&GI%&%,.MG*G+%M'G'C.'G*

0)2M"GC%.,G+,)-G-.&4G"!++%,%&'G:!@!-%"!.&8JG)&G-.&4G"!++%,%&'

')P!08JGHC!0CG!8G'C%GHC)M%GP)!&'G+),G-%?G\.$!&IGYGP.,.MM%M

8%88!)&8G!8GK%''%,G'C.&G>GB.8G.'GZ2%&)8GQ!,%8E?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU3,)I,.-GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U3,)I,.-3,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9^c :;<=9=3f <?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F1)-%GP%)PM%L8G!&'%,P,%'.'!)&G)+GFP.&%MFG8%%-%"G')GK%GF*G'.M@

+),GY=G-!&2'%8JGD2%8'!)&8G+),G<=?FG;!IC'GK%GI))"G')G0C%0@G'C.'

P.&%MG0)&$%&),8G.0'2.MM4GC.$%G),I.&!8%"G8)-%GP.&%MM!8'8?GQ&"

M!-!'G'C%-G')G>[F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU3,)I,.-GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U3,)I,.-3,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9^a :;<=9=3f <?9f)0.M

b,I.&!T.'!)&

F*G+)2&"GK%!&IG.G8%88!)&G0C.!,G.GK!'GC.,"%,G'C.&G*G%/P%0'%"GNE

7)'G82,%GC)HG8',)&IM4GH%GH%,%G82PP)8%"G')G@%%PG'C!&I8G')

'!-%G.&"GF2&"%,G0)&',)MF?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU3,)I,.-GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U3,)I,.-3,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

Page 32: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

!" #$%&' ()"% *&+),-.&' #/',.0' 1)2,0%3,!-.,45

1%0)&".,46.'% 7)'%8

9^d :;<=9=3f <?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*GM!@%"G')GP,)I,.-GK2'G&%/'G4%.,G),I.&!T%,8G8C)2M"G-.@%G82,%

'C.'G'C%4GI%'G'C%G8M!"%8G)&M!&%G.'G)&%GPM.0%G!&G'!-%?Gk)2G0.&

+),0%G8P%.@%,8G')GI!$%G'C%!,GP,%8%&'.'!)&GK%+),%G`G_28'G0)MM%0'

'C%-G.&"G"!,%0'M4G2PM)."G'C%-G8)GP%)PM%G0.&GI%'G'C%G8M!"%8

.&"GP)!&'G)'C%,GP%)PM%G')G'C%-G"2,!&IG'C%G'.M@[F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU3,)I,.-GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U3,)I,.-3,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9c= :;<=9=3f Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FXC%G,%I!8',.'!)&G.&"G.00)--)".'!)&G!&+),-.'!)&G0.-%

8)-%HC.'GM.'%?G*GK,)2IC'G.G8M%%P!&IGK.IG.&"G8M%%P!&IGP."GH!'C

-%GK%0.28%G*GH.8&L'G82,%G)+G'C%GD2.M!'4JGK2'GHC%&G*G0.-%G*

+)2&"G'C.'G'C%G"),-G.'G'C%G-28!0G.0."%-4GH.8G)+GC)'%M`M!@%

D2.M!'4?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU()--2&!0.'!)&8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U()--2&!0.'!)&83,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9c9 :;<=9=3f <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F]!8.G82PP),'GH.8G8M)HG!&!'!.MM4JG')H.,"8G'C%G%&"G!'GK%0.-%

-20CG-),%G%++!0!%&'G'C)2ICF

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU()--2&!0.'!)&8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U()--2&!0.'!)&83,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9c< :;<=9=3f <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FXC%G,%I!8',.'!)&GP,)0%88GH.8G8M)HF:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU()--2&!0.'!)&8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U()--2&!0.'!)&83,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9cV :;<=9=3f <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*'GH)2M"GC.$%GK%%&GI))"G')G@&)HGHC%,%G*GH.8G8M%%P!&I

RK%+),%RG*G.,,!$%"G!&G'C%G0)2&',4???F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU()--2&!0.'!)&8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U()--2&!0.'!)&83,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9cY :;<=9=3f <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*&+),-.'!)&G)&G'C%GH%K8!'%GH.8G)2'G)+G".'%G`G!'G8'!MMG0)&'.!&%"

!&+),-.'!)&G+,)-G"2,!&IG'C%GK!"GP,)0%88JG,.'C%,G'C.&G2PG')G".'%

!&+),-.'!)&GBFH%GC)P%G')GC.$%???FEF

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU()--2&!0.'!)&8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U()--2&!0.'!)&83,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9c> :;<=9=3f <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FW&)H!&IG'C.'G4)2G8M%%PG!&G)'C%,G"),-!'),4G8)-%G@!M)-%'%,8

.H.4G.'G=<N==G.'G'C%G,%0%P'!)&G!8G.&G2&+),I%''.KM%G%/P%,!%&0%?G*

%&"%"G2PGI)!&IG')G.GC)8'%MGH!'CG+%MM)HGe288!.&`M.&I2.I%

.''%&"%%8NGM20@!M4JG!'GH.8G&)'G+.,G.&"G&)GP.4-%&'G+,)-G-%GH.8

&%0%88.,4F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU()--2&!0.'!)&8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U()--2&!0.'!)&83,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9c^ :;<=9=3f <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F6!'')G)'C%,8G)&GM.'%G,%I!8',.'!)&G`G!'GH.8G8)GM.'%G*GP.!"

)$%,8%.8JG.&"G3.4P.MG82K8%D2%&'M4G+,)T%G-4G.00)2&'GK%0.28%

)+G'C%GF828P!0!)28FG.0'!$!'4?GQ&"G*G.,,!$%"GH!'C)2'G@&)H!&I

HC%,%G*GH.8G8M%%P!&IG`G.&"G'C.'GH.8G)&M4G-.4K%G9<GC)2,8

K%+),%G'C%G0)&+%,%&0%GK%I.&?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU()--2&!0.'!)&8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U()--2&!0.'!)&83,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9cc :;<=9=3f <?Y

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F6%."M!&%8G+),G82K-!88!)&8JG&)'!+!0.'!)&8JG,%I!8',.'!)&G%'0?GH%,%

H.4G'))GM.'%?G;.&4GP%)PM%G"!"G&)'GP.,'!0!P.'%GK%0.28%

!-P),'.&'G".'%8G.&"G80C%"2M%GH%,%G&)'G.$.!M.KM%G.'GM%.8'G8)-%

-)&'CGK%+),%G'C%G0)&+%,%&0%?GXC!8GH.8G'C%G)&M4G'C!&IG'C.'GH%&'

K."JG'C%G,%8'GH.8GI,%.'[F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU()--2&!0.'!)&8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U()--2&!0.'!)&83,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9ca :;<=9=3f V?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F#$%,4'C!&IGH.8GM.'%JGK2'G'C%G'%.-GH.8GC%MP+2MG.&"G,%8P)&"%"

)&G%-.!M8GD2!0@M4?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU()--2&!0.'!)&8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U()--2&!0.'!)&83,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9cd :;<=9=3f <?Y

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FX!0@%'8G.&"G$)20C%,8G!&GFH%M0)-%GK.IFGH%,%G&)'G.&&)2&0%"J

&)'G-.,@%"?G*GH.8G82,P,!8%"GHC%&G!&+),-%"G*G&%%"G'C%-G.&"

HC%,%G')G+!&"G.&"G8)-%G)+G'C%-G-)$%"GK%'H%%&GP.I%8G)+

&)'%`K))@G8)G!'GH.8G"!++!02M'G')G+!&"G'C%-?G*+G%&0M)8%"G!&

%&$%M)P%JG'C%4GH)2M"GK%G-),%G&)'!0.KM%?

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU()--2&!0.'!)&8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U()--2&!0.'!)&83,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9a= :;<=9=3f Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FQ8G'C!8GH.8G'C%G+!,8'G4%.,G*G"!"&L'G.''%&"JG*GH.8G$%,4GPM%.8%"

'C.'G'C%GM!$%G8',%.-!&IGH),@%"G8)GH%MM?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU()--2&!0.'!)&8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U()--2&!0.'!)&83,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9a9 :;<=9=3f Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FXC!&I8GH%,%G,2&G$%,4G8-))'CM4?GQMMG8%88!)&8G*G.''%&"%"GH%,%

)&G'!-%JG'C%,%GH%,%G&)G"%M.48GH!'CG-%.M8G%!'C%,?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU()--2&!0.'!)&8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U()--2&!0.'!)&83,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9a< :;<=9=3f <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*'GH)2M"GC.$%GK%%&G28%+2MG')GC.$%GH.'%,G8%,$%"G.MMG'C%G'!-%

K%0.28%G)+G'C%GC%.'

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU()--2&!0.'!)&8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U()--2&!0.'!)&83,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

Page 33: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

!" #$%&' ()"% *&+),-.&' #/',.0' 1)2,0%3,!-.,45

1%0)&".,46.'% 7)'%8

9aV :;<=9=3f <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F:C%&G*GI)'G')G,%I!8',.'!)&JG'C%,%GH.8G'C!8GC2I%GD2%2%?G:%

H%,%G')M"G')G0)-%GK.0@GM.'%,?GZ2'G'C%&G*GH.8G+),G.G8%88!)&G!&

'C%G-),&!&IJG8)G)&M4G0)2M"G,%I!8'%,G.+'%,G-4G8%88!)&jGK4G'C.'

'!-%JG&)GK.IG.&4G-),%?GbC???G8)G&)G+))"G$)20C%,GOG&)G0)&0%,'

'!0@%'GOG&)GP,)I,.-GOG&)G'%%G8C!,'GOGX%.-GH.8G&!0%JG.&"G*

8200%%"%"G')G&%I)'!.'%G-)8'G)+G'C%G!-P),'.&'G'C!&I8?GZ2'G!'

H)2M"G,%.MM4GK%G&!0%G!+G.MMG.''%&"%%8GI)'G'C%G.''%&"%%8GK.I8?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU()--2&!0.'!)&8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U()--2&!0.'!)&83,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9aY :;<=9=3f Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*G.M8)GC."G8)-%G',)2KM%GP,%`0)&+%,%&0%GK2'G'C%G'%.-G)&`

M)0.'!)&GH%,%GI,%.'G!&G8)M$!&IG'C.'G.&"G$%,4GC%MP+2MG.&"GP)8'!$%

"%8P!'%G.MMG'C%G'C!&I8G'C%4GC."G')G")?GXC.&@8[

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU()--2&!0.'!)&8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U()--2&!0.'!)&83,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9a> :;<=9=3f V?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*G"!"&L'G.''%&"GK2'GH.'0C%"G'C%G8',%.-!&I?G;.&4

0)&I,.'2M.'!)&8G')G'C)8%G!&$)M$%"GH!'CG'C.'jGD2.M!'4GH.8G$%,4

I))"G.&"G,%.M`'!-%G02''!&IGK%'H%%&G$!%H8G-."%GP,%8%&'.'!)&8

$%,4G$!82.MM4G.PP%.M!&I?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU()--2&!0.'!)&8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U()--2&!0.'!)&83,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9a^ :;<=9=3f V?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FXC.&@8G+),GI,%.'G8',%.-!&IJG"%'.!M%"GP,)I,.--%G.&"G'!-%M4

-%%'!&I8?GXC!8GH.4G*GH.8G.KM%G')GI%'G,!"G)+G.MMG'C%8%G282.MMGB.&"

2&282.MMEG',.$%MG.&"G0)&+%,%&0%G!&0)&$%&!%&0%8G.&"GH.'0C

.M-)8'G.MMG*GH.&'%"GB.'GM%.8'G.8G+.,G.8G0)&0%,&%8G'C%G)++!0!.M

%$%&'8EG+,)-G-4G3)T&.rGC)-%G`G0)-+),'.KM%G.&"G0))M?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU()--2&!0.'!)&8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U()--2&!0.'!)&83,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9ac :;<=9=3f Y?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*'GH)2M"GK%GI,%.'G')GC.$%G.&G.""!'!)&.MG)PP),'2&!'4G')G8%&"

0)--%&'8G),G.8@GD2%8'!)&8G)&M!&%G!&G'C%G+2'2,%?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU()--2&!0.'!)&8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U()--2&!0.'!)&83,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9aa :;<=9=3f <?V

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FXC%G+.0'G'C.'G!'G"%P%&"%"G)&GAM.8CGH.8&L'GPM%.8!&I?G:!@!P%"!.

8C)2M"G&)'G%&"),8%G28!&IGP,)P,!%'.,4G8)+'H.,%G.&"G8'.&".,"8?

:%G8C)2M"GC.$%G-."%G28%G)+G'C%G02,,%&'G."$.&0%"G+,%%`

8'.&".,"G8'%.-!&IG28!&IG%?I?G*0%0.8'F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU()--2&!0.'!)&8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U()--2&!0.'!)&83,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9ad :;<=9=3f Y?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F:)2M"GK%GI))"G')GC.$%G.G,%0),"G)&G.,,!$.MG.&"G"%P.,'2,%

'!-%8G)+G.''%&"%%8G')GPM.&GC%MM)8G.&"GI))"K4%8G.&"GC2I8G.&"

82,P,!8%GI!+'8G.&"G4)2`&.-%`!'?GB*G+.!M%"G')GI!$%G820CG.GI!+'G')G.

0%,'.!&GP%,8)&GK%0.28%G)+G.&G%.,M4G"%P.,'2,%G*G0)2M"&s'G%$%&

I2%88G.K)2'?

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU()--2&!0.'!)&8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U()--2&!0.'!)&83,!-.,4 m2M4G<=9=

9d= :;<=9=3f <?V

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FXC%G$!"%)8G.,%G8'!MMG&)'G.$.!M.KM%JG+!$%G-)&'C8GM.'%,?F:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GU()--2&!0.'!)&8GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08U()--2&!0.'!)&83,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

9d9 :;<=9=3f <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F(C.!,8G!&G'C%G8-.MM%,G,))-8GB).@JG_.TTGC.MMEG-."%G.G&)!8%

HC%&GP%)PM%GM%.&%"G+),H.,"JGK.0@H.,"8G),G8!"%H.48?GQ'G'C%

K.0@G)+G'C%G,))-JG'C!8G&)!8%GH.8G.MMG'C.'GH.8GC%.,"?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

9d< :;<=9=3f <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

[email protected]."G.GK."G%0C)?GX))GC.,"GH.MM8JG'))GM!''M%G'%/'!M%?F:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

9dV :;<=9=3f <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F:!,%M%88GC.&"C%M"G-!0,)PC)&%8G,%P%.'%"M4G,.&G)2'G)+

K.''%,!%8G.+'%,G<=`V=G-!&2'%8JG.&"G'C%&G82""%&M4GH%&'G8!M%&'?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

9dY :;<=9=3f <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FXC%GM.0@G)+G.!,G0)&"!'!)&!&IGH.8G.GK!IG+.!M2,%F:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

9d> :;<=9=3f Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FXC%GK2!M"!&IGH.8GK%.2'!+2MJG'C%G,!IC'G8!T%G+),G'C%G%$%&'G.&"

$%,4G0)&$%&!%&'M4GM)0.'%"G&%.,G'C%G)M"G')H&G!&G0%&',.MGl".&8@?

e%8',))-85')!M%'8GH),@%"G_28'G+!&%?G1'.!,8G.&"G)P%&G8P.0%8

H%,%G$%,4GI))"G+),G8)0!.M!T!&IG.&"G%.'!&I?GXC%,%G0)2M"GC.$%

K%%&G.G+%HG-),%G'.KM%8G+),G%.'!&I?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

9d^ :;<=9=3f <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F:(s8G$%&'!M.'!)&GC.8G')GK%GM)2"%,JGI2%88GHC4?F:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

Page 34: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

!" #$%&' ()"% *&+),-.&' #/',.0' 1)2,0%3,!-.,45

1%0)&".,46.'% 7)'%8

9dc :;<=9=3f Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*G',2%M4GM)$%"G'C%GPM.0%?F:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

9da :;<=9=3f <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F]%,4G+%HGP)H%,G8)0@%'8F:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

9dd :;<=9=3f V?V

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F!&"%%"?G.G+%HGK)/%8G)+GP)H%,G8',!P8GH)2M"GC.$%GC%MP%"G.GM)'?F:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

e%+?G')G!"

9da

<== :;<=9=3f V?V

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

Fb&%G)+G'C%G),I.&!8%,8GI.$%G-%G)&%G.&"G*G0.,,!%"G!'G.,)2&"J

K2'G'C%4GH%,%GC.,"G')G+!&"?GQ&"G&)&%G!&G'C%G-.!&G,))-?GF

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

e%+?G')G!"

9da

<=9 :;<=9=3f <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*'G8%%-%"GM!@%G'C%,%GH.8G8)-%GP,%P.,.'!)&G+),G'C%G.-)2&'G)+

K.&"H!"'CG&%%"%"GK4G:!@!-.&!.08JGK2'G'C%G&%'H),@

0)&+!I2,.'!)&GH.8GM.0@!&I?G*G@&)HGH%G.MMG".KKM%G!&G'%0C&)M)I4J

K2'G'C!8G!8G'C%G'4P%G)+G'C!&IG'C.'G-!IC'GK%&%+!'G+,)-GP,)+%88!)&.M

0)&82M'.'!)&JG%$%&G!+G!'G0)8'8G.GM!''M%GK!'G)+G-)&%4?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

<=< :;<=9=3f <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FQ8GH!'CGM.8'G4%.,G'C%G"%-.&"G+),G:!A!G8H.-P%"G)2,G0.P.0!'4?

*'G&%%"8G')GK%G0.P.0!'4G'%8'%"G!&G."$.&0%G')G',4G.&"GC.$%G!'

,%."4G.'G'C%GK%I!&&!&I?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

<=V :;<=9=3f <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FZ%M!%$%G!'G),G&)'JG*GC.$%GC."GK.&"H!"'CG!882%8JGHC%&G*G0)2M"

I%'G.&G*3G."",%88?GXC%GP,)KM%-GH.8G'C%G0)&+!I2,.'!)&G)+G6\(3

.&"G'C%G28%G)+G.G5<YG82K&%'GH!'CG.G-./!-2-G)+G<>YG*38G+),

"!8',!K2'!)&?GXC%4G8.!"G)&GA,!".4G-),&!&IG'C.'G'C%4GH%,%

-.@!&IG!'G.G5<VGB>9=G*38EGK2'G*G&%$%,G8.HG'C%G.&4'C!&IG)2'8!"%

)+G'C.'G)&%GKM)0@?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

<=Y :;<=9=3f <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

Fe2&&!&IG)2'G)+G0.P.0!'4G!8G)&%G'C!&IJGK2'G'C%G8!I&.MGH.8GD2!'%

K."G!&G-.&4G.,%.8GBI,%%&GC.MMG!&GP.,'!02M.,E?G:C%&GPM.&&!&I

.00%88GP)!&'8JG,%-%-K%,G'C.'G'C%,%GH!MMGK%G.GM)'G)+GH.'%,GB!?%?

P%)PM%EG!&G'C%G,))-JG!&'%,+%,!&IF

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

<=> :;<=9=3f <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F'GH)2M"GC.$%GK%%&GK%''%,G!+GH!,%M%88GH.8G.$.!M.KM%G+,)-G'C%

$%,4GK%I!&&!&IG)+G'C%G-%%'!&I?GQM8)JG'C%,%GH.8G)&M4G)&%GPM.0%

H!'CG,%M!.KM%GH!+!JGHC!0CGH.8G'C%G0)&0%,'GC.MMG.&"G!'8G!--%"!.'%

82,,)2&"!&I8?GXC!8G-%.&'G'C.'G*GC."G&)GH!+!G,%0%P'!)&G!&G.&4G)+

'C%G)'C%,GP,%8%&'.'!)&G,))-8JGHC!0CG!8G@!&"G)+G.&&)4!&IG!+G4)2,

P,%8%&'.'!)&G!8G)&M!&%GB%?I?G.Gl))IM%G")0EG),G8%%@8G')

"%-)&8',.'%G'C!&I8G)&M!&%?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

<=^ :;<=9=3f <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FXC%,%G8C)2M"G)&M4GK%G)&%G&%'H),@G&.-%G+),G'C%GH!`+!JG.&"

,).-!&I5C.&")$%,G8C)2M"GH),@G.0,)88G'C%GK2!M"!&IF

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

<=c :;<=9=3f V?V

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*&G.""!'!)&G')GH!`+!JG'C%,%G&%%"8G')GK%G.G0%&',.MG.,%.GH!'CGH!,%"

%'C%,&%'G8)0@%'8?G#$%&GH!'CGP%,+%0'GH!`+!JG8)-%G28%,8G.,%GI)!&I

')GC.$%GP,)KM%-8?

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

<=a :;<=9=3f Y?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F:)2M"GK%G&!0%G')GC.$%G)P'!)&.MG:!A!G%&0,4P'!)&F:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

<=d :;<=9=3f <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FXC%,%GH%,%G'!-%8GHC%&G'C!&I8GI)'GC)'G.&"G",4G`GC.$!&IGH.'%,

.$.!M.KM%G.MMG'C%G'!-%GH)2M"GC.$%GK%%&GC%MP+2MJG.8G!'GH.8G!'

"!"&L'G8'.,'G'!MMG99?

???.&"G'C%&GIM.88%8G,.&G)2'?G1%,!)28M4JGC.$!&IG+,%%GH.'%,G!8

%88%&'!.M?Gk)2G0.&G8%MMG'C%G0)++%G!+G4)2GH.&'?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

Page 35: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

!" #$%&' ()"% *&+),-.&' #/',.0' 1)2,0%3,!-.,45

1%0)&".,46.'% 7)'%8

<9= :;<=9=3f <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F:%GC.$%GM)'8G)+G$%I%'.,!.&8JG.&"G8)-%GP%)PM%G)&G@)8C%,G),

C.M.MG"!%'8?G*G'C)2IC'G'C%G8)2PGH!'CGK.0)&G+)MM)H%"GK4GP),@

8.28.I%8GH.8G$%,4G&!0%JG.8GH.8G.MMG'C%G+))"?GZ2'G*G+%M'G.GM!''M%

I2!M'4G%.'!&IGHC%&G8)G-.&4GC."G&)G)P'!)&?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

<99 :;<=9=3f <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F&"%%"JG'C%GD2.M!'4G.&"GD2.&'!'4G)+G'C%G+))"GH.8G$%,4GI))"GK2'

'C%,%G,%.MM4G&%%"%"G')GK%G8)-%G"%I,%%G)+G0C)!0%?GQ'G'C%G$%,4

M%.8'JG.G-%.'G)P'!)&G.&"G.G$%I%'.,!.&G)P'!)&?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

<9< :;<=9=3f V?V

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FXC.'GH)2M"GC.$%GK%%&G28%+2MG`GK2'G!'GH.8GK%''%,G'C.&G!'

&),-.MM4G!8G!&G3)M.&"?GXC%GP)'.')%8GH%,%G+.&'.8'!0GB.8G.MH.48

!&G3)M.&"E?G*'L8G_28'G.G8C.-%G'C.'G'C%,%GH.8&L'G-),%G$.,!%'4G`G.'

)&%GP)!&'G*G%&"%"G2PGH!'CG.GPM.'%G)+GB$%,4G&!0%EG$%I%'.KM%8

)&M4F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

e%+?G')G!"

<99

<9V :;<=9=3f Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FXC%G+))"GH.8G82,P,!8!&IM4GI))"G')G'C%G80.M%G)+G'C%G-%%'!&I?F:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

<9Y :;<=9=3f Y?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*GH!8CG'%.G.&"G0)++%%GH%,%G.M8)G.$.!M.KM%G.+'%,GM2&0C?F:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

<9> :;<=9=3f Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FA))"GH.8G8!-PM%JGK2'GI))"?GZ%''%,G'C.'G'C.&G+.&04G+))"G'C.'

'.8'%8GM!@%G0,.PGj`EF

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

<9^ :;<=9=3f Y?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F;),%GM)0.MGB.&"GM%88G.MM%I%"M4G!'.M!.&`M!@%EG+))"GH)2M"GK%

K%''%,?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

<9c :;<=9=3f <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F'C%GH),8'GP,)KM%-GH!'CG%.'!&IG'C)2ICGH.8G'C%GM.0@G)+G'.KM%8?G*

")&L'G&%%"G')G8!'G+),G-4G-%.MJGK2'G!G")G&%%"G.GPM.0%G')GP2'G'C%

PM.'%?G'C.'GH.8G$%,4G.&&)4!&I?G%$%&G-),%G8)GHC%&G4)2GI)'G.

'.KM%GPM28G.GK)HMG)+G8)2P?G!-P)88!KM%G')GC.&"M%[

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

<9a :;<=9=3f <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F7)G",!&@8G!&G'C%G-),&!&IG.&"G!&G'C%G%$%&!&I?G62%G')G'C%GC)'

'%-P%,.'2,%JG)&%G0)2M"G&)'G)&M4G0)&8!"%,G'C!8G.&

!&0)&$%&!%&0%GK2'G.M8)G.GP)'%&'!.MGC%.M'CG,!8@GB"%C4",.'!)&E?

1!-PM4GH.'%,GH)2M"GC.$%GK%%&G%&)2IC

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

<9d :;<=9=3f Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FG*G-%&'!)&%"G!&G'C%G,%I!8',.'!)&G+),-G'C.'G*G%.'GC.M.M5@)8C%,

+))"G.&"G*GH)2M"GC.$%GM)$%"G')GC.$%G!'JGK2'G*G'C!&@G'C.'G'C%

.$.!M.K!M!'4G)+G$%I%'.,!.&G+))"GBHC!0CG!8GK)'CGC.M.MG.&"G@)8C%,E

H.8G$%,4GI))"G.8G)&%G)+G'C%G'H)G-.!&G"!8C%8GH.8G.MH.48

$%I%'.,!.&GB),G.'GM%.8'G'C.'G*G'C)2IC'[EF

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

<<= :;<=9=3f <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F;!88!&IG+,%%GH.'%,G!&G.&4'!-%G!8G.G,%.MGP,)KM%-G8P%0!.MM4G!&GC)'

".48GH!'C)2'G.!,G0)&"!'!)&!&I?G*+G.GK2"I%'G"%-.&"%"G'C%G0C)!0%

%!'C%,G-2M'!PM%G)P'!)&8G)+G",!&@8G!&G8%'G'!-%8G),G8%$%,.MGH.'%,

0))M%,G8%'G"2,!&IG'C%GHC)M%G0)&+%,%&0%JG*G.-G+),G'C%GM.''%,?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

<<9 :;<=9=3f Y?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FZ."I%8G0)2M"GC.$%G0)&'.!&%"G.G+M.IG)+G'C%G0)2&',4G)+G'C%G28%,?

*&'%,%8'!&IG')G8%%GC)HG-.&4G0)2&',!%8G.,%GP,%8%&'JG.&"G.GH.4

')G+!&"GP%,8)&8G!&G4)2,G)H&GM.&I2.I%F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

<<< :;<=9=3f <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F-.@%G")2KM%`8!"%"GK."I%8GHC%&G28!&IGM%&4.,"8?Gf))@%"G.'G.

M)'G)+GHC!'%GK.0@8!"%8?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

<<V :;<=9=3f <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F8%,!)28M4JG'C!8GC.8GK%%&G.&&)4!&IG)&G-.&4G:!@!`%$%&'8?G*

%$%&G')M"G'C!8G4%.,L8Gb,I.&!T%,8?GQ'GM%.8'G'C%,%GH%,%GKM.&@

&.-%GK."I%8G.$.!M.KM%G+),G'C%G)'C%,G8!"%GNEF

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

e%+?G')G!"

<<<

<<Y :;<=9=3f V?V

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F*GM!@%G'C%G82II%8'!)&G)+GP,!&'!&IG)&GK)'CG8!"%8JG.&"G*L"GM!@%G')

.""G-.@%G'C%G&.-%G),GP,%+%,,%"G&.-%GK!II%,JG.&"GI!$%G.&

)P'!)&G+),GF28%,&.-%G.&"G+!,8'&.-%FG,.'C%,G'C.&G+),0%GP%)PM%G')

0C))8%GK%'H%%&G28%,&.-%G.&"GF28%,&.-%G.&"G+2MMG&.-%FF

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

Page 36: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

!" #$%&' ()"% *&+),-.&' #/',.0' 1)2,0%3,!-.,45

1%0)&".,46.'% 7)'%8

<<> :;<=9=3f Y?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F:)2M"GK%GI,%.'G')GC.$%G'C%G+))"G.&"G",!&@G0.,"8GH!'C!&G'C%

K."I%GLK4G"%+.2M'LGB*G"!"&L'G")G'C.'G8)G*GM)8'G'C%G+))"G0.,"E?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

<<^ :;<=9=3f Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FZ."I%8G.,%G,%.".KM%G.&"G*GM!@%G!'8G8!T%?F:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

<<c :;<=9=3f Y?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F\.$!&IG.GP,)I,.-G!&GP.P%,GH!'C)2'GI,%.'G0C.&I%8G!8G82P%,J

.&"G*L"G.PP,%0!.'%G'C%G),I.&!T%,8?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

<<a :;<=9=3f <?Y

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F#$%&G.+'%,GI%''!&IG.G80C)M.,8C!PJG*G0)2M"&L'G.''%&"G:!@!-.&!.

K%0.28%G*G0)2M"G&)'GI%'G]!8.?G*GI)'G'C%G$!8.G!&$!'.'!)&GM%''%,G+,)-

3)M.&"G$%,4GM.'%GB<Y'CGm2&%EG.+'%,G-.&4G%-.!M8G')G:;AG.&"

3)M.&"?GQM-)8'G.MMG*&"!.&G:!@!P%"!.&8GC."G'C!8GP,)KM%-G.&"GH%

C."G')G'.M@G-.&4G'!-%8G')G'C%G()&82M.'%G)++!0%,G!&G*&"!.G.&"GC%

.I,%%"G')G'.@%G)2,G]!8.G.PPM!0.'!)&G.'G'C%GM.8'G-)-%&'?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUf)I!8'!08GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08Uf)I!8'!083,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

<<d :;<=9=3f <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FXC%G+!,8'GPM.0%G*GH.8G8%&'G')GH.8GH,)&IG.&"G*GC."G')G0.,,4G-4

8'2++GK.0@G')G'C%G)++!0%G.&"GK%G8%&'G%M8%HC%,%?G*G'C!&@G'C!8GH.8

.G0)--)&GP,)KM%-G.8G*G-%'G8%$%,.MGP%)PM%GHC)GC."G8!-!M.,

%/P%,!%&0%8G`G8)-%GM.'%G.'G&!IC'?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUQ00)--)".'!)&GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08UQ00)--)".'!)&3,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

<V= :;<=9=3f Y?9

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FQM8)G!'GH)2M"GK%G&!0%G')GI%'G:!A!GH),@!&IG!&G'C%GC)'%M8G.&"

"),-8G),GI%'G.GK2M@G"%.MG)&G-)K!M%GK,)."K.&"F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUQ00)--)".'!)&GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08UQ00)--)".'!)&3,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

<V9 :;<=9=3f <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

F6),-GU^GH.8G,%.MM4GD2!'%G+.,G.H.4?G*GC%.,"G'C.'G'C%4GH%,%

.MM%I%"M4GF&!0%,FJGK2'G+),G'C,%%G&!IC'8JG*GH)2M"GP,%+%,G.GPM.0%

0M)8%,G-),%G'C.&G&!0%,?GQM8)JG'C%,%GH.8G&)G!&'%,&%'JGH!,%"G),

H!,%M%88?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUQ00)--)".'!)&GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08UQ00)--)".'!)&3,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

<V< :;<=9=3f <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

Fb&G'C%G12&".4G*GB.&"G%$%,4)&%G%M8%G.'G"),-GU^JG.8G+.,G.8G*

@&)HEGH.8G')M"G')G0C%0@G)2'JG.&"GC."G')G'.@%G)2,GM2II.I%G')

'C%G$%&2%G.&"GH.!'G2&'!MG'C%G.+'%,&))&G')G@&)HGHC%,%GH%GH)2M"

8M%%PG'C%G+)MM)H!&IG&!IC'8?GXC%GPM.0%G*G%&"%"G2PG.'GH.8

;%"!0.MG"),-GU9JGHC!0CGH.8Ge#QffkG+.,G.H.4?GXC!8G!8GP,%''4

)K$!)28M4G&)'G$%,4GI))"?F

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUQ00)--)".'!)&GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08UQ00)--)".'!)&3,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

<VV :;<=9=3f <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FXC%G&%'GH.8GK,)@%&G!&G6),-G<G+,)-G'C%G8%0)&"G".4?F:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUQ00)--)".'!)&GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08UQ00)--)".'!)&3,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

<VY :;<=9=3f <?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FXC%G&%'H),@G!&G6),-G<GH),@%"G2&'!MG'C%G<&"G".4G-),&!&IJGK2'

"!"&L'G!&G'C%GV".4G-),&!&I?G62,!&IG'C%G0)&+%,%&0%G&)GH!`+!GH.8

.$.!M.KM%G!&G6),-G<?G*G-!88%"G'C%G&%'G0)&&%0'!)&GI,%.'M4G`

8P%0!.MM4G_28'GK%+),%G*GH)2M"GI!$%G-4GP,%8%&'.'!)&GNBF

:!@!-.&!.G<=9=G;)&8'%,8G.&"G0,!'!08GUQ00)--)".'!)&GC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<=9=?

H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5;)&8'%,8R.&"R0,!'!08UQ00)--)".'!)&3,!-.,4

7)$%-K%,

<=9=

<V> :;<==a#l 9?9

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

FQGP%,8)&.MG82,$%4GH.8GC.&"%"G)2'G')G-.&4G)+G'C%G.''%&"%%8

.'G:!@!-.&!.G<==a?FC''PN55H!@!-.&!.<==a?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!512,$%4R,%82M'8 3,!-.,4

m.&2.,4

<==d

<V^ f)&I!'2"!&.M 9?V

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

FXC!8G!8G.GP,)_%0'GP.I%G+),G'C%G!&+),-.MG0)--2&!'4GI,)2PG'C.'

82PP),'8G:!@!-.&!.?

3,)P)8.MNG),I.&!T%G.G8'.&"!&IG:!@!-.&!.G0)--!''%%JG')

P,%8%,$%G!&8'!'2'!)&.MG@&)HM%"I%G.K)2'G,2&&!&IG:!@!-.&!.8J

C%MPG&%HGK!"G'%.-8GI%'G2PG.&"G,2&&!&IGHC%&G'C%4G8'.,'JG.&"

,2&G.&G%++%0'!$%G',!.I%G.+'%,G'C%4G.,%G")&%?F

:@!-.&!.5()--2&!'4GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5:!@!-.&!.50)--2&!'4 3,!-.,4m.&`7)$

<=9=

<Vc f)&I!'2"!&.M 9?V e%8%.,0C%,G&)'%8QG0C%0@M!8'GC.8GK%%&G0,%.'%"JG)P%&G')G%"!'G.&"G!&0M2"!&I

82II%8'!)&8G+,)-GP,%$!)28G%$%&'8:@!-.&!.G(C%0@M!8'GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5:!@!-.&!.50C%0@M!8' 3,!-.,4

A%K`m2&

<=9=

<Va f)&I!'2"!&.M 9?V

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

F\)HG')G,2&G.G:!@!-.&!.NGP.8'GP,.0'!0%JGK%8'GP,.0'!0%JG.&"

I%&%,.MGI2!".&0%F:!@!-.&!.G\.&"K))@GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5:!@!-.&!.5\.&"K))@ 3,!-.,4

m2&`7)$

<=9=

Page 37: How knowledge can make decision making more effective: practices fostering double-loop learning

!" #$%&' ()"% *&+),-.&' #/',.0' 1)2,0%3,!-.,45

1%0)&".,46.'% 7)'%8

<Vd f)&I!'2"!&.M 9?V

:!@!-%"!.

A)2&".'!)&

BC%."D2.,'%,8E

F1)JG4)2GH.&'G')G),I.&!T%G.G:!@!-.&!.OG:%MMJGI))"GM20@?GN`E

XC!8GI2!"%G!8GP,%''4GC2I%G.&"G8C)2M"GI!$%G4)2GM)'8G)+G'!P8G)&

C)HG')G),I.&!T%G:!@!-.&!.G.&"GHC%,%G')GI%'GC%MPG+),G8'2++G&)'

)&GC%,%?F

:!@!-.&!.G\.&"K))@GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5:!@!-.&!.5\.&"K))@ 3,!-.,4m2&`7)$

<=9=

<Y= f)&I!'2"!&.M 9?V

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FQG+%HG'C)2IC'8G.&"G'!P8G)&GPM.&&!&IGH!@!-.&!.JGK.8%"G)&GP.8'

.&"GP%,8)&.MG%/P%,!%&0%?G7)'%G'C.'G'C!8G!8GC!ICM4G2&)++!0!.MJG.&"

&)'G.G8'.'%-%&'G+,)-G'C%GK!"G_2,4G!&G.&4GH.4?GQM8)G&)'%G'C.'

'C%,%G!8G-),%G'C.&G)&%GH.4G')G")G.M-)8'G%$%,4'C!&IJG!&0M2"!&I

PM.&&!&IG:!@!-.&!.G``G'C%G%$%&'G0.&G.&"G8C)2M"GK%G,%!-.I!&%"

.&"G,%H),@%"GK4G%.0CG8%'G)+GC)8'8?G\)H%$%,JG'C%,%G.,%G8)-%

-!8'.@%8G.&"G'!P8G')GM%.,&G+,)-GP.8'GPM.&&!&IG%/P%,!%&0%8?F

S&)++!0!.MGl2!"%GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5S8%,N3C)%K%5:!@!-.&!. 3,!-.,4Q2I<==cG`

Q2IG<=9=

<Y9 f)&I!'2"!&.M 9?<

:!@!-%"!.

()--2&!'4

BS8%,E

FA%MM)HG),I.&!T%,8G.&"G)'C%,8JG+%%MG+,%%G')G0C!-%G!&?F S&)++!0!.MGl2!"%GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?),I5H!@!5S8%,N3C)%K%5:!@!-.&!. 3,!-.,4Q2I<==cG`

Q2IG<=9=

e%+?G')G!"

<Y=

<Y< f)&I!'2"!&.M V?9 e%8%.,0C%,G&)'%8

XC%GZ!"Gm2"I!&IG(,!'%,!.G+),G:!@!-.&!.G<==aG'.@%G!&')

0)&8!"%,.'!)&G8)-%G)+G'C%G%,,),8G8!I&.M%"G!&G'C%GP,%$!)28

%$%&'8?GXC%Gm2"I!&IG(,!'%,!.G)+G'C%G+)MM)H!&IG4%.,8G.,%G.G8M!IC'

%&C.&0%-%&'G!&G'C%G8.-%G"!,%0'!)&?

:!@!-.&!.G5Gm2"I!&IG(,!'%,!.GC''PN55-%'.?H!@!-%"!.?

),I5H!@!5:!@!-.&!.5m2"I!&IR0,!'%,!.3,!-.,4

<==^G`

<=9=