How do we find and remove mineral
Transcript of How do we find and remove mineral
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AIM:
How do we find and
remove mineral
resources?
3/13
T minus 28 days
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Mineral Resources
known location and quantity
Identified
potential supplies assumed to exist
Undiscovered
Reserves
identified resources that can be extracted
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Mineral Resources
1. coal
2. oil
3. natural gas
4. uranium
Energy Resources
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Mineral Resources
1. building stone – granite, limestone, marble, slate
2. sand and gravel – construction
3. clay – cement, bricks, pottery
4. salt – road deicer, food
5. gypsum – plaster, wallboard, fertilizer
6. phosphates- fertilizers
Nonmetallic Resources
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Mineral Resources
metal-yielding minerals or rocks
mined for economic value
Ores
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1. copper (chalcopyrite)
- construction, electronics
2. Iron (magnetite, hematite)
- steel production
3. aluminum (bauxite)
- transportation, food packaging, construction
Mineral Resources
Ores
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TYPES OF MINES
Subsurface
drilling underground tunnels
Surface Mining
top layers of soil & rock (overburden)
are removed to access minerals
- spoils - waste material removed
from area being mined
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spoil banks
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SURFACE MINES
open-pit mining - large hole is dug to extract minerals
- copper and iron
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Surface Mining: Open-Pit Mining
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Surface Mining: Open-Pit Mining
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Surface Mining: Open-Pit Mining
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Surface Mining: Open-Pit Mining
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SURFACE MINES
strip-mining - overburden and minerals removed in
strips or sections
- coal and phosphates
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Surface Mining: Strip Mining
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Surface Mining: Strip Mining
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Surface Mining: Coal Strip Mining
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Surface Mining: Coal Strip Mining
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Surface Phosphate Strip Mining
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SURFACE MINES
mountaintop removal - removal of mountaintop or ridgeline
using explosives and heavy machinery
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Surface Mining:
mountaintop removal
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Surface Mining:
mountaintop removal
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Surface Mining:
mountaintop removal
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mountaintop removal
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NEGATIVE EFFECTS
OF MINING
1. disrupts great amounts of
surface ecosystems
2. increased soil erosion
3. altered stream drainage flooding
4. machinery energy use
air pollution
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5. surface and groundwater pollution
rainwater contacts mine waste
– tailings - leftover material after ore
has been extracted
6. acid mine drainage –
subsurface rocks exposed to air
and water sulfuric acid
NEGATIVE EFFECTS
OF MINING
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7. processing of ore
smelting produces sulfur dioxide
(acid rain)
heap-leach extraction – chemical process to separate
metal from rock water contamination
NEGATIVE EFFECTS
OF MINING
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8. subsurface - dangerous
- chronic health effects CWP - coal-workers pneumoconiosis
(black lung)
COPD - chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease
hypertension
kidney disease
NEGATIVE EFFECTS
OF MINING