How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors
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Transcript of How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors
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To what extent has Mahbub ul Haq influenced our
view of world develop-
ment?
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Learning Objectives
By the end of this lesson I will…
Assess how the inter-related nature of factors affecting development have been interpreted by Geographers
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Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
Physical environment sets lim-its on human social develop-ment
Place determines suc-cess because the cli-mate sets peoples attitudes
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Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
The frequent
variability in the
weather of the
middle latitudes led
to more determined
and driven work
ethics
Tropical climates were said to cause laziness, relaxed attitudes and promiscuity,
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Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
How would this place limit
human social development?
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Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
How would this place limit
human social development?
Resources?
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Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
How would this place limit
human social development?
Resources? Attitudes?
![Page 8: How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55896247d8b42a831c8b467e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
How would this place limit
human social development?
Resources? Attitudes?
Construc-
tion?
![Page 9: How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55896247d8b42a831c8b467e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
How would this place limit
human social development?
Resources? Attitudes?
Construc-
tion?
Religion?
![Page 10: How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55896247d8b42a831c8b467e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
How would this place limit
human social development?
Resources?
Water?
Attitudes?
Construc-
tion?
Religion?
![Page 11: How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55896247d8b42a831c8b467e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
How would this place limit
human social development?
Resources?
Water?
Attitudes?
Construc-
tion?
Religion?
Minerals?
![Page 12: How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55896247d8b42a831c8b467e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
How would this place limit
human social development?
Resources?
Water?
Attitudes?
Construc-
tion?
Religion?
Agriculture?
Minerals?
![Page 13: How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55896247d8b42a831c8b467e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
How would this place limit
human social development?
Resources?
Water?
Attitudes?
Construc-
tion?
Religion?
Agriculture?
Minerals? Trade Part-
ners?
![Page 14: How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55896247d8b42a831c8b467e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
How would this place limit
human social development?
Resources?
Water?
Attitudes?
Construc-
tion?
Religion?
Agriculture?
Minerals? Trade Part-
ners?
Carrying Capacity?
![Page 15: How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55896247d8b42a831c8b467e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
How would this place limit
human social development?
![Page 16: How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55896247d8b42a831c8b467e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
How would this place limit
human social development?
![Page 17: How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55896247d8b42a831c8b467e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
Is environmental determin-
ism a form of racism built
around
climatological science?
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Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
Is environmental determin-
ism a form of racism built
around
climatological science?
Is it eurocentric by
design?
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Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
Is environmental determin-
ism a form of racism built
around
climatological science?
Is it eurocentric by
design?
Is it still widely used?
![Page 20: How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55896247d8b42a831c8b467e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
Is environmental determin-
ism a form of racism built
around
climatological science?
Is it eurocentric by
design?
Is it still widely used?
"Environmental Determinism was not disproved, only disapproved.“- Erhard Rutland
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"Yet, environmental advantages were only the beginning. Growth and development
call for enterprise, and this is not a quality to be taken for granted. Grounded in the Greco-Roman concepts of democracy
and Judeo-Christian cultural beliefs, such inventions as private property rights and free enterprise made European-based
societies different from other civilisations."
- Peet & Hartwick, Theories of Development, 2009
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Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
Physical Ecology is an exten-
sion of Physical Geography
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Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
Physical Ecology is an exten-
sion of Physical Geography
When analysing reasons for
Kenya’s low crop yields
physical ecologists would
identify
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Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
Physical Ecology is an exten-
sion of Physical Geography
When analysing reasons for
Kenya’s low crop yields
physical ecologists would
identify
Changing rainfall pat-
terns
![Page 25: How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55896247d8b42a831c8b467e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
Physical Ecology is an exten-
sion of Physical Geography
When analysing reasons for
Kenya’s low crop yields
physical ecologists would
identify
Changing rainfall pat-
ternsUse of fertilisers
![Page 26: How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55896247d8b42a831c8b467e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
Physical Ecology is an exten-
sion of Physical Geography
When analysing reasons for
Kenya’s low crop yields
physical ecologists would
identify
Changing rainfall pat-
terns
Soil nutrient quality
Use of fertilisers
![Page 27: How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55896247d8b42a831c8b467e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
Physical Ecology is an exten-
sion of Physical Geography
When analysing reasons for
Kenya’s low crop yields
physical ecologists would
identify
Changing rainfall pat-
terns
Soil nutrient quality
Use of fertilisers
Hours of daylight
![Page 28: How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55896247d8b42a831c8b467e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
Physical Ecology is an exten-
sion of Physical Geography
When analysing reasons for
Kenya’s low crop yields
physical ecologists would
identify
Changing rainfall pat-
terns
Soil nutrient quality
Altitude
Use of fertilisers
Hours of daylight
![Page 29: How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55896247d8b42a831c8b467e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
Physical Ecology is an exten-
sion of Physical Geography
When analysing reasons for
Kenya’s low crop yields
physical ecologists would
identify
Changing rainfall pat-
terns
Soil nutrient quality
Altitude Climate
Use of fertilisers
Hours of daylight
![Page 30: How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55896247d8b42a831c8b467e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
Physical Ecology is an exten-
sion of Physical Geography
When analysing reasons for
Kenya’s low crop yields
physical ecologists would
identify
Changing rainfall pat-
terns
Soil nutrient quality
Altitude Climate
Use of fertilisers
Hours of daylight
Irrigation meth-
ods
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Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
What would this map of soil
quality tell physical eco-logists about the current state of
development in those areas?
![Page 32: How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55896247d8b42a831c8b467e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
Political Economy is an ex-
tension of Human Geography
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Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
Political Economy is an ex-
tension of Human Geography
When analysing reasons for
Kenya’s low crop yields polit-
ical economists would
identify
![Page 34: How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55896247d8b42a831c8b467e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
Political Economy is an ex-
tension of Human Geography
When analysing reasons for
Kenya’s low crop yields polit-
ical economists would
identify
Land ownership rights
![Page 35: How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55896247d8b42a831c8b467e/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
Political Economy is an ex-
tension of Human Geography
When analysing reasons for
Kenya’s low crop yields polit-
ical economists would
identify
Land ownership rights Fertiliser prices
![Page 36: How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55896247d8b42a831c8b467e/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
Political Economy is an ex-
tension of Human Geography
When analysing reasons for
Kenya’s low crop yields polit-
ical economists would
identify
Land ownership rights
Co-operative trade
groups
Fertiliser prices
![Page 37: How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55896247d8b42a831c8b467e/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
Political Economy is an ex-
tension of Human Geography
When analysing reasons for
Kenya’s low crop yields polit-
ical economists would
identify
Land ownership rights
Co-operative trade
groups
Fertiliser prices
Inheritance laws
![Page 38: How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55896247d8b42a831c8b467e/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
Political Economy is an ex-
tension of Human Geography
When analysing reasons for
Kenya’s low crop yields polit-
ical economists would
identify
Land ownership rights
Co-operative trade
groups
Corruption
Fertiliser prices
Inheritance laws
![Page 39: How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55896247d8b42a831c8b467e/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
Political Economy is an ex-
tension of Human Geography
When analysing reasons for
Kenya’s low crop yields polit-
ical economists would
identify
Land ownership rights
Co-operative trade
groups
Corruption Bribery
Fertiliser prices
Inheritance laws
![Page 40: How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55896247d8b42a831c8b467e/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
Political Economy is an ex-
tension of Human Geography
When analysing reasons for
Kenya’s low crop yields polit-
ical economists would
identify
Land ownership rights
Co-operative trade
groups
Corruption Bribery
Fertiliser prices
Inheritance laws
Distance from mar-
kets
![Page 41: How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55896247d8b42a831c8b467e/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
What would this map of political cor-ruption tell political economists about the current state of development in those areas?
![Page 42: How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55896247d8b42a831c8b467e/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
Physical Ecolo-gists
PoliticalEconom-
ists
Interdiscip-linary
DevelopmentScience
![Page 43: How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55896247d8b42a831c8b467e/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
Interdiscip-linary
DevelopmentScience
![Page 44: How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55896247d8b42a831c8b467e/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
Interdiscip-linary
DevelopmentScience
Water Availability
Mineral QualityEnvironment
QualitySoil Quality
![Page 45: How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55896247d8b42a831c8b467e/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
Interdiscip-linary
DevelopmentScience
Water Availability
Mineral QualityEnvironment
QualitySoil Quality
Level of Debt
Corruption
Vision
Colonial Leg-acy
![Page 46: How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55896247d8b42a831c8b467e/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
Interdiscip-linary
DevelopmentScience
Water Availability
Mineral QualityEnvironment
QualitySoil Quality
Trade Links
GDP per Cap-ita
Level of Debt
Corruption
Economic Group-ings
Involvement of TNCs
Vision
Colonial Leg-acy
![Page 47: How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55896247d8b42a831c8b467e/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Physical Ecologists
EnvironmentalDeterminism
PoliticalEconomists
InterdisciplinaryScience
Interdiscip-linary
DevelopmentScience
Water Availability
Mineral QualityEnvironment
QualitySoil Quality
Demograph-ics
Education
Workforce Skills
Infrastructure
Trade Links
GDP per Cap-ita
Level of Debt
Corruption
Economic Group-ings
Involvement of TNCs
Vision
Colonial Leg-acy
![Page 48: How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55896247d8b42a831c8b467e/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Learning Objectives
At the end of this lesson I can…
Assess how the inter-related nature of factors affecting development have been interpreted by Geographers
![Page 49: How have Geographers interpreted Development Factors](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55896247d8b42a831c8b467e/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Further Research
Read this articlehttp://climateandcapitalism.com/2013/01/24/environmental-determinism-does-climate-control-our-destiny /
These slides, article links, and further support will be shared
@WhitehavenGeog