How human resources can improve employee safety
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Transcript of How human resources can improve employee safety
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How Human Resources Can Affect Employee Safety
Sarah Edwards
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Timeline of Disasters
1988 1989 2000 2005 2010
Piper Alpha Rig Fire
Location: North Sea, off ScotlandCompany: Occidental PetroleumDamages: $3.4 billionDeaths: 166Injuries: 62
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Timeline of Disasters
1988 1989 2000 2005 2010
Phillips Disaster of 1989
Location: Pasadena, TXCompany: Phillips Petroleum Co.Damages: $1.4 billionDeaths: 23Injuries: 314
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Timeline of Disasters
1988 1989 2000 2005 2010
Phillips Explosion of 2000
Location: Pasadena, TXCompany: Phillips Petroleum Co.Damages: Total unknownDeaths: 1Injuries: 71
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Timeline of Disasters
1988 1989 2000 2005 2010
BP Refinery Explosion
Location: Texas City, TXCompany: BPDamages: $1.5 billionDeaths: 15Injuries: 170
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Timeline of Disasters
1988 1989 2000 2005 2010
Deepwater Horizon Explosion
Location: Gulf of MexicoCompany: BPDamages: $40 - $60 billionDeaths: 11Injuries: 16
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Occupational safety emphasized over process safety
Human Factors:• A combination of either individual errors or
organizational failures have been reported to cause as much as 80% of oil spills and marine accidents*
Commonalities Between Disasters
*An Assessment of the Role of Human Factors in Oil Spills from Vessels. Report to Prince William Sound RCAC, 2006.
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SKILL-BASEDaction errors
checking errors
RULE-BASEDretrieval errors
transmission errors
KNOWLEDGE-BASED diagnostic errorsdecision errors
How Organizational Failure Can Lead to Individual Errors
HUMAN FACTORS
INDIVIDUAL FACTORScompetence
stressmotivation
GROUP FACTORSmanagementsupervision
crew
ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS company policies
company standardssystems and procedures
HUMAN ERRORS
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Recommendations
Safety Cases• Produced by the operator of a facility to*:– Identify hazards and risks– Describe how the risks are controlled– Describe the safety management system in place to ensure
the controls are effectively and consistently applied
• Scrutinized by a competent and independent regulator
*Australia’s National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority (NOPSEMA)
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SafetyCase
SafetyManagement System (SMS)
Safety Case Report
Strategy
Resources
Aim
Objectives
Safety Case Production
Through Life Management
Scope
Targets
Acceptance
Review/Audit
Assessors
Safety Committee
Safety Manager
Auditors
System Description
SMS Description
Safety Assessment
Emergency Procedures
Hazard Log
Supporting Argument
Hazard Identification
Risk Assessment
Hazard Control
Structure of a Safety Case*
*Zotov, Dmitri (2007). Safety Cases: Beyond Safety Management Systems
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Recommendations
Process Safety Management (PSM)National Emphasis Program: • Policies or procedures to reduce the workplace
hazards associated with the catastrophic release of highly hazardous chemicals at petroleum factories
OSHA: PSM-NEP. Directive # CPL-03-00-010
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Recommendations
Communicating and Speaking Up1
• Survey conducted on Transocean crew members working on Deepwater Horizon days before explosion: 46% of crew members feared reprisals for reporting unsafe situations2
• Go through training with peers, supervisors, and subordinates to flatten the corporate hierarchy
1. Managerial Practices that Promote Speaking Up Constructively Among Front-Line Employees (2011). 2. Commission on BP Oil Spill, pg. 219
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Worth the Cost?
Construction Disaster$0
$5,000,000,000
$10,000,000,000
$15,000,000,000
$20,000,000,000
$25,000,000,000
$30,000,000,000
$35,000,000,000
$40,000,000,000