How does a cell survive?

http://www.cs.brown.edu/stc/outrea/greenhouse/nursery/biology/home.html

• Everything, from the structure covering the cells to the organelles inside them, performs a task that helps to keep the cell alive.

Cell Membrane• Holds the cell’s inside organelles together• Allows nutrients in and waste products out

PhospholipidsMolecules

• Make up the cell membrane and are made of fatty acids and glycerol & phosphates.

Cell Wall

• Only in plants and algae• Made of cellulose• Provides strength/support around the

membrane• It allows trees, leaves, & plants to stand up.

Nucleus

• Means “kernel” or “nut”• Is covered by a membrane which allows

materials to pass.• Is the control center of the cell• Stores DNA (Which makes protein)

Nucleolus

• Dark spot inside the nucleus

• Stores material to make ribosomes.

DNA

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Ribosomes• Are proteins (made of amino acids) which are

the building blocks of the cell.• Small organelles in every cell b/c they need

protein.• Have no membranes.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• Covered with membrane• Makes lipids• Breaks down

drugs/chemicals that might harm the cell

• Internal delivery system• Moves through the tubular

connections

Mitochondria

• The cells “power plant”

• Food molecules are broken down in the cell to release energy.

• Then, ATP moves energy to Mitochondria

• Bean shaped

• 2 membranes

• Work only with oxygen

Outer and Inner Membranes

Chloroplasts• Only in plants and algae• Energy-converting from the sun• 2 membranes• Looks like stacked coins• Contain Chlorophyll (green) which traps light and

makes it into sugar (photosynthesis)

Chloroplasts&

Mitochondria

• Theory that they evolved from anceient bacteria.• Created by cells eating each other.• Have the same kind of ribosomes and circular

DNA.

& = Old

Bacteria

The Golgi Bodies

• From ER it transports modified lipids & proteins in its’ membrane.

• Named after Camillo Golgi (Italian)• Look like ER but are close to cell membrane

Vesicles

• Membrane covered compartments

• Formed from ER Golgi

Ex. How white blood cells eat other cells.

Check out the picture on page 73 in your text book.

Vacuoles

• Only in plants• Membrane covered chamber• Full of water

Ex. Oranges

Ever wonder how to make lettuce crisp or roses red?

Lysosomes

• Only in animal cells• Vesicles with enzymes.• Destroy worn-out or damaged cells• Get rid of waste• Protect the cell.

Ex. Caterpillars, tadpole’s tales, aging

Plant Cell

Animal Cell

Plant Cell

So now, create a Venn diagram comparing a plant and animal cell.